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Firebase Cloud Messaging Quickstart

The Firebase Cloud Messaging quickstart demonstrates how to:

  • Request permission to send app notifications to the user.
  • Receive FCM messages using the Firebase Cloud Messaging JavaScript SDK.

Introduction

Read more about Firebase Cloud Messaging

Getting Started

  1. Create your project in the Firebase Console by following Step 1: Create a Firebase Project
  2. Register a web app by following Step 2: Register your app with Firebase.
    1. You don't need to add Hosting right now, and you can skip the "Add Firebase SDK" step in the console's "Add Firebase to your web app" flow.
    2. Remember to click "Register App" or "Continue to console" at the bottom of the "Add Firebase to your web app" flow.
    3. Copy your Firebase config object (from the "Add Firebase to your web app" dialog), and paste it in the config.ts file in the messaging directory.
  3. Open Project and go to Project settings > Cloud Messaging and there in the Web configuration section click Generate key pair button.
  4. Copy public key and in the config.ts file replace <YOUR_PUBLIC_VAPID_KEY_HERE> with your key.
  5. You must have the Firebase CLI installed. If you don't have it install it with npm install -g firebase-tools and then configure it with firebase login.
  6. On the command line run firebase use --add and select the Firebase project you have created.

To run the sample app locally during development:

  1. Run npm install to install dependencies.
  2. Run firebase emulators:start to start the local Firebase emulators. Note: phone authentication required ReCaptcha verification which does not work with the Firebase emulators. These examples skip connecting to the emulators.
  3. Run npm run dev to serve the app locally using Vite This will start a server locally that serves index.html on http://localhost:5173/index.html.
  4. Click REQUEST PERMISSION button to request permission for the app to send notifications to the browser.
  5. Use the generated Instance ID token (IID Token) to send an HTTP request to FCM that delivers the message to the web application, inserting appropriate values for YOUR-SERVER-KEY and YOUR-IID-TOKEN.

Running the app using the Firebase CLI:

  1. Run npm install to install dependencies.
  2. Run npm run build to build the app using Vite.
  3. Run firebase emulators:start to start the local Firebase emulators. Note: phone authentication required ReCaptcha verification which does not work with the Firebase emulators. These examples skip connecting to the emulators.
  4. In your terminal output, you will see the "Hosting" URL. By default, it will be 127.0.0.1:5002, though it may be different for you.
  5. Navigate in your browser to the URL output by the firebase emulators:start command.
  6. Click REQUEST PERMISSION button to request permission for the app to send notifications to the browser.
  7. Use the generated Instance ID token (IID Token) to send an HTTP request to FCM that delivers the message to the web application, inserting appropriate values for YOUR-SERVER-KEY and YOUR-IID-TOKEN.

To deploy the sample app to production:

  1. Run firebase deploy. This will deploy the sample app to https://<project_id>.firebaseapp.com.

NOTE: If your payload has a notification object, setBackgroundMessageHandler will not trigger. Read here for more information.

HTTP

POST /fcm/send HTTP/1.1
Host: fcm.googleapis.com
Authorization: key=YOUR-SERVER-KEY
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "notification": {
    "title": "Portugal vs. Denmark",
    "body": "5 to 1",
    "icon": "firebase-logo.png",
    "click_action": "http://localhost:8081"
  },
  "to": "YOUR-IID-TOKEN"
}

Fetch

var key = 'YOUR-SERVER-KEY';
var to = 'YOUR-IID-TOKEN';
var notification = {
  'title': 'Portugal vs. Denmark',
  'body': '5 to 1',
  'icon': 'firebase-logo.png',
  'click_action': 'http://localhost:8081'
};

fetch('https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send', {
  'method': 'POST',
  'headers': {
    'Authorization': 'key=' + key,
    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
  },
  'body': JSON.stringify({
    'notification': notification,
    'to': to
  })
}).then(function(response) {
  console.log(response);
}).catch(function(error) {
  console.error(error);
})

cURL

curl -X POST -H "Authorization: key=YOUR-SERVER-KEY" -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{
  "notification": {
    "title": "Portugal vs. Denmark",
    "body": "5 to 1",
    "icon": "firebase-logo.png",
    "click_action": "http://localhost:8081"
  },
  "to": "YOUR-IID-TOKEN"
}' "https://fcm.googleapis.com/fcm/send"

App focus

When the app has the browser focus, the received message is handled through the onMessage callback in index.html. When the app does not have browser focus then the setBackgroundMessageHandler callback in firebase-messaging-sw.js is where the received message is handled.

The browser gives your app focus when both:

  1. Your app is running in the currently selected browser tab.
  2. The browser tab's window currently has focus, as defined by the operating system.

Support

https://firebase.google.com/support/

License

© Google, 2016. Licensed under an Apache-2 license.