dwm.c

/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details.
 *
 * dynamic window manager is designed like any other X client as well. It is
 * driven through handling X events. In contrast to other X clients, a window
 * manager selects for SubstructureRedirectMask on the root window, to receive
 * events about window (dis-)appearance. Only one X connection at a time is
 * allowed to select for this event mask.
 *
 * The event handlers of dwm are organized in an array which is accessed
 * whenever a new event has been fetched. This allows event dispatching
 * in O(1) time.
 *
 * Each child of the root window is called a client, except windows which have
 * set the override_redirect flag. Clients are organized in a linked client
 * list on each monitor, the focus history is remembered through a stack list
 * on each monitor. Each client contains a bit array to indicate the tags of a
 * client.
 *
 * Keys and tagging rules are organized as arrays and defined in config.h.
 *
 * To understand everything else, start reading main().
 */
#include <errno.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <spawn.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <X11/cursorfont.h>
#include <X11/keysym.h>
#include <X11/Xatom.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xproto.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
#ifdef XINERAMA
#include <X11/extensions/Xinerama.h>
#endif /* XINERAMA */
#include <X11/Xft/Xft.h>
#include <X11/Xlib-xcb.h>
#include <xcb/res.h>
#ifdef __OpenBSD__
#include <sys/sysctl.h>
#include <kvm.h>
#endif /* __OpenBSD */

#include "drw.h"
#include "util.h"

/* macros */
#define BUTTONMASK              (ButtonPressMask|ButtonReleaseMask)
#define CLEANMASK(mask)         (mask & ~(numlockmask|LockMask) & (ShiftMask|ControlMask|Mod1Mask|Mod2Mask|Mod3Mask|Mod4Mask|Mod5Mask))
#define INTERSECT(x,y,w,h,m)    (MAX(0, MIN((x)+(w),(m)->wx+(m)->ww) - MAX((x),(m)->wx)) \
                               * MAX(0, MIN((y)+(h),(m)->wy+(m)->wh) - MAX((y),(m)->wy)))
#define INTERSECTC(x,y,w,h,z)   (MAX(0, MIN((x)+(w),(z)->x+(z)->w) - MAX((x),(z)->x)) \
                               * MAX(0, MIN((y)+(h),(z)->y+(z)->h) - MAX((y),(z)->y)))
#define ISVISIBLE(C)            ((C->tags & C->mon->tagset[C->mon->seltags]))
#define LENGTH(X)               (sizeof X / sizeof X[0])
#define MOUSEMASK               (BUTTONMASK|PointerMotionMask)
#define WIDTH(X)                ((X)->w + 2 * (X)->bw)
#define HEIGHT(X)               ((X)->h + 2 * (X)->bw)
#define TAGMASK                 ((1 << LENGTH(tags)) - 1)
#define TEXTW(X)                (drw_fontset_getwidth(drw, (X)) + lrpad)

#define SYSTEM_TRAY_REQUEST_DOCK    0
/* XEMBED messages */
#define XEMBED_EMBEDDED_NOTIFY      0
#define XEMBED_WINDOW_ACTIVATE      1
#define XEMBED_FOCUS_IN             4
#define XEMBED_MODALITY_ON         10
#define XEMBED_MAPPED              (1 << 0)
#define XEMBED_WINDOW_ACTIVATE      1
#define XEMBED_WINDOW_DEACTIVATE    2
#define VERSION_MAJOR               0
#define VERSION_MINOR               0
#define XEMBED_EMBEDDED_VERSION (VERSION_MAJOR << 16) | VERSION_MINOR

/* enums */
enum { CurResizeBR, CurResizeBL, CurResizeTR, CurResizeTL, CurNormal, CurResize, CurMove, CurLast }; /* cursor */
enum { SchemeNorm, SchemeSel }; /* color schemes */
enum { NetSupported, NetWMName, NetWMState, NetWMCheck,
       NetSystemTray, NetSystemTrayOP, NetSystemTrayOrientation, NetSystemTrayOrientationHorz,
       NetWMFullscreen, NetActiveWindow, NetWMWindowType, NetWMIcon,
       NetWMWindowTypeDialog, NetClientList, NetLast }; /* EWMH atoms */
enum { Manager, Xembed, XembedInfo, XLast }; /* Xembed atoms */
enum { WMProtocols, WMDelete, WMState, WMTakeFocus, WMLast }; /* default atoms */
enum { ClkTagBar, ClkLtSymbol, ClkStatusText, ClkWinTitle,
       ClkClientWin, ClkRootWin, ClkLast }; /* clicks */

typedef union {
	int i;
	unsigned int ui;
	float f;
	const void *v;
} Arg;

typedef struct {
	unsigned int click;
	unsigned int mask;
	unsigned int button;
	void (*func)(const Arg *arg);
	const Arg arg;
} Button;

typedef struct Monitor Monitor;
typedef struct Client Client;
struct Client {
	char name[256];
	float mina, maxa;
	float cfact;
	int x, y, w, h;
	int oldx, oldy, oldw, oldh;
	int basew, baseh, incw, inch, maxw, maxh, minw, minh;
	int bw, oldbw;
	unsigned int tags;
	int isfixed, isfloating, isurgent, neverfocus, oldstate, isfullscreen, isterminal, noswallow;
	int beingmoved;
	int fakefullscreen;
	pid_t pid;
	Client *next;
	Client *snext;
	Client *swallowing;
	Monitor *mon;
	Window win;
	unsigned int icw, ich;
	Picture icon;
};

typedef struct {
	unsigned int mod;
	KeySym keysym;
	void (*func)(const Arg *);
	const Arg arg;
} Key;

typedef struct {
	const char *symbol;
	void (*arrange)(Monitor *);
} Layout;

typedef struct Pertag Pertag;
struct Monitor {
	char ltsymbol[16];
	float mfact;
	int nmaster;
	int num;
	int by;               /* bar geometry */
	int mx, my, mw, mh;   /* screen size */
	int wx, wy, ww, wh;   /* window area  */
	unsigned int seltags;
	unsigned int sellt;
	unsigned int tagset[2];
	int showbar;
	int topbar;
	Client *clients;
	Client *sel;
	Client *stack;
	Monitor *next;
	Window barwin;
	const Layout *lt[2];
	Pertag *pertag;
};

typedef struct {
	const char *class;
	const char *instance;
	const char *title;
	unsigned int tags;
	int isfloating;
	int isterminal;
	int noswallow;
	int monitor;
} Rule;

typedef struct Systray Systray;
struct Systray {
	Window win;
	Client *icons;
};

/* function declarations */
static void applyrules(Client *c);
static int applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h, int interact);
static void arrange(Monitor *m);
static void arrangemon(Monitor *m);
static void attach(Client *c);
static void attachbottom(Client *c);
static void attachstack(Client *c);
static void buttonpress(XEvent *e);
static void checkotherwm(void);
static void cleanup(void);
static void cleanupmon(Monitor *mon);
static void clientmessage(XEvent *e);
static void configure(Client *c);
static void configurenotify(XEvent *e);
static void configurerequest(XEvent *e);
static Monitor *createmon(void);
static void destroynotify(XEvent *e);
static void detach(Client *c);
static void detachstack(Client *c);
static Monitor *dirtomon(int dir);
static void drawbar(Monitor *m);
static void drawbars(void);
static void enternotify(XEvent *e);
static void expose(XEvent *e);
static void focus(Client *c);
static void focusin(XEvent *e);
static void focusmon(const Arg *arg);
static void focusstack(const Arg *arg);
static Atom getatomprop(Client *c, Atom prop);
static pid_t getparentprocess(pid_t p);
static int getrootptr(int *x, int *y);
static long getstate(Window w);
static pid_t getstatusbarpid();
static unsigned int getsystraywidth(void);
static int gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size);
static void grabbuttons(Client *c, int focused);
static void grabkeys(void);
static void incnmaster(const Arg *arg);
static int isdescprocess(pid_t p, pid_t c);
static void keypress(XEvent *e);
static void killclient(const Arg *arg);
static void manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa);
static void mappingnotify(XEvent *e);
static void maprequest(XEvent *e);
static void monocle(Monitor *m);
static void motionnotify(XEvent *e);
static void movemouse(const Arg *arg);
static void movestack(const Arg *arg);
static void moveorplace(const Arg *arg);
static Client *nexttiled(Client *c);
static int noborder(Client *c);
static void placemouse(const Arg *arg);
static void pop(Client *c);
static void propertynotify(XEvent *e);
static void quit(const Arg *arg);
static Client *recttoclient(int x, int y, int w, int h);
static Monitor *recttomon(int x, int y, int w, int h);
static void removesystrayicon(Client *i);
static void resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, int interact);
static void resizebarwin(Monitor *m);
static void resizeclient(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h);
static void resizemouse(const Arg *arg);
static void resizerequest(XEvent *e);
static void restack(Monitor *m);
static void run(void);
static void runautostart(void);
static void scan(void);
static int sendevent(Window w, Atom proto, int m, long d0, long d1, long d2, long d3, long d4);
static void sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m);
static void setclientstate(Client *c, long state);
static void setfocus(Client *c);
static void setfullscreen(Client *c, int fullscreen);
static void fullscreen(const Arg *arg);
static void setlayout(const Arg *arg);
static void setcfact(const Arg *arg);
static void setmfact(const Arg *arg);
static void setup(void);
static void seturgent(Client *c, int urg);
static void sigchld(int unused);
static void showhide(Client *c);
static void sigstatusbar(const Arg *arg);
static void spawn(const Arg *arg);
static Monitor *systraytomon(Monitor *m);
static int swallow(Client *p, Client *c);
static Client *swallowingclient(Window w);
static void tag(const Arg *arg);
static void tagmon(const Arg *arg);
static Client *termforwin(const Client *c);
static void tile(Monitor *m);
static void togglebar(const Arg *arg);
static void togglefakefullscreen(const Arg *arg);
static void togglefloating(const Arg *arg);
static void toggletag(const Arg *arg);
static void toggleview(const Arg *arg);
static void unfocus(Client *c, int setfocus);
static void unmanage(Client *c, int destroyed);
static void unmapnotify(XEvent *e);
static void unswallow(Client *c);
static void updatebarpos(Monitor *m);
static void updatebars(void);
static void updateclientlist(void);
static int updategeom(void);
static void updatenumlockmask(void);
static void updatesizehints(Client *c);
static void updatestatus(void);
static void updatesystray(void);
static void updatesystrayicongeom(Client *i, int w, int h);
static void updatesystrayiconstate(Client *i, XPropertyEvent *ev);
static void updatetitle(Client *c);
static void updatewindowtype(Client *c);
static void updatewmhints(Client *c);
static void view(const Arg *arg);
static pid_t winpid(Window w);
static void warp(Client *c);
static Client *wintoclient(Window w);
static Monitor *wintomon(Window w);
static Client *wintosystrayicon(Window w);
static int xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
static int xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
static int xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee);
static void zoom(const Arg *arg);
static void autostart_exec(void);

/* variables */
static const char autostartblocksh[] = "autostart_blocking.sh";
static const char autostartsh[] = "autostart.sh";
static Systray *systray = NULL;
static const char broken[] = "broken";
static const char dwmdir[] = "github/dwm-titus/scripts";
static const char localshare[] = "";
static char stext[256];
static int statusw;
static int statussig;
static pid_t statuspid = -1;
static int screen;
static int sw, sh;           /* X display screen geometry width, height */
static int bh;               /* bar height */
static int lrpad;            /* sum of left and right padding for text */
static int (*xerrorxlib)(Display *, XErrorEvent *);
static unsigned int numlockmask = 0;
static void (*handler[LASTEvent]) (XEvent *) = {
	[ButtonPress] = buttonpress,
	[ClientMessage] = clientmessage,
	[ConfigureRequest] = configurerequest,
	[ConfigureNotify] = configurenotify,
	[DestroyNotify] = destroynotify,
	[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
	[Expose] = expose,
	[FocusIn] = focusin,
	[KeyPress] = keypress,
	[MappingNotify] = mappingnotify,
	[MapRequest] = maprequest,
	[MotionNotify] = motionnotify,
	[PropertyNotify] = propertynotify,
	[ResizeRequest] = resizerequest,
	[UnmapNotify] = unmapnotify
};
static Atom wmatom[WMLast], netatom[NetLast], xatom[XLast];
static int running = 1;
static Cur *cursor[CurLast];
static Clr **scheme;
static Display *dpy;
static Drw *drw;
static Monitor *mons, *selmon;
static Window root, wmcheckwin;
static xcb_connection_t *xcon;

/* configuration, allows nested code to access above variables */
#include "config.h"

#if SHOWWINICON
static void freeicon(Client *c);
static Picture geticonprop(Window w, unsigned int *icw, unsigned int *ich);
static void updateicon(Client *c);
#endif

struct Pertag {
	unsigned int curtag, prevtag; /* current and previous tag */
	int nmasters[LENGTH(tags) + 1]; /* number of windows in master area */
	float mfacts[LENGTH(tags) + 1]; /* mfacts per tag */
	unsigned int sellts[LENGTH(tags) + 1]; /* selected layouts */
	const Layout *ltidxs[LENGTH(tags) + 1][2]; /* matrix of tags and layouts indexes  */
	int showbars[LENGTH(tags) + 1]; /* display bar for the current tag */
};

unsigned int tagw[LENGTH(tags)];

/* compile-time check if all tags fit into an unsigned int bit array. */
struct NumTags { char limitexceeded[LENGTH(tags) > 31 ? -1 : 1]; };

/* dwm will keep pid's of processes from autostart array and kill them at quit */
static pid_t *autostart_pids;
static size_t autostart_len;

/* execute command from autostart array */
static void
autostart_exec()
{
	const char *const *p;
	struct sigaction sa;
	size_t i = 0;

	/* count entries */
	for (p = autostart; *p; autostart_len++, p++)
		while (*++p);

	autostart_pids = malloc(autostart_len * sizeof(pid_t));
	for (p = autostart; *p; i++, p++) {
		if ((autostart_pids[i] = fork()) == 0) {
			setsid();

			/* Restore SIGCHLD sighandler to default before spawning a program */
			sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
			sa.sa_flags = 0;
			sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
			sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);

			execvp(*p, (char *const *)p);
			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: execvp %s\n", *p);
			perror(" failed");
			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
		}
		/* skip arguments */
		while (*++p);
	}
}

/* function implementations */
void
applyrules(Client *c)
{
	const char *class, *instance;
	unsigned int i;
	const Rule *r;
	Monitor *m;
	XClassHint ch = { NULL, NULL };

	/* rule matching */
	c->isfloating = 0;
	c->tags = 0;
	XGetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
	class    = ch.res_class ? ch.res_class : broken;
	instance = ch.res_name  ? ch.res_name  : broken;

	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(rules); i++) {
		r = &rules[i];
		if ((!r->title || strstr(c->name, r->title))
		&& (!r->class || strstr(class, r->class))
		&& (!r->instance || strstr(instance, r->instance)))
		{
			c->isterminal = r->isterminal;
			c->noswallow  = r->noswallow;
			c->isfloating = r->isfloating;
			c->tags |= r->tags;
			for (m = mons; m && m->num != r->monitor; m = m->next);
			if (m)
				c->mon = m;
		}
	}
	if (ch.res_class)
		XFree(ch.res_class);
	if (ch.res_name)
		XFree(ch.res_name);
	c->tags = c->tags & TAGMASK ? c->tags & TAGMASK : c->mon->tagset[c->mon->seltags];
}

int
applysizehints(Client *c, int *x, int *y, int *w, int *h, int interact)
{
	int baseismin;
	Monitor *m = c->mon;

	/* set minimum possible */
	*w = MAX(1, *w);
	*h = MAX(1, *h);
	if (interact) {
		if (*x > sw)
			*x = sw - WIDTH(c);
		if (*y > sh)
			*y = sh - HEIGHT(c);
		if (*x + *w + 2 * c->bw < 0)
			*x = 0;
		if (*y + *h + 2 * c->bw < 0)
			*y = 0;
	} else {
		if (*x >= m->wx + m->ww)
			*x = m->wx + m->ww - WIDTH(c);
		if (*y >= m->wy + m->wh)
			*y = m->wy + m->wh - HEIGHT(c);
		if (*x + *w + 2 * c->bw <= m->wx)
			*x = m->wx;
		if (*y + *h + 2 * c->bw <= m->wy)
			*y = m->wy;
	}
	if (*h < bh)
		*h = bh;
	if (*w < bh)
		*w = bh;
	if (resizehints || c->isfloating || !c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange) {
		/* see last two sentences in ICCCM 4.1.2.3 */
		baseismin = c->basew == c->minw && c->baseh == c->minh;
		if (!baseismin) { /* temporarily remove base dimensions */
			*w -= c->basew;
			*h -= c->baseh;
		}
		/* adjust for aspect limits */
		if (c->mina > 0 && c->maxa > 0) {
			if (c->maxa < (float)*w / *h)
				*w = *h * c->maxa + 0.5;
			else if (c->mina < (float)*h / *w)
				*h = *w * c->mina + 0.5;
		}
		if (baseismin) { /* increment calculation requires this */
			*w -= c->basew;
			*h -= c->baseh;
		}
		/* adjust for increment value */
		if (c->incw)
			*w -= *w % c->incw;
		if (c->inch)
			*h -= *h % c->inch;
		/* restore base dimensions */
		*w = MAX(*w + c->basew, c->minw);
		*h = MAX(*h + c->baseh, c->minh);
		if (c->maxw)
			*w = MIN(*w, c->maxw);
		if (c->maxh)
			*h = MIN(*h, c->maxh);
	}
	return *x != c->x || *y != c->y || *w != c->w || *h != c->h;
}

void
arrange(Monitor *m)
{
	if (m)
		showhide(m->stack);
	else for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
		showhide(m->stack);
	if (m) {
		arrangemon(m);
		restack(m);
	} else for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
		arrangemon(m);
}

void
arrangemon(Monitor *m)
{
	strncpy(m->ltsymbol, m->lt[m->sellt]->symbol, sizeof m->ltsymbol);
	if (m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
		m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange(m);
}

void
attach(Client *c)
{
	c->next = c->mon->clients;
	c->mon->clients = c;
}

void
attachbottom(Client *c) {
    Client **tc, *lastNonChatterino = NULL;

    // Iterate through the clients to find the last window that is not "chatterino"
    for (tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc; tc = &(*tc)->next) {
        XClassHint ch = { NULL, NULL };
        if (XGetClassHint(dpy, (*tc)->win, &ch)) {
            if (!(ch.res_class && strstr(ch.res_class, "chatterino"))) {
                lastNonChatterino = *tc; // Update last non-"chatterino" window
            }
            if (ch.res_class) XFree(ch.res_class);
            if (ch.res_name) XFree(ch.res_name);
        }
    }

    if (lastNonChatterino) {
        // If found, insert the new client after the last non-"chatterino" window
        c->next = lastNonChatterino->next;
        lastNonChatterino->next = c;
    } else {
        // If no non-"chatterino" windows are found, attach at the beginning
        c->next = c->mon->clients;
        c->mon->clients = c;
    }
}

void
attachstack(Client *c)
{
	c->snext = c->mon->stack;
	c->mon->stack = c;
}

void
buttonpress(XEvent *e)
{
	unsigned int i, x, click;
	Arg arg = {0};
	Client *c;
	Monitor *m;
	XButtonPressedEvent *ev = &e->xbutton;
	char *text, *s, ch;
	click = ClkRootWin;

	/* focus monitor if necessary */
	if ((m = wintomon(ev->window)) && m != selmon) {
		unfocus(selmon->sel, 1);
		selmon = m;
		focus(NULL);
	}
	if (ev->window == selmon->barwin) {
		i = x = 0;
		unsigned int occ = 0;
		for(c = m->clients; c; c=c->next)
			occ |= c->tags == TAGMASK ? 0 : c->tags;
		do {
			/* Do not reserve space for vacant tags */
			if (!(occ & 1 << i || m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i))
				continue;
 			x += TEXTW(tags[i]);
		} while (ev->x >= x && ++i < LENGTH(tags));
		if (i < LENGTH(tags)) {
			click = ClkTagBar;
			arg.ui = 1 << i;
		} else if (ev->x < x + TEXTW(selmon->ltsymbol))
			click = ClkLtSymbol;
		else if (ev->x > selmon->ww - statusw - getsystraywidth()) {
			x = selmon->ww - statusw - getsystraywidth();
			click = ClkStatusText;
			statussig = 0;
			for (text = s = stext; *s && x <= ev->x; s++) {
				if ((unsigned char)(*s) < ' ') {
					ch = *s;
					*s = '\0';
					x += TEXTW(text) - lrpad;
					*s = ch;
					text = s + 1;
					if (x >= ev->x)
						break;
					statussig = ch;
				}
			}
		} else
			click = ClkWinTitle;
	} else if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
		focus(c);
		restack(selmon);
		XAllowEvents(dpy, ReplayPointer, CurrentTime);
		click = ClkClientWin;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
		if (click == buttons[i].click && buttons[i].func && buttons[i].button == ev->button
		&& CLEANMASK(buttons[i].mask) == CLEANMASK(ev->state))
			buttons[i].func(click == ClkTagBar && buttons[i].arg.i == 0 ? &arg : &buttons[i].arg);
}

void
checkotherwm(void)
{
	xerrorxlib = XSetErrorHandler(xerrorstart);
	/* this causes an error if some other window manager is running */
	XSelectInput(dpy, DefaultRootWindow(dpy), SubstructureRedirectMask);
	XSync(dpy, False);
	XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
	XSync(dpy, False);
}

void
cleanup(void)
{
	Monitor *m;
	Layout foo = { "", NULL };
	size_t i;

	/* kill child processes */
	for (i = 0; i < autostart_len; i++) {
		if (0 < autostart_pids[i]) {
			kill(autostart_pids[i], SIGTERM);
			waitpid(autostart_pids[i], NULL, 0);
		}
	}

	selmon->lt[selmon->sellt] = &foo;
	for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
		while (m->stack)
			unmanage(m->stack, 0);
	XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
	while (mons)
		cleanupmon(mons);
	if (showsystray && systray) {
		while (systray->icons)
			removesystrayicon(systray->icons);
		if (systray->win) {
			XUnmapWindow(dpy, systray->win);
			XDestroyWindow(dpy, systray->win);
		}
		free(systray);
	}
	for (i = 0; i < CurLast; i++)
		drw_cur_free(drw, cursor[i]);
	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(colors) + 1; i++)
		free(scheme[i]);
	free(scheme);
	XDestroyWindow(dpy, wmcheckwin);
	drw_free(drw);
	XSync(dpy, False);
	XSetInputFocus(dpy, PointerRoot, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
	XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow]);
}

void
cleanupmon(Monitor *mon)
{
	Monitor *m;

	if (mon == mons)
		mons = mons->next;
	else {
		for (m = mons; m && m->next != mon; m = m->next);
		m->next = mon->next;
	}
	XUnmapWindow(dpy, mon->barwin);
	XDestroyWindow(dpy, mon->barwin);
	free(mon);
}

void
clientmessage(XEvent *e)
{
	XWindowAttributes wa;
	XSetWindowAttributes swa;
	XClientMessageEvent *cme = &e->xclient;
	Client *c = wintoclient(cme->window);

	if (showsystray && systray && cme->window == systray->win && cme->message_type == netatom[NetSystemTrayOP]) {
		/* add systray icons */
		if (cme->data.l[1] == SYSTEM_TRAY_REQUEST_DOCK) {
			if (!(c = (Client *)calloc(1, sizeof(Client))))
				die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Client));
			if (!(c->win = cme->data.l[2])) {
				free(c);
				return;
			}

			c->mon = selmon;
			c->next = systray->icons;
			systray->icons = c;
			XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, c->win, &wa);
			c->x = c->oldx = c->y = c->oldy = 0;
			c->w = c->oldw = wa.width;
			c->h = c->oldh = wa.height;
			c->oldbw = wa.border_width;
			c->bw = 0;
			c->isfloating = True;
			/* reuse tags field as mapped status */
			c->tags = 1;
			updatesizehints(c);
			updatesystrayicongeom(c, wa.width, wa.height);
			XAddToSaveSet(dpy, c->win);
			XSelectInput(dpy, c->win, StructureNotifyMask | PropertyChangeMask | ResizeRedirectMask);
			XClassHint ch = {"dwmsystray", "dwmsystray"};
			XSetClassHint(dpy, c->win, &ch);
			XReparentWindow(dpy, c->win, systray->win, 0, 0);
			/* use parents background color */
			swa.background_pixel = scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBg].pixel;
			XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, c->win, CWBackPixel, &swa);
			sendevent(c->win, netatom[Xembed], StructureNotifyMask, CurrentTime, XEMBED_EMBEDDED_NOTIFY, 0 , systray->win, XEMBED_EMBEDDED_VERSION);
			XSync(dpy, False);
			setclientstate(c, NormalState);
		}
		return;
	}

	if (!c)
		return;
	if (cme->message_type == netatom[NetWMState]) {
		if (cme->data.l[1] == netatom[NetWMFullscreen]
		|| cme->data.l[2] == netatom[NetWMFullscreen]) {
			if (c->fakefullscreen == 2 && c->isfullscreen)
				c->fakefullscreen = 3;
			setfullscreen(c, (cme->data.l[0] == 1 /* _NET_WM_STATE_ADD    */
				|| (cme->data.l[0] == 2 /* _NET_WM_STATE_TOGGLE */ && !c->isfullscreen)));
		}
	} else if (cme->message_type == netatom[NetActiveWindow]) {
		if (c != selmon->sel && !c->isurgent)
			seturgent(c, 1);
	}
}

void
configure(Client *c)
{
	XConfigureEvent ce;

	ce.type = ConfigureNotify;
	ce.display = dpy;
	ce.event = c->win;
	ce.window = c->win;
	ce.x = c->x;
	ce.y = c->y;
	ce.width = c->w;
	ce.height = c->h;
	ce.border_width = c->bw;

	if (noborder(c) && enable_noborder) {
		ce.width += c->bw * 2;
		ce.height += c->bw * 2;
		ce.border_width = 0;
	}

	ce.above = None;
	ce.override_redirect = False;
	XSendEvent(dpy, c->win, False, StructureNotifyMask, (XEvent *)&ce);
}

void
configurenotify(XEvent *e)
{
	Monitor *m;
	Client *c;
	XConfigureEvent *ev = &e->xconfigure;
	int dirty;
	/* TODO: updategeom handling sucks, needs to be simplified */
	if (ev->window == root) {
		dirty = (sw != ev->width || sh != ev->height);
		sw = ev->width;
		sh = ev->height;
		if (updategeom() || dirty) {
			drw_resize(drw, sw, bh);
			updatebars();
			for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
				for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
					if (c->isfullscreen && c->fakefullscreen != 1)
           resizeclient(c, m->mx, m->my, m->mw, m->mh);
				resizebarwin(m);
			}
			arrange(NULL);
			focus(NULL);
		}
	}
}

void
configurerequest(XEvent *e)
{
	Client *c;
	Monitor *m;
	XConfigureRequestEvent *ev = &e->xconfigurerequest;
	XWindowChanges wc;

	if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
		if (ev->value_mask & CWBorderWidth)
			c->bw = ev->border_width;
		else if (c->isfloating || !selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange) {
			m = c->mon;
			if (ev->value_mask & CWX) {
				c->oldx = c->x;
				c->x = m->mx + ev->x;
			}
			if (ev->value_mask & CWY) {
				c->oldy = c->y;
				c->y = m->my + ev->y;
			}
			if (ev->value_mask & CWWidth) {
				c->oldw = c->w;
				c->w = ev->width;
			}
			if (ev->value_mask & CWHeight) {
				c->oldh = c->h;
				c->h = ev->height;
			}
			if ((c->x + c->w) > m->mx + m->mw && c->isfloating)
				c->x = m->mx + (m->mw / 2 - WIDTH(c) / 2);  /* center in x direction */
			if ((c->y + c->h) > m->my + m->mh && c->isfloating)
				c->y = m->my + (m->mh / 2 - HEIGHT(c) / 2); /* center in y direction */
			if ((ev->value_mask & (CWX|CWY)) && !(ev->value_mask & (CWWidth|CWHeight)))
				configure(c);
			if (ISVISIBLE(c))
				XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
		} else
			configure(c);
	} else {
		wc.x = ev->x;
		wc.y = ev->y;
		wc.width = ev->width;
		wc.height = ev->height;
		wc.border_width = ev->border_width;
		wc.sibling = ev->above;
		wc.stack_mode = ev->detail;
		XConfigureWindow(dpy, ev->window, ev->value_mask, &wc);
	}
	XSync(dpy, False);
}

Monitor *
createmon(void)
{
	Monitor *m;
	unsigned int i;

	m = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Monitor));
	m->tagset[0] = m->tagset[1] = 1;
	m->mfact = mfact;
	m->nmaster = nmaster;
	m->showbar = showbar;
	m->topbar = topbar;
	m->lt[0] = &layouts[0];
	m->lt[1] = &layouts[1 % LENGTH(layouts)];
	strncpy(m->ltsymbol, layouts[0].symbol, sizeof m->ltsymbol);
	m->pertag = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Pertag));
	m->pertag->curtag = m->pertag->prevtag = 1;

	for (i = 0; i <= LENGTH(tags); i++) {
		m->pertag->nmasters[i] = m->nmaster;
		m->pertag->mfacts[i] = m->mfact;

		m->pertag->ltidxs[i][0] = m->lt[0];
		m->pertag->ltidxs[i][1] = m->lt[1];
		m->pertag->sellts[i] = m->sellt;

		m->pertag->showbars[i] = m->showbar;
	}

	return m;
}

void
destroynotify(XEvent *e)
{
	Client *c;
	XDestroyWindowEvent *ev = &e->xdestroywindow;

	if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window)))
		unmanage(c, 1);
	else if ((c = swallowingclient(ev->window)))
		unmanage(c->swallowing, 1);
	else if (showsystray && (c = wintosystrayicon(ev->window))) {
		removesystrayicon(c);
		resizebarwin(selmon);
		updatesystray();
	}
}

void
detach(Client *c)
{
	Client **tc;

	for (tc = &c->mon->clients; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->next);
	*tc = c->next;
	c->next = NULL;
}

void
detachstack(Client *c)
{
	Client **tc, *t;

	for (tc = &c->mon->stack; *tc && *tc != c; tc = &(*tc)->snext);
	*tc = c->snext;

	if (c == c->mon->sel) {
		for (t = c->mon->stack; t && !ISVISIBLE(t); t = t->snext);
		c->mon->sel = t;
	}
	c->snext = NULL;
}

Monitor *
dirtomon(int dir)
{
	Monitor *m = NULL;

	if (dir > 0) {
		if (!(m = selmon->next))
			m = mons;
	} else if (selmon == mons)
		for (m = mons; m->next; m = m->next);
	else
		for (m = mons; m->next != selmon; m = m->next);
	return m;
}

void
drawbar(Monitor *m)
{
    // Initialize variables for drawing.
	int x, w, tw = 0, stw = 0; // x: current x position, w: width, tw: text width, stw: systray width
	int boxs = drw->fonts->h / 9; // boxs: size of the indicator box
	int boxw = drw->fonts->h / 6 + 2; // boxw: width of the indicator box
	unsigned int i, occ = 0, urg = 0; // i: iterator, occ: occupied tags, urg: urgent tags
	Client *c;

    // Return immediately if the monitor's showbar flag is not set.
	if (!m->showbar)
		return;

    // Calculate the systray width if the systray is enabled, on the current monitor, and not on the left.
	if(showsystray && m == systraytomon(m) && !systrayonleft)
		stw = getsystraywidth();

	// Draw the status text on the selected monitor.
	if (m == selmon) {
		char *text, *s, ch;
		drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[SchemeNorm]);
		x = 0;
		for (text = s = stext; *s; s++) {
			if ((unsigned char)(*s) < ' ') {
				ch = *s;
				*s = '\0';
				tw = TEXTW(text) - lrpad;
				drw_text(drw, m->ww - statusw - stw + x, 0, tw, bh, 0, text, 0);
				x += tw;
				*s = ch;
				text = s + 1;
			}
		}
		tw = TEXTW(text) - lrpad + 2;
		drw_text(drw, m->ww - statusw - stw + x, 0, tw, bh, 0, text, 0);
		tw = statusw;
	}

    // Resize the bar window to fit the new content.
	resizebarwin(m);

    // Determine which tags are occupied and urgent.
	for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
		occ |= c->tags == TAGMASK ? 0 : c->tags;
		if (c->isurgent)
			urg |= c->tags;
	}

    // Draw tags, indicating the selected, occupied, and urgent tags.
	x = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(tags); i++) {
		/* Do not draw vacant tags */
		if(!(occ & 1 << i || m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i))
			continue;
		w = TEXTW(tags[i]);
		drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[m->tagset[m->seltags] & 1 << i ? SchemeSel : SchemeNorm]);
		drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad / 2, tags[i], urg & 1 << i);
		x += w;
	}

    // Draw the layout symbol.
	w = TEXTW(m->ltsymbol);
	drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[SchemeNorm]);
	x = drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad / 2, m->ltsymbol, 0);

    // Draw the window title or a blank space if no window is selected.
	if ((w = m->ww - tw - stw - x) > bh) {
		if (m->sel) {
			drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[m == selmon ? SchemeSel : SchemeNorm]);
			#if SHOWWINICON
			drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad / 2 + (m->sel->icon ? m->sel->icw + ICONSPACING : 0), m->sel->name, 0);
			if (m->sel->icon) drw_pic(drw, x + lrpad / 2, (bh - m->sel->ich) / 2, m->sel->icw, m->sel->ich, m->sel->icon);
			#else
			drw_text(drw, x, 0, w, bh, lrpad / 2, m->sel->name, 0);
			#endif
			if (m->sel->isfloating)
				drw_rect(drw, x + boxs, boxs, boxw, boxw, m->sel->isfixed, 0);
		} else {
			drw_setscheme(drw, scheme[SchemeNorm]);
			drw_rect(drw, x, 0, w, bh, 1, 1);
		}
	}

    // Map the drawn content to the bar window.
	drw_map(drw, m->barwin, 0, 0, m->ww - stw, bh);
}

void
drawbars(void)
{
	Monitor *m;
	for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
		drawbar(m);
}

void
enternotify(XEvent *e)
{
	Client *c;
	Monitor *m;
	XCrossingEvent *ev = &e->xcrossing;

	if ((ev->mode != NotifyNormal || ev->detail == NotifyInferior) && ev->window != root)
		return;
	c = wintoclient(ev->window);
	m = c ? c->mon : wintomon(ev->window);
	if (m != selmon) {
		unfocus(selmon->sel, 1);
		selmon = m;
	} else if (!c || c == selmon->sel)
		return;
	focus(c);
}

void
expose(XEvent *e)
{
	Monitor *m;
	XExposeEvent *ev = &e->xexpose;

	if (ev->count == 0 && (m = wintomon(ev->window))) {
		drawbar(m);
		if (m == selmon)
			updatesystray();
	}
}

void
focus(Client *c)
{
	if (!c || !ISVISIBLE(c))
		for (c = selmon->stack; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->snext);
	if (selmon->sel && selmon->sel != c)
		unfocus(selmon->sel, 0);
	if (c) {
		if (c->mon != selmon)
			selmon = c->mon;
		if (c->isurgent)
			seturgent(c, 0);
		detachstack(c);
		attachstack(c);
		grabbuttons(c, 1);
		XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, scheme[SchemeSel][ColBorder].pixel);
		setfocus(c);
	} else {
		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
		XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow]);
	}
	selmon->sel = c;
	drawbars();
}

/* there are some broken focus acquiring clients needing extra handling */
void
focusin(XEvent *e)
{
	XFocusChangeEvent *ev = &e->xfocus;

	if (selmon->sel && ev->window != selmon->sel->win)
		setfocus(selmon->sel);
}

void
focusmon(const Arg *arg)
{
	Monitor *m;

	if (!mons->next)
		return;
	if ((m = dirtomon(arg->i)) == selmon)
		return;
	unfocus(selmon->sel, 0);
	selmon = m;
	focus(NULL);
	warp(selmon->sel);
}

void
focusstack(const Arg *arg)
{
	Client *c = NULL, *i;

	if (!selmon->sel || (selmon->sel->isfullscreen && !selmon->sel->fakefullscreen))
		return;
	if (arg->i > 0) {
		for (c = selmon->sel->next; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
		if (!c)
			for (c = selmon->clients; c && !ISVISIBLE(c); c = c->next);
	} else {
		for (i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
			if (ISVISIBLE(i))
				c = i;
		if (!c)
			for (; i; i = i->next)
				if (ISVISIBLE(i))
					c = i;
	}
	if (c) {
		focus(c);
		restack(selmon);
		warp(c);
	}
}

#if SHOWWINICON
void
freeicon(Client *c)
{
	if (c->icon) {
		XRenderFreePicture(dpy, c->icon);
		c->icon = None;
	}
}
#endif

Atom
getatomprop(Client *c, Atom prop)
{
	int di;
	unsigned long dl;
	unsigned char *p = NULL;
	Atom da, atom = None;

	if (XGetWindowProperty(dpy, c->win, prop, 0L, sizeof atom, False, XA_ATOM,
		&da, &di, &dl, &dl, &p) == Success && p) {
		atom = *(Atom *)p;
		if (da == xatom[XembedInfo] && dl == 2)
			atom = ((Atom *)p)[1];
		XFree(p);
	}
	return atom;
}

#if SHOWWINICON
static uint32_t prealpha(uint32_t p) {
	uint8_t a = p >> 24u;
	uint32_t rb = (a * (p & 0xFF00FFu)) >> 8u;
	uint32_t g = (a * (p & 0x00FF00u)) >> 8u;
	return (rb & 0xFF00FFu) | (g & 0x00FF00u) | (a << 24u);
}

Picture
geticonprop(Window win, unsigned int *picw, unsigned int *pich)
{
	int format;
	unsigned long n, extra, *p = NULL;
	Atom real;

	if (XGetWindowProperty(dpy, win, netatom[NetWMIcon], 0L, LONG_MAX, False, AnyPropertyType, 
						   &real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p) != Success)
		return None; 
	if (n == 0 || format != 32) { XFree(p); return None; }

	unsigned long *bstp = NULL;
	uint32_t w, h, sz;
	{
		unsigned long *i; const unsigned long *end = p + n;
		uint32_t bstd = UINT32_MAX, d, m;
		for (i = p; i < end - 1; i += sz) {
			if ((w = *i++) >= 16384 || (h = *i++) >= 16384) { XFree(p); return None; }
			if ((sz = w * h) > end - i) break;
			if ((m = w > h ? w : h) >= ICONSIZE && (d = m - ICONSIZE) < bstd) { bstd = d; bstp = i; }
		}
		if (!bstp) {
			for (i = p; i < end - 1; i += sz) {
				if ((w = *i++) >= 16384 || (h = *i++) >= 16384) { XFree(p); return None; }
				if ((sz = w * h) > end - i) break;
				if ((d = ICONSIZE - (w > h ? w : h)) < bstd) { bstd = d; bstp = i; }
			}
		}
		if (!bstp) { XFree(p); return None; }
	}

	if ((w = *(bstp - 2)) == 0 || (h = *(bstp - 1)) == 0) { XFree(p); return None; }

	uint32_t icw, ich;
	if (w <= h) {
		ich = ICONSIZE; icw = w * ICONSIZE / h;
		if (icw == 0) icw = 1;
	}
	else {
		icw = ICONSIZE; ich = h * ICONSIZE / w;
		if (ich == 0) ich = 1;
	}
	*picw = icw; *pich = ich;

	uint32_t i, *bstp32 = (uint32_t *)bstp;
	for (sz = w * h, i = 0; i < sz; ++i) bstp32[i] = prealpha(bstp[i]);

	Picture ret = drw_picture_create_resized(drw, (char *)bstp, w, h, icw, ich);
	XFree(p);

	return ret;
}

#endif

pid_t
getparentprocess(pid_t p)
{
	unsigned int v = 0;

#ifdef __linux__
	FILE *f;
	char buf[256];
	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "/proc/%u/stat", (unsigned)p);

	if (!(f = fopen(buf, "r")))
		return 0;

	fscanf(f, "%*u %*s %*c %u", &v);
	fclose(f);
#endif /* __linux__*/

#ifdef __OpenBSD__
	int n;
	kvm_t *kd;
	struct kinfo_proc *kp;

	kd = kvm_openfiles(NULL, NULL, NULL, KVM_NO_FILES, NULL);
	if (!kd)
		return 0;

	kp = kvm_getprocs(kd, KERN_PROC_PID, p, sizeof(*kp), &n);
	v = kp->p_ppid;
#endif /* __OpenBSD__ */

	return (pid_t)v;
}

pid_t
getstatusbarpid()
{
	char buf[32], *str = buf, *c;
	FILE *fp;

	if (statuspid > 0) {
		snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%u/cmdline", statuspid);
		if ((fp = fopen(buf, "r"))) {
			fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp);
			while ((c = strchr(str, '/')))
				str = c + 1;
			fclose(fp);
			if (!strcmp(str, STATUSBAR))
				return statuspid;
		}
	}
	if (!(fp = popen("pidof -s "STATUSBAR, "r")))
		return -1;
	fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp);
	pclose(fp);
	return strtol(buf, NULL, 10);
}

int
getrootptr(int *x, int *y)
{
	int di;
	unsigned int dui;
	Window dummy;

	return XQueryPointer(dpy, root, &dummy, &dummy, x, y, &di, &di, &dui);
}

long
getstate(Window w)
{
	int format;
	long result = -1;
	unsigned char *p = NULL;
	unsigned long n, extra;
	Atom real;

	if (XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, wmatom[WMState], 0L, 2L, False, wmatom[WMState],
		&real, &format, &n, &extra, (unsigned char **)&p) != Success)
		return -1;
	if (n != 0)
		result = *p;
	XFree(p);
	return result;
}

unsigned int
getsystraywidth(void)
{
	unsigned int w = 0;
	Client *i;
	if(showsystray)
		for(i = systray->icons; i; w += i->w + systrayspacing, i = i->next) ;
	return w ? w + systrayspacing : 1;
}

int
gettextprop(Window w, Atom atom, char *text, unsigned int size)
{
	char **list = NULL;
	int n;
	XTextProperty name;

	if (!text || size == 0)
		return 0;
	text[0] = '\0';
	if (!XGetTextProperty(dpy, w, &name, atom) || !name.nitems)
		return 0;
	if (name.encoding == XA_STRING) {
		strncpy(text, (char *)name.value, size - 1);
	} else if (XmbTextPropertyToTextList(dpy, &name, &list, &n) >= Success && n > 0 && *list) {
		strncpy(text, *list, size - 1);
		XFreeStringList(list);
	}
	text[size - 1] = '\0';
	XFree(name.value);
	return 1;
}

void
grabbuttons(Client *c, int focused)
{
	updatenumlockmask();
	{
		unsigned int i, j;
		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
		if (!focused)
			XGrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win, False,
				BUTTONMASK, GrabModeSync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
		for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(buttons); i++)
			if (buttons[i].click == ClkClientWin)
				for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
					XGrabButton(dpy, buttons[i].button,
						buttons[i].mask | modifiers[j],
						c->win, False, BUTTONMASK,
						GrabModeAsync, GrabModeSync, None, None);
	}
}

void
grabkeys(void)
{
	updatenumlockmask();
	{
		unsigned int i, j, k;
		unsigned int modifiers[] = { 0, LockMask, numlockmask, numlockmask|LockMask };
		int start, end, skip;
		KeySym *syms;

		XUngrabKey(dpy, AnyKey, AnyModifier, root);
		XDisplayKeycodes(dpy, &start, &end);
		syms = XGetKeyboardMapping(dpy, start, end - start + 1, &skip);
		if (!syms)
			return;
		for (k = start; k <= end; k++)
			for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
				/* skip modifier codes, we do that ourselves */
				if (keys[i].keysym == syms[(k - start) * skip])
					for (j = 0; j < LENGTH(modifiers); j++)
						XGrabKey(dpy, k,
							 keys[i].mod | modifiers[j],
							 root, True,
							 GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync);
		XFree(syms);
	}
}

void
incnmaster(const Arg *arg)
{
	selmon->nmaster = selmon->pertag->nmasters[selmon->pertag->curtag] = MAX(selmon->nmaster + arg->i, 0);
	arrange(selmon);
}

int
isdescprocess(pid_t p, pid_t c)
{
	while (p != c && c != 0)
		c = getparentprocess(c);

	return (int)c;
}

#ifdef XINERAMA
static int
isuniquegeom(XineramaScreenInfo *unique, size_t n, XineramaScreenInfo *info)
{
	while (n--)
		if (unique[n].x_org == info->x_org && unique[n].y_org == info->y_org
		&& unique[n].width == info->width && unique[n].height == info->height)
			return 0;
	return 1;
}
#endif /* XINERAMA */

void
keypress(XEvent *e)
{
	unsigned int i;
	int keysyms_return;
	KeySym* keysym;
	XKeyEvent *ev;

	ev = &e->xkey;
	keysym = XGetKeyboardMapping(dpy, (KeyCode)ev->keycode, 1, &keysyms_return);
	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(keys); i++)
		if (*keysym == keys[i].keysym
				&& CLEANMASK(keys[i].mod) == CLEANMASK(ev->state)
				&& keys[i].func)
			keys[i].func(&(keys[i].arg));
	XFree(keysym);
}

void
killclient(const Arg *arg)
{
	if (!selmon->sel)
		return;

	if (!sendevent(selmon->sel->win, wmatom[WMDelete], NoEventMask, wmatom[WMDelete], CurrentTime, 0 , 0, 0)) {
		XGrabServer(dpy);
		XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
		XSetCloseDownMode(dpy, DestroyAll);
		XKillClient(dpy, selmon->sel->win);
		XSync(dpy, False);
		XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
		XUngrabServer(dpy);
	}
}

void
manage(Window w, XWindowAttributes *wa)
{
	Client *c, *t = NULL, *term = NULL;
	Window trans = None;
	XWindowChanges wc;

	c = ecalloc(1, sizeof(Client));
	c->win = w;
	c->pid = winpid(w);
	/* geometry */
	c->x = c->oldx = wa->x;
	c->y = c->oldy = wa->y;
	c->w = c->oldw = wa->width;
	c->h = c->oldh = wa->height;
	c->oldbw = wa->border_width;
	c->cfact = 1.0;

	#if SHOWWINICON
	updateicon(c);
	#endif
	updatetitle(c);
	if (XGetTransientForHint(dpy, w, &trans) && (t = wintoclient(trans))) {
		c->mon = t->mon;
		c->tags = t->tags;
	} else {
		c->mon = selmon;
		applyrules(c);
		term = termforwin(c);
	}

	if (c->x + WIDTH(c) > c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww)
		c->x = c->mon->wx + c->mon->ww - WIDTH(c);
	if (c->y + HEIGHT(c) > c->mon->wy + c->mon->wh)
		c->y = c->mon->wy + c->mon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
	c->x = MAX(c->x, c->mon->mx);
	c->y = MAX(c->y, c->mon->wy);
	c->bw = borderpx;

	wc.border_width = c->bw;
	XConfigureWindow(dpy, w, CWBorderWidth, &wc);
	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, w, scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBorder].pixel);
	configure(c); /* propagates border_width, if size doesn't change */
	updatewindowtype(c);
	updatesizehints(c);
	updatewmhints(c);
	c->x = c->mon->mx + (c->mon->mw - WIDTH(c)) / 2;
	c->y = c->mon->my + (c->mon->mh - HEIGHT(c)) / 2;
	XSelectInput(dpy, w, EnterWindowMask|FocusChangeMask|PropertyChangeMask|StructureNotifyMask);
	grabbuttons(c, 0);
	if (!c->isfloating)
		c->isfloating = c->oldstate = trans != None || c->isfixed;
	if (c->isfloating)
		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
	attachbottom(c);
	attachstack(c);
	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList], XA_WINDOW, 32, PropModeAppend,
		(unsigned char *) &(c->win), 1);
	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x + 2 * sw, c->y, c->w, c->h); /* some windows require this */
	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
	if (c->mon == selmon)
		unfocus(selmon->sel, 0);
	c->mon->sel = c;
	arrange(c->mon);
	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
	if (term)
		swallow(term, c);
	focus(NULL);
	if (ISVISIBLE(c))
		warp(c);
}

void
mappingnotify(XEvent *e)
{
	XMappingEvent *ev = &e->xmapping;

	XRefreshKeyboardMapping(ev);
	if (ev->request == MappingKeyboard)
		grabkeys();
}

void
maprequest(XEvent *e)
{
	static XWindowAttributes wa;
	XMapRequestEvent *ev = &e->xmaprequest;
	Client *i;
	if (showsystray && systray && (i = wintosystrayicon(ev->window))) {
		sendevent(i->win, netatom[Xembed], StructureNotifyMask, CurrentTime, XEMBED_WINDOW_ACTIVATE, 0, systray->win, XEMBED_EMBEDDED_VERSION);
		resizebarwin(selmon);
		updatesystray();
	}

	if (!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, ev->window, &wa) || wa.override_redirect)
		return;
	if (!wintoclient(ev->window))
		manage(ev->window, &wa);
}

void
monocle(Monitor *m)
{
	int w, h, x, y;
	Client *c;
	
	for (c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
		x = m->wx;
		y = m->wy;
		w = m->ww - 2 * c->bw;
		h = m->wh - 2 * c->bw;
		applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h, 0);
		resizeclient(c, x, y, w, h);
	}
}

void
motionnotify(XEvent *e)
{
	static Monitor *mon = NULL;
	Monitor *m;
	XMotionEvent *ev = &e->xmotion;

	if (ev->window != root)
		return;
	if ((m = recttomon(ev->x_root, ev->y_root, 1, 1)) != mon && mon) {
		unfocus(selmon->sel, 1);
		selmon = m;
		focus(NULL);
	}
	mon = m;
}

void
moveorplace(const Arg *arg) {
	if ((!selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || (selmon->sel && selmon->sel->isfloating)))
		movemouse(arg);
	else
		placemouse(arg);
}

void
movemouse(const Arg *arg)
{
	int x, y, ocx, ocy, nx, ny;
	Client *c;
	Monitor *m;
	XEvent ev;
	Time lasttime = 0;

	if (!(c = selmon->sel))
		return;
	if (c->isfullscreen && c->fakefullscreen != 1) /* no support moving fullscreen windows by mouse */
		return;
	restack(selmon);
	nx = ocx = c->x;
	ny = ocy = c->y;
	if (XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
		None, cursor[CurMove]->cursor, CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
		return;
	if (!getrootptr(&x, &y))
		return;
	do {
		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
		switch(ev.type) {
		case ConfigureRequest:
		case Expose:
		case MapRequest:
			handler[ev.type](&ev);
			break;
		case MotionNotify:
			if ((ev.xmotion.time - lasttime) <= (1000 / refresh_rate))
				continue;
			lasttime = ev.xmotion.time;

			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);
			if (abs(selmon->wx - nx) < snap)
				nx = selmon->wx;
			else if (abs((selmon->wx + selmon->ww) - (nx + WIDTH(c))) < snap)
				nx = selmon->wx + selmon->ww - WIDTH(c);
			if (abs(selmon->wy - ny) < snap)
				ny = selmon->wy;
			else if (abs((selmon->wy + selmon->wh) - (ny + HEIGHT(c))) < snap)
				ny = selmon->wy + selmon->wh - HEIGHT(c);
			if (!c->isfloating && selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
			&& (abs(nx - c->x) > snap || abs(ny - c->y) > snap))
				togglefloating(NULL);
			if (!selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating)
				resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, 1);
			break;
		}
	} while (ev.type != ButtonRelease);
	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
	if ((m = recttomon(c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h)) != selmon) {
		sendmon(c, m);
		selmon = m;
		focus(NULL);
	}
}

void
movestack(const Arg *arg) {
	Client *c = NULL, *p = NULL, *pc = NULL, *i;

	if(arg->i > 0) {
		/* find the client after selmon->sel */
		for(c = selmon->sel->next; c && (!ISVISIBLE(c) || c->isfloating); c = c->next);
		if(!c)
			for(c = selmon->clients; c && (!ISVISIBLE(c) || c->isfloating); c = c->next);

	}
	else {
		/* find the client before selmon->sel */
		for(i = selmon->clients; i != selmon->sel; i = i->next)
			if(ISVISIBLE(i) && !i->isfloating)
				c = i;
		if(!c)
			for(; i; i = i->next)
				if(ISVISIBLE(i) && !i->isfloating)
					c = i;
	}
	/* find the client before selmon->sel and c */
	for(i = selmon->clients; i && (!p || !pc); i = i->next) {
		if(i->next == selmon->sel)
			p = i;
		if(i->next == c)
			pc = i;
	}

	/* swap c and selmon->sel selmon->clients in the selmon->clients list */
	if(c && c != selmon->sel) {
		Client *temp = selmon->sel->next==c?selmon->sel:selmon->sel->next;
		selmon->sel->next = c->next==selmon->sel?c:c->next;
		c->next = temp;

		if(p && p != c)
			p->next = c;
		if(pc && pc != selmon->sel)
			pc->next = selmon->sel;

		if(selmon->sel == selmon->clients)
			selmon->clients = c;
		else if(c == selmon->clients)
			selmon->clients = selmon->sel;

		arrange(selmon);
	}

	warp(NULL);
}

Client *
nexttiled(Client *c)
{
	for (; c && (c->isfloating || !ISVISIBLE(c)); c = c->next);
	return c;
}

int
noborder(Client *c)
{
	int monocle_layout = 0;

	if (&monocle == c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange)
		monocle_layout = 1;

	if (!monocle_layout && (nexttiled(c->mon->clients) != c || nexttiled(c->next)))
		return 0;

	if (c->isfloating)
		return 0;

	if (!c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange)
		return 0;

	if (c->fakefullscreen != 1 && c->isfullscreen)
		return 0;

	return 1;
}

void
placemouse(const Arg *arg)
{
	int x, y, px, py, ocx, ocy, nx = -9999, ny = -9999, freemove = 0;
	Client *c, *r = NULL, *at, *prevr;
	Monitor *m;
	XEvent ev;
	XWindowAttributes wa;
	Time lasttime = 0;
	int attachmode, prevattachmode;
	attachmode = prevattachmode = -1;

	if (!(c = selmon->sel) || !c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange) /* no support for placemouse when floating layout is used */
		return;
	if (c->isfullscreen) /* no support placing fullscreen windows by mouse */
		return;
	restack(selmon);
	prevr = c;
	if (XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
		None, cursor[CurMove]->cursor, CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
		return;

	c->isfloating = 0;
	c->beingmoved = 1;

	XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, c->win, &wa);
	ocx = wa.x;
	ocy = wa.y;

	if (arg->i == 2) // warp cursor to client center
		XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, WIDTH(c) / 2, HEIGHT(c) / 2);

	if (!getrootptr(&x, &y))
		return;

	do {
		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
		switch (ev.type) {
		case ConfigureRequest:
		case Expose:
		case MapRequest:
			handler[ev.type](&ev);
			break;
		case MotionNotify:
			if ((ev.xmotion.time - lasttime) <= (1000 / refresh_rate))
				continue;
			lasttime = ev.xmotion.time;

			nx = ocx + (ev.xmotion.x - x);
			ny = ocy + (ev.xmotion.y - y);

			if (!freemove && (abs(nx - ocx) > snap || abs(ny - ocy) > snap))
				freemove = 1;

			if (freemove)
				XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, nx, ny);

			if ((m = recttomon(ev.xmotion.x, ev.xmotion.y, 1, 1)) && m != selmon)
				selmon = m;

			if (arg->i == 1) { // tiled position is relative to the client window center point
				px = nx + wa.width / 2;
				py = ny + wa.height / 2;
			} else { // tiled position is relative to the mouse cursor
				px = ev.xmotion.x;
				py = ev.xmotion.y;
			}

			r = recttoclient(px, py, 1, 1);

			if (!r || r == c)
				break;

			if ((((float)(r->y + r->h - py) / r->h) > ((float)(r->x + r->w - px) / r->w)
			    	&& (abs(r->y - py) < r->h / 2)) || (abs(r->x - px) < r->w / 2))
				attachmode = 1; // above
			else
				attachmode = 0; // below

			if ((r && r != prevr) || (attachmode != prevattachmode)) {
				detachstack(c);
				detach(c);
				if (c->mon != r->mon) {
					arrangemon(c->mon);
					c->tags = r->mon->tagset[r->mon->seltags];
				}

				c->mon = r->mon;
				r->mon->sel = r;

				if (attachmode) {
					if (r == r->mon->clients)
						attach(c);
					else {
						for (at = r->mon->clients; at->next != r; at = at->next);
						c->next = at->next;
						at->next = c;
					}
				} else {
					c->next = r->next;
					r->next = c;
				}

				attachstack(c);
				arrangemon(r->mon);
				prevr = r;
				prevattachmode = attachmode;
			}
			break;
		}
	} while (ev.type != ButtonRelease);
	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);

	if ((m = recttomon(ev.xmotion.x, ev.xmotion.y, 1, 1)) && m != c->mon) {
		detach(c);
		detachstack(c);
		arrangemon(c->mon);
		c->mon = m;
		c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags];
		attach(c);
		attachstack(c);
		selmon = m;
	}

	focus(c);
	c->beingmoved = 0;

	if (nx != -9999)
		resize(c, nx, ny, c->w, c->h, 0);
	arrangemon(c->mon);
}

void
pop(Client *c)
{
	detach(c);
	attach(c);
	focus(c);
	arrange(c->mon);
}

void
propertynotify(XEvent *e)
{
	Client *c;
	Window trans;
	XPropertyEvent *ev = &e->xproperty;

	if (showsystray && (c = wintosystrayicon(ev->window))) {
		if (ev->atom == XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS) {
			updatesizehints(c);
			updatesystrayicongeom(c, c->w, c->h);
		}
		else
			updatesystrayiconstate(c, ev);
		resizebarwin(selmon);
		updatesystray();
	}

	if ((ev->window == root) && (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME)) {
		updatestatus();
	} else if (ev->state == PropertyDelete) {
		return; /* ignore */
	} else if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
		switch(ev->atom) {
		default: break;
		case XA_WM_TRANSIENT_FOR:
			if (!c->isfloating && (XGetTransientForHint(dpy, c->win, &trans)) &&
				(c->isfloating = (wintoclient(trans)) != NULL))
				arrange(c->mon);
			break;
		case XA_WM_NORMAL_HINTS:
			updatesizehints(c);
			break;
		case XA_WM_HINTS:
			updatewmhints(c);
			drawbars();
			break;
		}
		if (ev->atom == XA_WM_NAME || ev->atom == netatom[NetWMName]) {
			updatetitle(c);
			if (c == c->mon->sel)
				drawbar(c->mon);
		}
		#if SHOWWINICON
		else if (ev->atom == netatom[NetWMIcon]) {
			updateicon(c);
			if (c == c->mon->sel)
				drawbar(c->mon);
		}
		#endif
	}
}

void
quit(const Arg *arg)
{
	running = 0;
}

Client *
recttoclient(int x, int y, int w, int h)
{
	Client *c, *r = NULL;
	int a, area = 0;

	for (c = nexttiled(selmon->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next)) {
		if ((a = INTERSECTC(x, y, w, h, c)) > area) {
			area = a;
			r = c;
		}
	}
	return r;
}

Monitor *
recttomon(int x, int y, int w, int h)
{
	Monitor *m, *r = selmon;
	int a, area = 0;

	for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
		if ((a = INTERSECT(x, y, w, h, m)) > area) {
			area = a;
			r = m;
		}
	return r;
}

void
removesystrayicon(Client *i)
{
	Client **ii;

	if (!showsystray || !i)
		return;
	for (ii = &systray->icons; *ii && *ii != i; ii = &(*ii)->next);
	if (ii)
		*ii = i->next;
	XReparentWindow(dpy, i->win, root, 0, 0);
	free(i);
}

void
resize(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h, int interact)
{
	if (applysizehints(c, &x, &y, &w, &h, interact))
		resizeclient(c, x, y, w, h);
}

void
resizebarwin(Monitor *m) {
	unsigned int w = m->ww;
	if (showsystray && m == systraytomon(m) && !systrayonleft)
		w -= getsystraywidth();
	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, m->barwin, m->wx, m->by, w, bh);
}

void
resizeclient(Client *c, int x, int y, int w, int h)
{
	XWindowChanges wc;

	c->oldx = c->x; c->x = wc.x = x;
	c->oldy = c->y; c->y = wc.y = y;
	c->oldw = c->w; c->w = wc.width = w;
	c->oldh = c->h; c->h = wc.height = h;
	wc.border_width = c->bw;
	if (noborder(c) && enable_noborder) {
		wc.width += c->bw * 2;
		wc.height += c->bw * 2;
		wc.border_width = 0;
	}
	XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWBorderWidth, &wc);
	configure(c);
	XSync(dpy, False);
}

void
resizemouse(const Arg *arg)
{
	int ocx, ocy, nw, nh, nx, ny;
	int opx, opy, och, ocw;
	int horizcorner, vertcorner;
	unsigned int dui;
	Window dummy;
	Client *c;
	Monitor *m;
	XEvent ev;
	Time lasttime = 0;

	if (!(c = selmon->sel))
		return;
	if (c->isfullscreen && c->fakefullscreen != 1) /* no support resizing fullscreen windows by mouse */
		return;
	restack(selmon);
	nx = ocx = c->x;
	ny = ocy = c->y;
	nh = c->h;
	nw = c->w;
	och = c->h;
	ocw = c->w;
	if (!XQueryPointer(dpy, c->win, &dummy, &dummy, &opx, &opy, &nx, &ny, &dui))
		return;
	horizcorner = nx < c->w / 2;
	vertcorner  = ny < c->h / 2;
	if (XGrabPointer(dpy, root, False, MOUSEMASK, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync,
		None, cursor[horizcorner | (vertcorner << 1)]->cursor, CurrentTime) != GrabSuccess)
		return;
	do {
		XMaskEvent(dpy, MOUSEMASK|ExposureMask|SubstructureRedirectMask, &ev);
		switch(ev.type) {
		case ConfigureRequest:
		case Expose:
		case MapRequest:
			handler[ev.type](&ev);
			break;
		case MotionNotify:
			if ((ev.xmotion.time - lasttime) <= (1000 / refresh_rate))
				continue;
			lasttime = ev.xmotion.time;

			nx = horizcorner ? (ocx + ev.xmotion.x - opx) : c->x;
			ny = vertcorner ? (ocy + ev.xmotion.y - opy) : c->y;
			nw = MAX(horizcorner ? (ocx + ocw - nx) : (ocw + (ev.xmotion.x - opx)), 1);
			nh = MAX(vertcorner ? (ocy + och - ny) : (och + (ev.xmotion.y - opy)), 1);
			if (c->mon->wx + nw >= selmon->wx && c->mon->wx + nw <= selmon->wx + selmon->ww
			&& c->mon->wy + nh >= selmon->wy && c->mon->wy + nh <= selmon->wy + selmon->wh)
			{
				if (!c->isfloating && selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange
				&& (abs(nw - c->w) > snap || abs(nh - c->h) > snap)) {
					togglefloating(NULL);
				}
			}
			if (!selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating) {
				resize(c, nx, ny, nw, nh, 1);
			}
			break;
		}
	} while (ev.type != ButtonRelease);
	XUngrabPointer(dpy, CurrentTime);
	while (XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
	if ((m = recttomon(c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h)) != selmon) {
		sendmon(c, m);
		selmon = m;
		focus(NULL);
	}
}

void
resizerequest(XEvent *e)
{
	XResizeRequestEvent *ev = &e->xresizerequest;
	Client *i;

	if ((i = wintosystrayicon(ev->window))) {
		updatesystrayicongeom(i, ev->width, ev->height);
		resizebarwin(selmon);
		updatesystray();
	}
}

void
restack(Monitor *m)
{
	Client *c;
	XEvent ev;
	XWindowChanges wc;

	drawbar(m);
	if (!m->sel)
		return;
	if (m->sel->isfloating || !m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange)
		XRaiseWindow(dpy, m->sel->win);
	if (m->lt[m->sellt]->arrange) {
		wc.stack_mode = Below;
		wc.sibling = m->barwin;
		for (c = m->stack; c; c = c->snext)
			if (!c->isfloating && ISVISIBLE(c)) {
				XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
				wc.sibling = c->win;
			}
	}
	XSync(dpy, False);
	while (XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
}

void
run(void)
{
	XEvent ev;
	/* main event loop */
	XSync(dpy, False);
	while (running && !XNextEvent(dpy, &ev))
		if (handler[ev.type])
			handler[ev.type](&ev); /* call handler */
}

void
runautostart(void)
{
	char *pathpfx;
	char *path;
	char *xdgdatahome;
	char *home;
	struct stat sb;

	if ((home = getenv("HOME")) == NULL)
		/* this is almost impossible */
		return;

	/* if $XDG_DATA_HOME is set and not empty, use $XDG_DATA_HOME/dwm,
	 * otherwise use ~/.local/share/dwm as autostart script directory
	 */
	xdgdatahome = getenv("XDG_DATA_HOME");
	if (xdgdatahome != NULL && *xdgdatahome != '\0') {
		/* space for path segments, separators and nul */
		pathpfx = ecalloc(1, strlen(xdgdatahome) + strlen(dwmdir) + 2);

		if (sprintf(pathpfx, "%s/%s", xdgdatahome, dwmdir) <= 0) {
			free(pathpfx);
			return;
		}
	} else {
		/* space for path segments, separators and nul */
		pathpfx = ecalloc(1, strlen(home) + strlen(localshare)
							 + strlen(dwmdir) + 3);

		if (sprintf(pathpfx, "%s/%s/%s", home, localshare, dwmdir) < 0) {
			free(pathpfx);
			return;
		}
	}

	/* check if the autostart script directory exists */
	if (! (stat(pathpfx, &sb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode))) {
		/* the XDG conformant path does not exist or is no directory
		 * so we try ~/.dwm instead
		 */
		char *pathpfx_new = realloc(pathpfx, strlen(home) + strlen(dwmdir) + 3);
		if(pathpfx_new == NULL) {
			free(pathpfx);
			return;
		}
		pathpfx = pathpfx_new;

		if (sprintf(pathpfx, "%s/.%s", home, dwmdir) <= 0) {
			free(pathpfx);
			return;
		}
	}

	/* try the blocking script first */
	path = ecalloc(1, strlen(pathpfx) + strlen(autostartblocksh) + 2);
	if (sprintf(path, "%s/%s", pathpfx, autostartblocksh) <= 0) {
		free(path);
		free(pathpfx);
	}

	if (access(path, X_OK) == 0)
		system(path);

	/* now the non-blocking script */
	if (sprintf(path, "%s/%s", pathpfx, autostartsh) <= 0) {
		free(path);
		free(pathpfx);
	}

	if (access(path, X_OK) == 0)
		system(strcat(path, " &"));

	free(pathpfx);
	free(path);
}

void
scan(void)
{
	unsigned int i, num;
	Window d1, d2, *wins = NULL;
	XWindowAttributes wa;

	if (XQueryTree(dpy, root, &d1, &d2, &wins, &num)) {
		for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			if (!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa)
			|| wa.override_redirect || XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1))
				continue;
			if (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState)
				manage(wins[i], &wa);
		}
		for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { /* now the transients */
			if (!XGetWindowAttributes(dpy, wins[i], &wa))
				continue;
			if (XGetTransientForHint(dpy, wins[i], &d1)
			&& (wa.map_state == IsViewable || getstate(wins[i]) == IconicState))
				manage(wins[i], &wa);
		}
		XFree(wins);
	}

	/* We may have last run manage() on a window that isn't visible. To be
	 * deterministic on startup, place focus/warp on current master if any
	 * client exists. */
	warp(nexttiled(selmon->clients));
}

void
sendmon(Client *c, Monitor *m)
{
	if (c->mon == m)
		return;
	unfocus(c, 1);
	detach(c);
	detachstack(c);
	c->mon = m;
	c->tags = m->tagset[m->seltags]; /* assign tags of target monitor */
	attachbottom(c);
	attachstack(c);
	arrange(NULL);
	focus(NULL);
}

void
setclientstate(Client *c, long state)
{
	long data[] = { state, None };

	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, wmatom[WMState], wmatom[WMState], 32,
		PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)data, 2);
}

int
sendevent(Window w, Atom proto, int mask, long d0, long d1, long d2, long d3, long d4)
{
	int n;
	Atom *protocols;
	Atom mt;
	int exists = 0;
	XEvent ev;

	if (proto == wmatom[WMTakeFocus] || proto == wmatom[WMDelete]) {
		mt = wmatom[WMProtocols];
		if (XGetWMProtocols(dpy, w, &protocols, &n)) {
			while (!exists && n--)
				exists = protocols[n] == proto;
			XFree(protocols);
		}
	} else {
		exists = True;
		mt = proto;
	}

	if (exists) {
		ev.type = ClientMessage;
		ev.xclient.window = w;
		ev.xclient.message_type = mt;
		ev.xclient.format = 32;
		ev.xclient.data.l[0] = d0;
		ev.xclient.data.l[1] = d1;
		ev.xclient.data.l[2] = d2;
		ev.xclient.data.l[3] = d3;
		ev.xclient.data.l[4] = d4;
		XSendEvent(dpy, w, False, mask, &ev);
	}
	return exists;
}

void
setfocus(Client *c)
{
	if (!c->neverfocus) {
		XSetInputFocus(dpy, c->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
		XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow],
			XA_WINDOW, 32, PropModeReplace,
			(unsigned char *) &(c->win), 1);
	}
	sendevent(c->win, wmatom[WMTakeFocus], NoEventMask, wmatom[WMTakeFocus], CurrentTime, 0, 0, 0);
}

void
setfullscreen(Client *c, int fullscreen)
{
	XEvent ev;
	int savestate = 0, restorestate = 0;

	if ((c->fakefullscreen == 0 && fullscreen && !c->isfullscreen) // normal fullscreen
			|| (c->fakefullscreen == 2 && fullscreen)) // fake fullscreen --> actual fullscreen
		savestate = 1; // go actual fullscreen
	else if ((c->fakefullscreen == 0 && !fullscreen && c->isfullscreen) // normal fullscreen exit
			|| (c->fakefullscreen >= 2 && !fullscreen)) // fullscreen exit --> fake fullscreen
		restorestate = 1; // go back into tiled

	/* If leaving fullscreen and the window was previously fake fullscreen (2), then restore
	 * that while staying in fullscreen. The exception to this is if we are in said state, but
	 * the client itself disables fullscreen (3) then we let the client go out of fullscreen
	 * while keeping fake fullscreen enabled (as otherwise there will be a mismatch between the
	 * client and the window manager's perception of the client's fullscreen state). */
	if (c->fakefullscreen == 2 && !fullscreen && c->isfullscreen) {
		c->fakefullscreen = 1;
		c->isfullscreen = 1;
		fullscreen = 1;
	} else if (c->fakefullscreen == 3) // client exiting actual fullscreen
		c->fakefullscreen = 1;

	if (fullscreen != c->isfullscreen) { // only send property change if necessary
		if (fullscreen)
			XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, netatom[NetWMState], XA_ATOM, 32,
				PropModeReplace, (unsigned char*)&netatom[NetWMFullscreen], 1);
		else
			XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, netatom[NetWMState], XA_ATOM, 32,
				PropModeReplace, (unsigned char*)0, 0);
	}

	c->isfullscreen = fullscreen;

	/* Some clients, e.g. firefox, will send a client message informing the window manager
	 * that it is going into fullscreen after receiving the above signal. This has the side
	 * effect of this function (setfullscreen) sometimes being called twice when toggling
	 * fullscreen on and off via the window manager as opposed to the application itself.
	 * To protect against obscure issues where the client settings are stored or restored
	 * when they are not supposed to we add an additional bit-lock on the old state so that
	 * settings can only be stored and restored in that precise order. */
	if (savestate && !(c->oldstate & (1 << 1))) {
		c->oldbw = c->bw;
		c->oldstate = c->isfloating | (1 << 1);
		c->bw = 0;
		c->isfloating = 1;
		resizeclient(c, c->mon->mx, c->mon->my, c->mon->mw, c->mon->mh);
		XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
	} else if (restorestate && (c->oldstate & (1 << 1))) {
		c->bw = c->oldbw;
		c->isfloating = c->oldstate = c->oldstate & 1;
		c->x = c->oldx;
		c->y = c->oldy;
		c->w = c->oldw;
		c->h = c->oldh;
		resizeclient(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
		restack(c->mon);
	} else
		resizeclient(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);

	/* Exception: if the client was in actual fullscreen and we exit out to fake fullscreen
	 * mode, then the focus would sometimes drift to whichever window is under the mouse cursor
	 * at the time. To avoid this we ask X for all EnterNotify events and just ignore them.
	 */
	if (!c->isfullscreen)
		while (XCheckMaskEvent(dpy, EnterWindowMask, &ev));
}

Layout *last_layout;

void
fullscreen(const Arg *arg)
{
	int monocle_pos = 0;
	if (selmon->showbar || last_layout == NULL) {
		for (monocle_pos = 0, last_layout = (Layout *)layouts; !last_layout->arrange || last_layout->arrange != &monocle; monocle_pos++, last_layout++ );
		for (last_layout = (Layout *)layouts; last_layout != selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]; last_layout++);
		setlayout(&((Arg) { .v = &layouts[monocle_pos] }));
	} else {
		setlayout(&((Arg) { .v = last_layout }));
	}
	togglebar(arg);
}

void
setlayout(const Arg *arg)
{
	if (!arg || !arg->v || arg->v != selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]) {
		selmon->pertag->sellts[selmon->pertag->curtag] ^= 1;
		selmon->sellt = selmon->pertag->sellts[selmon->pertag->curtag];
	}
	if (arg && arg->v)
		selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt] = (Layout *)arg->v;
	selmon->lt[selmon->sellt] = selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt];

	strncpy(selmon->ltsymbol, selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->symbol, sizeof selmon->ltsymbol);
	if (selmon->sel)
		arrange(selmon);
	else
		drawbar(selmon);
}

void
setcfact(const Arg *arg)
{
	float f;
	Client *c;

	c = selmon->sel;

	if (!arg || !c || !selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
		return;
	if (!arg->f)
		f = 1.0;
	else if (arg->f > 4.0) // set fact absolutely
		f = arg->f - 4.0;
	else
		f = arg->f + c->cfact;
	if (f < 0.25)
		f = 0.25;
	else if (f > 4.0)
		f = 4.0;
	c->cfact = f;
	arrange(selmon);
}

/* arg > 1.0 will set mfact absolutely */
void
setmfact(const Arg *arg)
{
	float f;

	if (!arg || !selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange)
		return;
	f = arg->f < 1.0 ? arg->f + selmon->mfact : arg->f - 1.0;
	if (f < 0.05 || f > 0.95)
		return;
	selmon->mfact = selmon->pertag->mfacts[selmon->pertag->curtag] = f;
	arrange(selmon);
}

void
setup(void)
{
	int i;
	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
	Atom utf8string;
	/* clean up any zombies immediately */
	sigchld(0);

	/* the one line of bloat that would have saved a lot of time for a lot of people */
	putenv("_JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING=1");

	/* init screen */
	screen = DefaultScreen(dpy);
	sw = DisplayWidth(dpy, screen);
	sh = DisplayHeight(dpy, screen);
	root = RootWindow(dpy, screen);
	drw = drw_create(dpy, screen, root, sw, sh);
	if (!drw_fontset_create(drw, fonts, LENGTH(fonts)))
		die("no fonts could be loaded.");
	lrpad = drw->fonts->h;
	bh = drw->fonts->h + 2;
	updategeom();
	/* init atoms */
	utf8string = XInternAtom(dpy, "UTF8_STRING", False);
	wmatom[WMProtocols] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_PROTOCOLS", False);
	wmatom[WMDelete] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_DELETE_WINDOW", False);
	wmatom[WMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_STATE", False);
	wmatom[WMTakeFocus] = XInternAtom(dpy, "WM_TAKE_FOCUS", False);
	netatom[NetActiveWindow] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW", False);
	netatom[NetSupported] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTED", False);
	netatom[NetSystemTray] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_S0", False);
	netatom[NetSystemTrayOP] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_OPCODE", False);
	netatom[NetSystemTrayOrientation] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_ORIENTATION", False);
	netatom[NetSystemTrayOrientationHorz] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SYSTEM_TRAY_ORIENTATION_HORZ", False);
	netatom[NetWMName] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_NAME", False);
	#if SHOWWINICON
	netatom[NetWMIcon] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_ICON", False);
	#endif
	netatom[NetWMState] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_STATE", False);
	netatom[NetWMCheck] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_SUPPORTING_WM_CHECK", False);
	netatom[NetWMFullscreen] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN", False);
	netatom[NetWMWindowType] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE", False);
	netatom[NetWMWindowTypeDialog] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG", False);
	netatom[NetClientList] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_CLIENT_LIST", False);
	xatom[Manager] = XInternAtom(dpy, "MANAGER", False);
	xatom[Xembed] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_XEMBED", False);
	xatom[XembedInfo] = XInternAtom(dpy, "_XEMBED_INFO", False);
	/* init cursors */
	cursor[CurNormal] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_left_ptr);
	cursor[CurResize] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_sizing);
	cursor[CurResizeBR] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_bottom_right_corner);
	cursor[CurResizeBL] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_bottom_left_corner);
	cursor[CurResizeTR] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_top_right_corner);
	cursor[CurResizeTL] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_top_left_corner);
	cursor[CurMove] = drw_cur_create(drw, XC_fleur);
	/* init appearance */
	scheme = ecalloc(LENGTH(colors), sizeof(Clr *));
	for (i = 0; i < LENGTH(colors); i++)
		scheme[i] = drw_scm_create(drw, colors[i], 3);
	/* init system tray */
	updatesystray();
	/* init bars */
	updatebars();
	updatestatus();
	/* supporting window for NetWMCheck */
	wmcheckwin = XCreateSimpleWindow(dpy, root, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0);
	XChangeProperty(dpy, wmcheckwin, netatom[NetWMCheck], XA_WINDOW, 32,
		PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) &wmcheckwin, 1);
	XChangeProperty(dpy, wmcheckwin, netatom[NetWMName], utf8string, 8,
		PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) "dwm", 3);
	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetWMCheck], XA_WINDOW, 32,
		PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) &wmcheckwin, 1);
	/* EWMH support per view */
	XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetSupported], XA_ATOM, 32,
		PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *) netatom, NetLast);
	XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList]);
	/* select events */
	wa.cursor = cursor[CurNormal]->cursor;
	wa.event_mask = SubstructureRedirectMask|SubstructureNotifyMask
		|ButtonPressMask|PointerMotionMask|EnterWindowMask
		|LeaveWindowMask|StructureNotifyMask|PropertyChangeMask;
	XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, root, CWEventMask|CWCursor, &wa);
	XSelectInput(dpy, root, wa.event_mask);
	grabkeys();
	focus(NULL);
}

void
seturgent(Client *c, int urg)
{
	XWMHints *wmh;

	c->isurgent = urg;
	if (!(wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win)))
		return;
	wmh->flags = urg ? (wmh->flags | XUrgencyHint) : (wmh->flags & ~XUrgencyHint);
	XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
	XFree(wmh);
}

void
showhide(Client *c)
{
	if (!c)
		return;
	if (ISVISIBLE(c)) {
		/* show clients top down */
		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y);
		if ((!c->mon->lt[c->mon->sellt]->arrange || c->isfloating) && !c->isfullscreen)
			resize(c, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h, 0);
		showhide(c->snext);
	} else {
		/* hide clients bottom up */
		showhide(c->snext);
		XMoveWindow(dpy, c->win, WIDTH(c) * -2, c->y);
	}
}

void
sigchld(int unused)
{
	pid_t pid;

	if (signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld) == SIG_ERR)
		die("can't install SIGCHLD handler:");

	while (0 < (pid = waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG))) {
		pid_t *p, *lim;

		if (!(p = autostart_pids))
			continue;
		lim = &p[autostart_len];

		for (; p < lim; p++) {
			if (*p == pid) {
				*p = -1;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

void
sigstatusbar(const Arg *arg)
{
	union sigval sv;

	if (!statussig)
		return;
	sv.sival_int = arg->i;
	if ((statuspid = getstatusbarpid()) <= 0)
		return;

	sigqueue(statuspid, SIGRTMIN+statussig, sv);
}

int
swallow(Client *p, Client *c)
{
	if (c->noswallow > 0)
		return 0;
	if (!swallowfloating && c->isfloating)
		return 0;

	detach(c);
	detachstack(c);

	setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
	XUnmapWindow(dpy, p->win);

	p->swallowing = c;
	c->mon = p->mon;

	Window w = p->win;
	p->win = c->win;
	c->win = w;

	#if SHOWWINICON
	Window icon = p->icon;
	p->icon = c->icon;
	c->icon = icon;
	int icw = p->icw;
	p->icw = c->icw;
	c->icw = icw;
	int ich = p->ich;
	p->ich = c->ich;
	c->ich = ich;
	#endif

	XChangeProperty(dpy, c->win, netatom[NetClientList], XA_WINDOW, 32, PropModeReplace,
		(unsigned char *) &(p->win), 1);

	updatetitle(p);
	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, p->win, p->x, p->y, p->w, p->h);
	arrange(p->mon);
	configure(p);
	XMapWindow(dpy, p->win);
	updateclientlist();
	return 1;
}

Client *
swallowingclient(Window w)
{
	Client *c;
	Monitor *m;

	for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
		for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
			if (c->swallowing && c->swallowing->win == w)
				return c;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

extern char **environ;

void
spawn(const Arg *arg)
{
	posix_spawnp(NULL, ((char **)arg->v)[0], NULL, NULL, (char **)arg->v, environ);
}

void
tag(const Arg *arg)
{
	if (selmon->sel && arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
		selmon->sel->tags = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
		view(arg);
	}
}

void
tagmon(const Arg *arg)
{
	Client *c = selmon->sel;
	if (!c || !mons->next)
		return;
	if (c->isfullscreen) {
		c->isfullscreen = 0;
		sendmon(c, dirtomon(arg->i));
		c->isfullscreen = 1;
		if (c->fakefullscreen != 1) {
			resizeclient(c, c->mon->mx, c->mon->my, c->mon->mw, c->mon->mh);
			XRaiseWindow(dpy, c->win);
		}
	} else
		sendmon(c, dirtomon(arg->i));
}

Client *
termforwin(const Client *w)
{
	Client *c;
	Monitor *m;

	if (!w->pid || w->isterminal)
		return NULL;

	for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
		for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next) {
			if (c->isterminal && !c->swallowing && c->pid && isdescprocess(c->pid, w->pid))
				return c;
		}
	}

	return NULL;
}

void
getfacts(Monitor *m, int msize, int ssize, float *mf, float *sf, int *mr, int *sr)
{
	unsigned int n;
	float mfacts = 0, sfacts = 0;
	int mtotal = 0, stotal = 0;
	Client *c;

	for (n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++)
		if (n < m->nmaster)
			mfacts += c->cfact;
		else
			sfacts += c->cfact;

	for (n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++)
		if (n < m->nmaster)
			mtotal += msize * (c->cfact / mfacts);
		else
			stotal += ssize * (c->cfact / sfacts);

	*mf = mfacts; // total factor of master area
	*sf = sfacts; // total factor of stack area
	*mr = msize - mtotal; // the remainder (rest) of pixels after a cfacts master split
	*sr = ssize - stotal; // the remainder (rest) of pixels after a cfacts stack split
}

static void
tile(Monitor *m)
{
	unsigned int i, n;
	int mx = 0, my = 0, mh = 0, mw = 0;
	int sx = 0, sy = 0, sh = 0, sw = 0;
	float mfacts, sfacts;
	int mrest, srest;
	Client *c;

	for (n = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), n++);

	if (n == 0)
		return;

	sx = mx = m->wx;
	sy = my = m->wy;
	sh = mh = m->wh;
	sw = mw = m->ww;

	if (m->nmaster && n > m->nmaster) {
		sw = mw * (1 - m->mfact);
		mw = mw * m->mfact;
		sx = mx + mw;
	}

	getfacts(m, mh, sh, &mfacts, &sfacts, &mrest, &srest);

	for (i = 0, c = nexttiled(m->clients); c; c = nexttiled(c->next), i++)
		if (i < m->nmaster) {
			resize(c, mx, my, mw - (2*c->bw), (mh / mfacts) * c->cfact + (i < mrest ? 1 : 0) - (2*c->bw), 0);
			my += HEIGHT(c);
		} else {
			resize(c, sx, sy, sw - (2*c->bw), (sh / sfacts) * c->cfact + ((i - m->nmaster) < srest ? 1 : 0) - (2*c->bw), 0);
			sy += HEIGHT(c);
		}
}

void
togglebar(const Arg *arg)
{
	selmon->showbar = selmon->pertag->showbars[selmon->pertag->curtag] = !selmon->showbar;
	updatebarpos(selmon);
	resizebarwin(selmon);
	if (showsystray) {
		XWindowChanges wc;
		if (!selmon->showbar)
			wc.y = -bh;
		else if (selmon->showbar) {
			wc.y = 0;
			if (!selmon->topbar)
				wc.y = selmon->mh - bh;
		}
		XConfigureWindow(dpy, systray->win, CWY, &wc);
	}
	arrange(selmon);
}

void
togglefakefullscreen(const Arg *arg)
{
	Client *c = selmon->sel;
	if (!c)
		return;

	if (c->fakefullscreen != 1 && c->isfullscreen) { // exit fullscreen --> fake fullscreen
		c->fakefullscreen = 2;
		setfullscreen(c, 0);
	} else if (c->fakefullscreen == 1) {
		setfullscreen(c, 0);
		c->fakefullscreen = 0;
	} else {
		c->fakefullscreen = 1;
		setfullscreen(c, 1);
	}
}

void
togglefloating(const Arg *arg)
{
	if (!selmon->sel)
		return;
	if (selmon->sel->isfullscreen && selmon->sel->fakefullscreen != 1) /* no support for fullscreen windows */
		return;
	selmon->sel->isfloating = !selmon->sel->isfloating || selmon->sel->isfixed;
	if (selmon->sel->isfloating)
		resize(selmon->sel, selmon->sel->x, selmon->sel->y,
			selmon->sel->w, selmon->sel->h, 0);
	arrange(selmon);
	warp(NULL);
}

void
toggletag(const Arg *arg)
{
	unsigned int newtags;

	if (!selmon->sel)
		return;
	newtags = selmon->sel->tags ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);
	if (newtags) {
		selmon->sel->tags = newtags;
		arrange(selmon);
		focus(NULL);
		warp(NULL);
	}
}

void
toggleview(const Arg *arg)
{
	unsigned int newtagset = selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] ^ (arg->ui & TAGMASK);;
	int i;

	if (newtagset) {
		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = newtagset;

		if (newtagset == ~0)
		{
			selmon->pertag->curtag = 0;
		}
		/* test if the user did not select the same tag */
		if (!(newtagset & 1 << (selmon->pertag->curtag - 1))) {
			for (i = 0; !(newtagset & 1 << i); i++) ;
			selmon->pertag->curtag = i + 1;
		}

		/* apply settings for this view */
		selmon->nmaster = selmon->pertag->nmasters[selmon->pertag->curtag];
		selmon->mfact = selmon->pertag->mfacts[selmon->pertag->curtag];
		selmon->sellt = selmon->pertag->sellts[selmon->pertag->curtag];
		selmon->lt[selmon->sellt] = selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt];
		selmon->lt[selmon->sellt^1] = selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt^1];
		arrange(selmon);
		focus(NULL);
	}
}

void
unfocus(Client *c, int setfocus)
{
	if (!c)
		return;
	grabbuttons(c, 0);
	XSetWindowBorder(dpy, c->win, scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBorder].pixel);
	if (setfocus) {
		XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
		XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetActiveWindow]);
	}
}

void
unmanage(Client *c, int destroyed)
{
	Monitor *m = c->mon;
	Client *top = NULL;
	XWindowChanges wc;

	if (c->swallowing) {
		unswallow(c);
		return;
	}

	Client *s = swallowingclient(c->win);
	if (s) {
		#if SHOWWINICON
		freeicon(s->swallowing);
		#endif
		free(s->swallowing);
		s->swallowing = NULL;
		arrange(m);
		focus(NULL);
		return;
	}

	detach(c);
	detachstack(c);
	#if SHOWWINICON
	freeicon(c);
	#endif
	if (!destroyed) {
		wc.border_width = c->oldbw;
		XGrabServer(dpy); /* avoid race conditions */
		XSetErrorHandler(xerrordummy);
		XSelectInput(dpy, c->win, NoEventMask);
		XConfigureWindow(dpy, c->win, CWBorderWidth, &wc); /* restore border */
		XUngrabButton(dpy, AnyButton, AnyModifier, c->win);
		setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
		XSync(dpy, False);
		XSetErrorHandler(xerror);
		XUngrabServer(dpy);
	}

	free(c);
	if (!s) {
		/* Find the topmost visible window */
		for (top = m->clients; top && (!ISVISIBLE(top) || top->isfloating); top = top->next);

		if (top) {
			/* Focus the top window and set it as the current focus */
			focus(top);
			restack(m);
			/* Warp the cursor to the center of the top window */
			XWarpPointer(dpy, None, top->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, top->w / 2, top->h / 2);
			/* Set the input focus to the top window */
			XSetInputFocus(dpy, top->win, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
		} else {
			/* If no top window is found, revert focus to the root window */
			XSetInputFocus(dpy, root, RevertToPointerRoot, CurrentTime);
		}

		updateclientlist();
		arrange(m);
	}
}

void
unmapnotify(XEvent *e)
{
	Client *c;
	XUnmapEvent *ev = &e->xunmap;

	if ((c = wintoclient(ev->window))) {
		if (ev->send_event)
			setclientstate(c, WithdrawnState);
		else
			unmanage(c, 0);
	} else if (showsystray && (c = wintosystrayicon(ev->window))) {
		/* KLUDGE! sometimes icons occasionally unmap their windows, but do
		 * _not_ destroy them. We map those windows back */
		XMapRaised(dpy, c->win);
		updatesystray();
	}
}

void
unswallow(Client *c)
{
	c->win = c->swallowing->win;

	#if SHOWWINICON
	freeicon(c);
	c->icon = c->swallowing->icon;
	c->icw = c->swallowing->icw;
	c->ich = c->swallowing->ich;
	#endif

	free(c->swallowing);
	c->swallowing = NULL;

	XDeleteProperty(dpy, c->win, netatom[NetClientList]);

	/* unfullscreen the client */
	setfullscreen(c, 0);
	updatetitle(c);
	arrange(c->mon);
	XMapWindow(dpy, c->win);
	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, c->win, c->x, c->y, c->w, c->h);
	setclientstate(c, NormalState);
	focus(NULL);
	arrange(c->mon);
	configure(c);
	updateclientlist();
}

void
updatebars(void)
{
	unsigned int w;
	Monitor *m;
	XSetWindowAttributes wa = {
		.override_redirect = True,
		.background_pixmap = ParentRelative,
		.event_mask = ButtonPressMask|ExposureMask
	};
	XClassHint ch = {"dwm", "dwm"};
	for (m = mons; m; m = m->next) {
		if (m->barwin)
			continue;
		w = m->ww;
		if (showsystray && m == systraytomon(m))
			w -= getsystraywidth();
		m->barwin = XCreateWindow(dpy, root, m->wx, m->by, w, bh, 0, DefaultDepth(dpy, screen),
				CopyFromParent, DefaultVisual(dpy, screen),
				CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixmap|CWEventMask, &wa);
		XDefineCursor(dpy, m->barwin, cursor[CurNormal]->cursor);
		if (showsystray && m == systraytomon(m))
			XMapRaised(dpy, systray->win);
		XMapRaised(dpy, m->barwin);
		XSetClassHint(dpy, m->barwin, &ch);
	}
}

void
updatebarpos(Monitor *m)
{
	m->wy = m->my;
	m->wh = m->mh;
	if (m->showbar) {
		m->wh -= bh;
		m->by = m->topbar ? m->wy : m->wy + m->wh;
		m->wy = m->topbar ? m->wy + bh : m->wy;
	} else
		m->by = -bh;
}

void
updateclientlist(void)
{
	Client *c;
	Monitor *m;

	XDeleteProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList]);
	for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
		for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
			XChangeProperty(dpy, root, netatom[NetClientList],
				XA_WINDOW, 32, PropModeAppend,
				(unsigned char *) &(c->win), 1);
}

#if SHOWWINICON
void
updateicon(Client *c)
{
	freeicon(c);
	c->icon = geticonprop(c->win, &c->icw, &c->ich);
}
#endif

int
updategeom(void)
{
	int dirty = 0;

#ifdef XINERAMA
	if (XineramaIsActive(dpy)) {
		int i, j, n, nn;
		Client *c;
		Monitor *m;
		XineramaScreenInfo *info = XineramaQueryScreens(dpy, &nn);
		XineramaScreenInfo *unique = NULL;

		for (n = 0, m = mons; m; m = m->next, n++);
		/* only consider unique geometries as separate screens */
		unique = ecalloc(nn, sizeof(XineramaScreenInfo));
		for (i = 0, j = 0; i < nn; i++)
			if (isuniquegeom(unique, j, &info[i]))
				memcpy(&unique[j++], &info[i], sizeof(XineramaScreenInfo));
		XFree(info);
		nn = j;
		/* new monitors if nn > n */
		for (i = n; i < nn; i++) {
			for (m = mons; m && m->next; m = m->next);
			if (m)
				m->next = createmon();
			else
				mons = createmon();
		}
		for (i = 0, m = mons; i < nn && m; m = m->next, i++)
			if (i >= n
			|| unique[i].x_org != m->mx || unique[i].y_org != m->my
			|| unique[i].width != m->mw || unique[i].height != m->mh)
			{
				dirty = 1;
				m->num = i;
				m->mx = m->wx = unique[i].x_org;
				m->my = m->wy = unique[i].y_org;
				m->mw = m->ww = unique[i].width;
				m->mh = m->wh = unique[i].height;
				updatebarpos(m);
			}
		/* removed monitors if n > nn */
		for (i = nn; i < n; i++) {
			for (m = mons; m && m->next; m = m->next);
			while ((c = m->clients)) {
				dirty = 1;
				m->clients = c->next;
				detachstack(c);
				c->mon = mons;
				attach(c);
				attachstack(c);
			}
			if (m == selmon)
				selmon = mons;
			cleanupmon(m);
		}
		free(unique);
	} else
#endif /* XINERAMA */
	{ /* default monitor setup */
		if (!mons)
			mons = createmon();
		if (mons->mw != sw || mons->mh != sh) {
			dirty = 1;
			mons->mw = mons->ww = sw;
			mons->mh = mons->wh = sh;
			updatebarpos(mons);
		}
	}
	if (dirty) {
		selmon = mons;
		selmon = wintomon(root);
	}
	return dirty;
}

void
updatenumlockmask(void)
{
	unsigned int i, j;
	XModifierKeymap *modmap;

	numlockmask = 0;
	modmap = XGetModifierMapping(dpy);
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
		for (j = 0; j < modmap->max_keypermod; j++)
			if (modmap->modifiermap[i * modmap->max_keypermod + j]
				== XKeysymToKeycode(dpy, XK_Num_Lock))
				numlockmask = (1 << i);
	XFreeModifiermap(modmap);
}

void
updatesizehints(Client *c)
{
	long msize;
	XSizeHints size;

	if (!XGetWMNormalHints(dpy, c->win, &size, &msize))
		/* size is uninitialized, ensure that size.flags aren't used */
		size.flags = PSize;
	if (size.flags & PBaseSize) {
		c->basew = size.base_width;
		c->baseh = size.base_height;
	} else if (size.flags & PMinSize) {
		c->basew = size.min_width;
		c->baseh = size.min_height;
	} else
		c->basew = c->baseh = 0;
	if (size.flags & PResizeInc) {
		c->incw = size.width_inc;
		c->inch = size.height_inc;
	} else
		c->incw = c->inch = 0;
	if (size.flags & PMaxSize) {
		c->maxw = size.max_width;
		c->maxh = size.max_height;
	} else
		c->maxw = c->maxh = 0;
	if (size.flags & PMinSize) {
		c->minw = size.min_width;
		c->minh = size.min_height;
	} else if (size.flags & PBaseSize) {
		c->minw = size.base_width;
		c->minh = size.base_height;
	} else
		c->minw = c->minh = 0;
	if (size.flags & PAspect) {
		c->mina = (float)size.min_aspect.y / size.min_aspect.x;
		c->maxa = (float)size.max_aspect.x / size.max_aspect.y;
	} else
		c->maxa = c->mina = 0.0;
	c->isfixed = (c->maxw && c->maxh && c->maxw == c->minw && c->maxh == c->minh);
}

void
updatestatus(void)
{
	if (!gettextprop(root, XA_WM_NAME, stext, sizeof(stext))) {
		strcpy(stext, "dwm-titus:"VERSION);
		statusw = TEXTW(stext) - lrpad + 2;
	} else {
		char *text, *s, ch;

		statusw  = 0;
		for (text = s = stext; *s; s++) {
			if ((unsigned char)(*s) < ' ') {
				ch = *s;
				*s = '\0';
				statusw += TEXTW(text) - lrpad;
				*s = ch;
				text = s + 1;
			}
		}
		statusw += TEXTW(text) - lrpad + 2;

	}
	drawbar(selmon);
	updatesystray();
}

void
updatesystrayicongeom(Client *i, int w, int h)
{
	if (i) {
        i->w = w = 20; // Set icon width to 16
        i->h = h = 20; // Set icon height to 16
		i->y = ((bh - h) / 2); // Calculate y to center icon vertically
        XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, i->win, i->x, i->y, i->w, i->h);
    }
}

void
updatesystrayiconstate(Client *i, XPropertyEvent *ev)
{
	long flags;
	int code = 0;

	if (!showsystray || !i || ev->atom != xatom[XembedInfo] ||
			!(flags = getatomprop(i, xatom[XembedInfo])))
		return;

	if (flags & XEMBED_MAPPED && !i->tags) {
		i->tags = 1;
		code = XEMBED_WINDOW_ACTIVATE;
		XMapRaised(dpy, i->win);
		setclientstate(i, NormalState);
	}
	else if (!(flags & XEMBED_MAPPED) && i->tags) {
		i->tags = 0;
		code = XEMBED_WINDOW_DEACTIVATE;
		XUnmapWindow(dpy, i->win);
		setclientstate(i, WithdrawnState);
	}
	else
		return;
	sendevent(i->win, xatom[Xembed], StructureNotifyMask, CurrentTime, code, 0,
			systray->win, XEMBED_EMBEDDED_VERSION);
}

void
updatesystray(void)
{
	XSetWindowAttributes wa;
	XWindowChanges wc;
	Client *i;
	Monitor *m = systraytomon(NULL);
	unsigned int x = m->mx + m->mw;
	unsigned int sw = TEXTW(stext) - lrpad + systrayspacing;
	unsigned int w = 1;
	unsigned int y = ((bh - 20) / 2);

	if (!showsystray)
		return;
	if (systrayonleft)
		x -= sw + lrpad / 2;
	if (!systray) {
		/* init systray */
		if (!(systray = (Systray *)calloc(1, sizeof(Systray))))
			die("fatal: could not malloc() %u bytes\n", sizeof(Systray));
		systray->win = XCreateSimpleWindow(dpy, root, x, m->by, w, bh, 0, 0, scheme[SchemeSel][ColBg].pixel);
		wa.event_mask        = ButtonPressMask | ExposureMask;
		wa.override_redirect = True;
		wa.background_pixel  = scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBg].pixel;
		XSelectInput(dpy, systray->win, SubstructureNotifyMask);
		XChangeProperty(dpy, systray->win, netatom[NetSystemTrayOrientation], XA_CARDINAL, 32,
				PropModeReplace, (unsigned char *)&netatom[NetSystemTrayOrientationHorz], 1);
		XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, systray->win, CWEventMask|CWOverrideRedirect|CWBackPixel, &wa);
		XMapRaised(dpy, systray->win);
		XSetSelectionOwner(dpy, netatom[NetSystemTray], systray->win, CurrentTime);
		if (XGetSelectionOwner(dpy, netatom[NetSystemTray]) == systray->win) {
			sendevent(root, xatom[Manager], StructureNotifyMask, CurrentTime, netatom[NetSystemTray], systray->win, 0, 0);
			XSync(dpy, False);
		}
		else {
			fprintf(stderr, "dwm: unable to obtain system tray.\n");
			free(systray);
			systray = NULL;
			return;
		}
	}
	for (w = 0, i = systray->icons; i; i = i->next) {
		/* make sure the background color stays the same */
		wa.background_pixel  = scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBg].pixel;
		XChangeWindowAttributes(dpy, i->win, CWBackPixel, &wa);
		XMapRaised(dpy, i->win);
		w += systrayspacing;
		i->x = w;
		i->y = y;
		XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, i->win, i->x, i->y, i->w, i->h);
		w += i->w;
		if (i->mon != m)
			i->mon = m;
	}
	w = w ? w + systrayspacing : 1;
	x -= w;
	XMoveResizeWindow(dpy, systray->win, x, m->by, w, bh);
	wc.x = x; wc.y = m->by; wc.width = w; wc.height = bh;
	wc.stack_mode = Above; wc.sibling = m->barwin;
	XConfigureWindow(dpy, systray->win, CWX|CWY|CWWidth|CWHeight|CWSibling|CWStackMode, &wc);
	XMapWindow(dpy, systray->win);
	XMapSubwindows(dpy, systray->win);
	/* redraw background */
	XSetForeground(dpy, drw->gc, scheme[SchemeNorm][ColBg].pixel);
	XFillRectangle(dpy, systray->win, drw->gc, 0, 0, w, bh);
	XSync(dpy, False);
}

void
updatetitle(Client *c)
{
	if (!gettextprop(c->win, netatom[NetWMName], c->name, sizeof c->name))
		gettextprop(c->win, XA_WM_NAME, c->name, sizeof c->name);
	if (c->name[0] == '\0') /* hack to mark broken clients */
		strcpy(c->name, broken);
}

void
updatewindowtype(Client *c)
{
	Atom state = getatomprop(c, netatom[NetWMState]);
	Atom wtype = getatomprop(c, netatom[NetWMWindowType]);

	if (state == netatom[NetWMFullscreen])
		setfullscreen(c, 1);
	if (wtype == netatom[NetWMWindowTypeDialog])
		c->isfloating = 1;
}

void
updatewmhints(Client *c)
{
	XWMHints *wmh;

	if ((wmh = XGetWMHints(dpy, c->win))) {
		if (c == selmon->sel && wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) {
			wmh->flags &= ~XUrgencyHint;
			XSetWMHints(dpy, c->win, wmh);
		} else
			c->isurgent = (wmh->flags & XUrgencyHint) ? 1 : 0;
		if (wmh->flags & InputHint)
			c->neverfocus = !wmh->input;
		else
			c->neverfocus = 0;
		XFree(wmh);
	}
}

void
view(const Arg *arg)
{
	int i;
	unsigned int tmptag;

	if ((arg->ui & TAGMASK) == selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags])
		return;
	selmon->seltags ^= 1; /* toggle sel tagset */
	if (arg->ui & TAGMASK) {
		selmon->tagset[selmon->seltags] = arg->ui & TAGMASK;
		selmon->pertag->prevtag = selmon->pertag->curtag;

		if (arg->ui == ~0)
			selmon->pertag->curtag = 0;
		else {
			for (i = 0; !(arg->ui & 1 << i); i++) ;
			selmon->pertag->curtag = i + 1;
		}
	} else {
		tmptag = selmon->pertag->prevtag;
		selmon->pertag->prevtag = selmon->pertag->curtag;
		selmon->pertag->curtag = tmptag;
	}

	selmon->nmaster = selmon->pertag->nmasters[selmon->pertag->curtag];
	selmon->mfact = selmon->pertag->mfacts[selmon->pertag->curtag];
	selmon->sellt = selmon->pertag->sellts[selmon->pertag->curtag];
	selmon->lt[selmon->sellt] = selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt];
	selmon->lt[selmon->sellt^1] = selmon->pertag->ltidxs[selmon->pertag->curtag][selmon->sellt^1];

	if (selmon->showbar != selmon->pertag->showbars[selmon->pertag->curtag])
		togglebar(NULL);

	arrange(selmon);
	focus(NULL);
	warp(NULL);

	for (Client *c = selmon->clients; c; c = c->next) {
		if ((c->tags & arg->ui) && ISVISIBLE(c)) { // arg->ui is the selected tagset
		    focus(c);
		    break;
		}
	}
}

void
warp(Client *c)
{
	/* Try to warp to the active window. */
	if (!c)
		c = selmon->sel;

	/* If there's no active window, just warp to the middle of the screen. */
	if (!c) {
		XWarpPointer(dpy, None, root, 0, 0, 0, 0, selmon->wx + selmon->ww/2, selmon->wy + selmon->wh/2);
		return;
	}

	XWarpPointer(dpy, None, c->win, 0, 0, 0, 0, c->w / 2, c->h / 2);
}

pid_t
winpid(Window w)
{
	pid_t result = 0;

#ifdef __linux__
	xcb_res_client_id_spec_t spec = {0};
	spec.client = w;
	spec.mask = XCB_RES_CLIENT_ID_MASK_LOCAL_CLIENT_PID;

	xcb_generic_error_t *e = NULL;
	xcb_res_query_client_ids_cookie_t c = xcb_res_query_client_ids(xcon, 1, &spec);
	xcb_res_query_client_ids_reply_t *r = xcb_res_query_client_ids_reply(xcon, c, &e);

	if (!r)
		return (pid_t)0;

	xcb_res_client_id_value_iterator_t i = xcb_res_query_client_ids_ids_iterator(r);
	for (; i.rem; xcb_res_client_id_value_next(&i)) {
		spec = i.data->spec;
		if (spec.mask & XCB_RES_CLIENT_ID_MASK_LOCAL_CLIENT_PID) {
			uint32_t *t = xcb_res_client_id_value_value(i.data);
			result = *t;
			break;
		}
	}

	free(r);

	if (result == (pid_t)-1)
		result = 0;

#endif /* __linux__ */

#ifdef __OpenBSD__
        Atom type;
        int format;
        unsigned long len, bytes;
        unsigned char *prop;
        pid_t ret;

        if (XGetWindowProperty(dpy, w, XInternAtom(dpy, "_NET_WM_PID", 0), 0, 1, False, AnyPropertyType, &type, &format, &len, &bytes, &prop) != Success || !prop)
               return 0;

        ret = *(pid_t*)prop;
        XFree(prop);
        result = ret;

#endif /* __OpenBSD__ */
	return result;
}

Client *
wintoclient(Window w)
{
	Client *c;
	Monitor *m;

	for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
		for (c = m->clients; c; c = c->next)
			if (c->win == w)
				return c;
	return NULL;
}

Client *
wintosystrayicon(Window w)
{
	if (!systray)
		return NULL;
	Client *i = NULL;
	if (!showsystray || !w)
		return i;
	for (i = systray->icons; i && i->win != w; i = i->next);
	return i;
}

Monitor *
wintomon(Window w)
{
	int x, y;
	Client *c;
	Monitor *m;

	if (w == root && getrootptr(&x, &y))
		return recttomon(x, y, 1, 1);
	for (m = mons; m; m = m->next)
		if (w == m->barwin)
			return m;
	if ((c = wintoclient(w)))
		return c->mon;
	return selmon;
}

/* There's no way to check accesses to destroyed windows, thus those cases are
 * ignored (especially on UnmapNotify's). Other types of errors call Xlibs
 * default error handler, which may call exit. */
int
xerror(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee)
{
	if (ee->error_code == BadWindow
	|| (ee->request_code == X_SetInputFocus && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyText8 && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolyFillRectangle && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_PolySegment && ee->error_code == BadDrawable)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_ConfigureWindow && ee->error_code == BadMatch)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabButton && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_GrabKey && ee->error_code == BadAccess)
	|| (ee->request_code == X_CopyArea && ee->error_code == BadDrawable))
		return 0;
	fprintf(stderr, "dwm: fatal error: request code=%d, error code=%d\n",
		ee->request_code, ee->error_code);
	return xerrorxlib(dpy, ee); /* may call exit */
}

int
xerrordummy(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee)
{
	return 0;
}

/* Startup Error handler to check if another window manager
 * is already running. */
int
xerrorstart(Display *dpy, XErrorEvent *ee)
{
	die("dwm: another window manager is already running");
	return -1;
}

Monitor *
systraytomon(Monitor *m) {
	Monitor *t;
	int i, n;
	if(!systraypinning) {
		if(!m)
			return selmon;
		return m == selmon ? m : NULL;
	}
	for(n = 1, t = mons; t && t->next; n++, t = t->next) ;
	for(i = 1, t = mons; t && t->next && i < systraypinning; i++, t = t->next) ;
	if(systraypinningfailfirst && n < systraypinning)
		return mons;
	return t;
}

void
zoom(const Arg *arg)
{
	Client *c = selmon->sel;

	if (!selmon->lt[selmon->sellt]->arrange || !c || c->isfloating)
		return;
	if (c == nexttiled(selmon->clients) && !(c = nexttiled(c->next)))
		return;
	pop(c);
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	if (argc == 2 && !strcmp("-v", argv[1]))
		die("dwm-"VERSION);
	else if (argc != 1)
		die("usage: dwm [-v]");
	if (!setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") || !XSupportsLocale())
		fputs("warning: no locale support\n", stderr);
	if (!(dpy = XOpenDisplay(NULL)))
		die("dwm: cannot open display");
	if (!(xcon = XGetXCBConnection(dpy)))
		die("dwm: cannot get xcb connection\n");
	checkotherwm();
	autostart_exec();
	setup();
#ifdef __OpenBSD__
	if (pledge("stdio rpath proc exec ps", NULL) == -1)
		die("pledge");
#endif /* __OpenBSD__ */
	scan();
	runautostart();
	run();
	cleanup();
	XCloseDisplay(dpy);
	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}