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title={The neurodata without borders ecosystem for neurophysiological data science},
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title={The {Neurodata Without Borders} ecosystem for neurophysiological data science},
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author={R{\"u}bel, Oliver and Tritt, Andrew and Ly, Ryan and Dichter, Benjamin K and Ghosh, Satrajit and Niu, Lawrence and Baker, Pamela and Soltesz, Ivan and Ng, Lydia and Svoboda, Karel and others},
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journal={Elife},
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journal={eLife},
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volume={11},
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pages={e78362},
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year={2022},
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doi={10.7554/eLife.78362},
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publisher={eLife Sciences Publications Limited}
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}
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@article{teeters2015neurodata,
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title={Neurodata without borders: creating a common data format for neurophysiology},
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title={{Neurodata Without Borders}: creating a common data format for neurophysiology},
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author={Teeters, Jeffery L and Godfrey, Keith and Young, Rob and Dang, Chinh and Friedsam, Claudia and Wark, Barry and Asari, Hiroki and Peron, Simon and Li, Nuo and Peyrache, Adrien and others},
Copy file name to clipboardexpand all lines: paper/joss/paper.md
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Neurodata Without Borders files are structured hierarchically and encapsulate various "neurodata" types that reflect different aspects of neurophysiological experiments. These types range from *BehavioralEvents*, which record discrete actions or occurrences within experiments, to data structures like *Fluorescence*, *ImageSegmentation*, and *RoiResponseSeries*, which are key data types in optical neurophysiology. Other neurodata types include *ElectricalSeries* for electrophysiological signals and *Units* for spike times of neurons. Neurosift allows interactive navigation of this hierarchical structure (Figure 1) and provides plugin visualizations for many of these types (Figure 2). It also facilitates the creation of composite views by allowing users to select and synchronize multiple data types within the same interface (Figure 3). This synchronization extends to navigation actions such as zooming and panning, where different sub-windows, each displaying a different aspect of the data, maintain a shared time axis. These views can then be shared with others as a URL.

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# Architecture and technical innovation
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Neurosift is a *static* React/TypeScript website, meaning that it is delivered to the user's browser exactly as stored, without the need for dynamic server-side processing of requests. This approach simplifies deployment and maintenance; it can be deployed to any static hosting service.
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The main technical challenge in developing Neurosift was the requirement to lazy-load data objects from remote NWB files that are built on the complex HDF5 format. While HDF5's efficient data organization is ideal for the large, multidimensional datasets typical in neurophysiology, its primary implementations are in the C language. This necessitates a creative solution to enable efficient web-based access to these files. To bridge this gap, Neurosift leverages WebAssembly to run compiled C code in the browser, specifically utilizing a modified version of the h5wasm [@h5wasm] library. Unlike the unmodified h5wasm, which primarily handles fully downloaded files, Neurosift's fork introduces an innovative approach to efficiently read data chunks from remote files. This allows for synchronous data reads without the need for a prior download of the entire file. This solution showcases the potential of WebAssembly in overcoming challenges associated with web-based data analysis tools.
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The main technical challenge in developing Neurosift was the requirement to lazy-load data objects from remote NWB files that are built on the complex HDF5 format. While HDF5's efficient data organization is ideal for the large, multidimensional datasets typical in neurophysiology, its primary implementations are in the C language. This necessitates a creative solution to enable efficient web-based access to these files. To bridge this gap, Neurosift leverages WebAssembly to run compiled C code in the browser, specifically utilizing a modified version of the h5wasm [@h5wasm] library. Unlike the unmodified h5wasm, which primarily handles fully downloaded files, Neurosift's fork introduces an innovative approach to efficiently read data chunks from remote files. This allows for partial data reads without the need for a prior download of the entire file. This solution showcases the potential of WebAssembly in overcoming challenges associated with web-based data analysis tools.
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