Add thumbhash encoder (#127)

The c++ implementation of thumhash encoder is based on the rust reference implementation found here:

https://github.com/evanw/thumbhash/blob/main/rust/src/lib.rs

We modified it in the following ways:

- Make it work with OpenCV mat as input frame
- Handle images with or without an alpha channel
- Handle grayscale images
- Perform simple downsampling of images. We don't need very many pixels to get a good hash.

Author: slam

data/coast.jpg

@@ -108,5 +108,9 @@ func NewEncoder(ext string, decodedBy Decoder, dst []byte) (Encoder, error) {
 		return nil, errors.New("Encoder cannot encode into video types")
 	}
 
+	if strings.ToLower(ext) == ".thumbhash" {
+		return newThumbhashEncoder(decodedBy, dst)
+	}
+
 	return newOpenCVEncoder(ext, decodedBy, dst)
 }

data/fall.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+#include "thumbhash.hpp"
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <tuple>
+
+static constexpr size_t MAX_DIMENSION = 100;
+static constexpr float PI = 3.14159265f;
+
+struct thumbhash_encoder_struct {
+    uint8_t* dst;
+    size_t dst_len;
+};
+
+thumbhash_encoder thumbhash_encoder_create(void* buf, size_t buf_len)
+{
+    thumbhash_encoder e = new struct thumbhash_encoder_struct();
+    if (!e) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    memset(e, 0, sizeof(struct thumbhash_encoder_struct));
+    e->dst = (uint8_t*)(buf);
+    e->dst_len = buf_len;
+
+    return e;
+}
+
+static std::tuple<float, std::vector<float>, float> encode_channel(
+  const std::vector<float>& channel,
+  size_t nx,
+  size_t ny,
+  size_t w,
+  size_t h)
+{
+    float dc = 0.0f;
+    std::vector<float> ac;
+    ac.reserve(nx * ny / 2);
+    float scale = 0.0f;
+    std::vector<float> fx(w, 0.0f);
+    for (size_t cy = 0; cy < ny; ++cy) {
+        size_t cx = 0;
+        while (cx * ny < nx * (ny - cy)) {
+            float f = 0.0f;
+            for (size_t x = 0; x < w; ++x) {
+                fx[x] = cos(PI / static_cast<float>(w) * static_cast<float>(cx) *
+                            (static_cast<float>(x) + 0.5f));
+            }
+            for (size_t y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
+                float fy = cos(PI / static_cast<float>(h) * static_cast<float>(cy) *
+                               (static_cast<float>(y) + 0.5f));
+                for (size_t x = 0; x < w; ++x) {
+                    f += channel[x + y * w] * fx[x] * fy;
+                }
+            }
+            f /= static_cast<float>(w * h);
+            if (cx > 0 || cy > 0) {
+                ac.push_back(f);
+                scale = std::max(std::abs(f), scale);
+            }
+            else {
+                dc = f;
+            }
+            cx += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (scale > 0.0) {
+        for (auto& ac_val : ac) {
+            ac_val = 0.5f + 0.5f / scale * ac_val;
+        }
+    }
+    return std::make_tuple(dc, ac, scale);
+}
+
+// This C++ thumbhash encode function is based on the rust reference
+// implementation found here:
+//
+// https://github.com/evanw/thumbhash/blob/main/rust/src/lib.rs
+//
+// We modified the logic in the following ways:
+//
+// - Make it work with OpenCV mat as input frame
+// - Handle images with or without an alpha channel
+// - Handle grayscale images
+// - Perform simple downscaling of large images. We don't need very many pixels
+//   to get a good hash.
+int thumbhash_encoder_encode(thumbhash_encoder e, const opencv_mat opaque_frame)
+{
+    auto frame = static_cast<const cv::Mat*>(opaque_frame);
+
+    size_t orig_w = frame->cols;
+    size_t orig_h = frame->rows;
+    size_t w = orig_w, h = orig_h;
+
+    // We don't need very many pixels to get a good hash. Downsample the image
+    // when its dimensions exceed the limit.
+    if (orig_w > MAX_DIMENSION || orig_h > MAX_DIMENSION) {
+        float aspect_ratio = static_cast<float>(orig_w) / orig_h;
+        if (orig_w > orig_h) {
+            w = MAX_DIMENSION;
+            h = static_cast<size_t>(w / aspect_ratio);
+        }
+        else {
+            h = MAX_DIMENSION;
+            w = static_cast<size_t>(h * aspect_ratio);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float row_ratio = static_cast<float>(orig_h) / h;
+    float col_ratio = static_cast<float>(orig_w) / w;
+
+    bool has_alpha = false;
+    std::vector<float> l, p, q, a;
+    l.reserve(w * h);
+    p.reserve(w * h);
+    q.reserve(w * h);
+    a.reserve(w * h);
+
+    if (frame->type() == CV_8UC4) {
+        float avg_r = 0.0;
+        float avg_g = 0.0;
+        float avg_b = 0.0;
+        float avg_a = 0.0;
+
+        // 4 channels (BGRA)
+        for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
+                size_t orig_i = static_cast<size_t>(i * row_ratio);
+                size_t orig_j = static_cast<size_t>(j * col_ratio);
+                const cv::Vec4b& pixel = frame->at<cv::Vec4b>(orig_i, orig_j);
+                float alpha = static_cast<float>(pixel[3]) / 255.0f;      // A
+                avg_b += (alpha / 255.0f) * static_cast<float>(pixel[0]); // B
+                avg_g += (alpha / 255.0f) * static_cast<float>(pixel[1]); // G
+                avg_r += (alpha / 255.0f) * static_cast<float>(pixel[2]); // R
+                avg_a += alpha;
+            }
+        }
+        if (avg_a > 0.0f) {
+            avg_r /= avg_a;
+            avg_g /= avg_a;
+            avg_b /= avg_a;
+        }
+        has_alpha = avg_a < static_cast<float>(w * h);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
+                size_t orig_i = static_cast<size_t>(i * row_ratio);
+                size_t orig_j = static_cast<size_t>(j * col_ratio);
+                const cv::Vec4b& pixel = frame->at<cv::Vec4b>(orig_i, orig_j);
+                float alpha = static_cast<float>(pixel[3]) / 255.0f;                        // A
+                float b =
+                  avg_b * (1.0f - alpha) + (alpha / 255.0f) * static_cast<float>(pixel[0]); // B
+                float g =
+                  avg_g * (1.0f - alpha) + (alpha / 255.0f) * static_cast<float>(pixel[1]); // G
+                float r =
+                  avg_r * (1.0f - alpha) + (alpha / 255.0f) * static_cast<float>(pixel[2]); // R
+                l.push_back((r + g + b) / 3.0f);
+                p.push_back((r + g) / 2.0f - b);
+                q.push_back(r - g);
+                a.push_back(alpha);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (frame->type() == CV_8UC3) {
+        // 3 channels (BGR)
+        for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
+                size_t orig_i = static_cast<size_t>(i * row_ratio);
+                size_t orig_j = static_cast<size_t>(j * col_ratio);
+                const cv::Vec3b& pixel = frame->at<cv::Vec3b>(orig_i, orig_j);
+                float b = (1.0f / 255.0f) * static_cast<float>(pixel[0]); // B
+                float g = (1.0f / 255.0f) * static_cast<float>(pixel[1]); // G
+                float r = (1.0f / 255.0f) * static_cast<float>(pixel[2]); // R
+                l.push_back((r + g + b) / 3.0f);
+                p.push_back((r + g) / 2.0f - b);
+                q.push_back(r - g);
+                a.push_back(1.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (frame->type() == CV_8U) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < h; ++i) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < w; ++j) {
+                size_t orig_i = static_cast<size_t>(i * row_ratio);
+                size_t orig_j = static_cast<size_t>(j * col_ratio);
+                uchar pixel = frame->at<uchar>(orig_i, orig_j);
+                float l_val = static_cast<float>(pixel) / 255.0f;
+                l.push_back(l_val);
+                p.push_back(0.0f);
+                q.push_back(0.0f);
+                a.push_back(1.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        // Unsupported format
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    size_t l_limit = has_alpha ? 5 : 7; // Use fewer luminance bits if there's alpha
+
+    size_t lx = std::max(static_cast<size_t>(std::round(static_cast<float>(l_limit * w) /
+                                                        static_cast<float>(std::max(w, h)))),
+                         static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    size_t ly = std::max(static_cast<size_t>(std::round(static_cast<float>(l_limit * h) /
+                                                        static_cast<float>(std::max(w, h)))),
+                         static_cast<size_t>(1));
+
+    float l_dc, l_scale, p_dc, p_scale, q_dc, q_scale, a_dc, a_scale;
+    std::vector<float> l_ac, p_ac, q_ac, a_ac;
+    std::tie(l_dc, l_ac, l_scale) = encode_channel(
+      l, std::max(lx, static_cast<size_t>(3)), std::max(ly, static_cast<size_t>(3)), w, h);
+    std::tie(p_dc, p_ac, p_scale) = encode_channel(p, 3, 3, w, h);
+    std::tie(q_dc, q_ac, q_scale) = encode_channel(q, 3, 3, w, h);
+    if (has_alpha) {
+        std::tie(a_dc, a_ac, a_scale) = encode_channel(a, 5, 5, w, h);
+    }
+    else {
+        a_dc = 1.0f;
+        a_scale = 1.0f;
+    }
+
+    bool is_landscape = w > h;
+    uint32_t header24 = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::round(63.0f * l_dc)) |
+      (static_cast<uint32_t>(std::round(31.5f + 31.5f * p_dc)) << 6) |
+      (static_cast<uint32_t>(std::round(31.5f + 31.5f * q_dc)) << 12) |
+      (static_cast<uint32_t>(std::round(31.0f * l_scale)) << 18) | (has_alpha ? 1 << 23 : 0);
+    uint16_t header16 = static_cast<uint16_t>(is_landscape ? ly : lx) |
+      (static_cast<uint16_t>(std::round(63.0f * p_scale)) << 3) |
+      (static_cast<uint16_t>(std::round(63.0f * q_scale)) << 9) | (is_landscape ? 1 << 15 : 0);
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> hash;
+    hash.reserve(25);
+
+    hash.push_back(header24 & 255);
+    hash.push_back((header24 >> 8) & 255);
+    hash.push_back(header24 >> 16);
+    hash.push_back(header16 & 255);
+    hash.push_back(header16 >> 8);
+    bool is_odd = false;
+    if (has_alpha) {
+        hash.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(15.0f * a_dc)) |
+                       (static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(15.0f * a_scale)) << 4));
+    }
+    for (auto ac : {l_ac, p_ac, q_ac}) {
+        for (float f : ac) {
+            uint8_t u = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(15.0f * f));
+            if (is_odd) {
+                *hash.rbegin() |= u << 4;
+            }
+            else {
+                hash.push_back(u);
+            }
+            is_odd = !is_odd;
+        }
+    }
+    if (has_alpha) {
+        for (float f : a_ac) {
+            uint8_t u = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::round(15.0f * f));
+            if (is_odd) {
+                *hash.rbegin() |= u << 4;
+            }
+            else {
+                hash.push_back(u);
+            }
+            is_odd = !is_odd;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (hash.size() <= e->dst_len) {
+        std::copy(hash.begin(), hash.end(), e->dst);
+    }
+    else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return hash.size();
+}
+
+void thumbhash_encoder_release(thumbhash_encoder e)
+{
+    delete e;
+}

data/field.jpg

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package lilliput
+
+// #cgo CFLAGS: -msse -msse2 -msse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2 -mavx
+// #cgo darwin CFLAGS: -I${SRCDIR}/deps/osx/include
+// #cgo linux CFLAGS: -I${SRCDIR}/deps/linux/include
+// #cgo CXXFLAGS: -std=c++11
+// #cgo darwin CXXFLAGS: -I${SRCDIR}/deps/osx/include
+// #cgo linux CXXFLAGS: -I${SRCDIR}/deps/linux/include
+// #cgo LDFLAGS:  -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_imgproc -ljpeg -lpng -lwebp -lippicv -lz
+// #cgo darwin LDFLAGS: -L${SRCDIR}/deps/osx/lib -L${SRCDIR}/deps/osx/share/OpenCV/3rdparty/lib
+// #cgo linux LDFLAGS: -L${SRCDIR}/deps/linux/lib -L${SRCDIR}/deps/linux/share/OpenCV/3rdparty/lib
+// #include "thumbhash.hpp"
+import "C"
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+type thumbhashEncoder struct {
+	encoder C.thumbhash_encoder
+	buf     []byte
+}
+
+func newThumbhashEncoder(decodedBy Decoder, buf []byte) (*thumbhashEncoder, error) {
+	buf = buf[:1]
+	enc := C.thumbhash_encoder_create(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0]), C.size_t(cap(buf)))
+	if enc == nil {
+		return nil, ErrBufTooSmall
+	}
+	return &thumbhashEncoder{
+		encoder: enc,
+		buf:     buf,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (e *thumbhashEncoder) Encode(f *Framebuffer, opt map[int]int) ([]byte, error) {
+	if f == nil {
+		return nil, io.EOF
+	}
+
+	length := C.thumbhash_encoder_encode(e.encoder, f.mat)
+	if length <= 0 {
+		return nil, ErrInvalidImage
+	}
+
+	return e.buf[:length], nil
+}
+
+func (e *thumbhashEncoder) Close() {
+	C.thumbhash_encoder_release(e.encoder)
+}

data/firefox-16bit-alpha.png

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifndef LILLIPUT_THUMBHASH_HPP
+#define LILLIPUT_THUMBHASH_HPP
+
+#include "opencv.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct thumbhash_encoder_struct* thumbhash_encoder;
+
+thumbhash_encoder thumbhash_encoder_create(void* buf, size_t buf_len);
+int thumbhash_encoder_encode(thumbhash_encoder e, const opencv_mat opqaue_frame);
+void thumbhash_encoder_release(thumbhash_encoder e);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif