diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index a86b2cd9cc4..a4a1b59d6ba 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 * [CHANGE] Change all max async concurrency default values `50` to `3` #6268
 * [CHANGE] Change default value of `-blocks-storage.bucket-store.index-cache.multilevel.max-async-concurrency` from `50` to `3` #6265
 * [CHANGE] Enable Compactor and Alertmanager in target all. #6204
+* [FEATURE] Ruler: Add an experimental flag `-ruler.query-response-format` to retrieve query response as a proto format. #6345
 * [FEATURE] Ruler: Pagination support for List Rules API. #6299
 * [FEATURE] Query Frontend/Querier: Add protobuf codec `-api.querier-default-codec` and the option to choose response compression type `-querier.response-compression`. #5527
 * [FEATURE] Ruler: Experimental: Add `ruler.frontend-address` to allow query to query frontends instead of ingesters. #6151
diff --git a/docs/configuration/config-file-reference.md b/docs/configuration/config-file-reference.md
index 211ad257116..9463d3a8347 100644
--- a/docs/configuration/config-file-reference.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/config-file-reference.md
@@ -4252,6 +4252,11 @@ The `ruler_config` configures the Cortex ruler.
 # CLI flag: -ruler.frontend-address
 [frontend_address: <string> | default = ""]
 
+# [Experimental] Query response format to get query results from Query Frontend
+# when the rule evaluation. Supported values: json,protobuf
+# CLI flag: -ruler.query-response-format
+[query_response_format: <string> | default = "protobuf"]
+
 frontend_client:
   # gRPC client max receive message size (bytes).
   # CLI flag: -ruler.frontendClient.grpc-max-recv-msg-size
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 9e1eaed558a..4e84b1f7e80 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/bboreham/go-loser v0.0.0-20230920113527-fcc2c21820a3
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0
 	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0
+	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822
 	github.com/sercand/kuberesolver/v4 v4.0.0
 	go.opentelemetry.io/collector/pdata v1.19.0
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20240613232115-7f521ea00fb8
@@ -186,7 +187,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
 	github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack v0.0.0-20190716064945-2f068394615f // indirect
 	github.com/ncw/swift v1.0.53 // indirect
 	github.com/oklog/run v1.1.0 // indirect
diff --git a/integration/ruler_test.go b/integration/ruler_test.go
index f7d16507d1a..0164a09c918 100644
--- a/integration/ruler_test.go
+++ b/integration/ruler_test.go
@@ -1670,42 +1670,61 @@ func TestRulerEvalWithQueryFrontend(t *testing.T) {
 	distributor := e2ecortex.NewDistributor("distributor", e2ecortex.RingStoreConsul, consul.NetworkHTTPEndpoint(), flags, "")
 	ingester := e2ecortex.NewIngester("ingester", e2ecortex.RingStoreConsul, consul.NetworkHTTPEndpoint(), flags, "")
 	require.NoError(t, s.StartAndWaitReady(distributor, ingester))
-	queryFrontend := e2ecortex.NewQueryFrontend("query-frontend", flags, "")
-	require.NoError(t, s.Start(queryFrontend))
-
-	ruler := e2ecortex.NewRuler("ruler", consul.NetworkHTTPEndpoint(), mergeFlags(flags, map[string]string{
-		"-ruler.frontend-address": queryFrontend.NetworkGRPCEndpoint(),
-	}), "")
-	querier := e2ecortex.NewQuerier("querier", e2ecortex.RingStoreConsul, consul.NetworkHTTPEndpoint(), mergeFlags(flags, map[string]string{
-		"-querier.frontend-address": queryFrontend.NetworkGRPCEndpoint(),
-	}), "")
-	require.NoError(t, s.StartAndWaitReady(ruler, querier))
-
-	c, err := e2ecortex.NewClient("", "", "", ruler.HTTPEndpoint(), user)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	for _, format := range []string{"protobuf", "json"} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("format:%s", format), func(t *testing.T) {
+			queryFrontendFlag := mergeFlags(flags, map[string]string{
+				"-ruler.query-response-format": format,
+			})
+			queryFrontend := e2ecortex.NewQueryFrontend("query-frontend", queryFrontendFlag, "")
+			require.NoError(t, s.Start(queryFrontend))
 
-	expression := "metric"
-	groupName := "rule_group"
-	ruleName := "rule_name"
-	require.NoError(t, c.SetRuleGroup(ruleGroupWithRule(groupName, ruleName, expression), namespace))
+			querier := e2ecortex.NewQuerier("querier", e2ecortex.RingStoreConsul, consul.NetworkHTTPEndpoint(), mergeFlags(queryFrontendFlag, map[string]string{
+				"-querier.frontend-address": queryFrontend.NetworkGRPCEndpoint(),
+			}), "")
+			require.NoError(t, s.StartAndWaitReady(querier))
 
-	rgMatcher := ruleGroupMatcher(user, namespace, groupName)
-	// Wait until ruler has loaded the group.
-	require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.Equals(1), []string{"cortex_prometheus_rule_group_rules"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(rgMatcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
-	// Wait until rule group has tried to evaluate the rule.
-	require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.GreaterOrEqual(1), []string{"cortex_prometheus_rule_evaluations_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(rgMatcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
+			rulerFlag := mergeFlags(queryFrontendFlag, map[string]string{
+				"-ruler.frontend-address": queryFrontend.NetworkGRPCEndpoint(),
+			})
+			ruler := e2ecortex.NewRuler("ruler", consul.NetworkHTTPEndpoint(), rulerFlag, "")
+			require.NoError(t, s.StartAndWaitReady(ruler))
 
-	matcher := labels.MustNewMatcher(labels.MatchEqual, "user", user)
-	// Check that cortex_ruler_query_frontend_clients went up
-	require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.Equals(1), []string{"cortex_ruler_query_frontend_clients"}, e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
-	// Check that cortex_ruler_queries_total went up
-	require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.GreaterOrEqual(1), []string{"cortex_ruler_queries_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(matcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
-	// Check that cortex_ruler_queries_failed_total is zero
-	require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.Equals(0), []string{"cortex_ruler_queries_failed_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(matcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
-	// Check that cortex_ruler_write_requests_total went up
-	require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.GreaterOrEqual(1), []string{"cortex_ruler_write_requests_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(matcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
-	// Check that cortex_ruler_write_requests_failed_total is zero
-	require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.Equals(0), []string{"cortex_ruler_write_requests_failed_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(matcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
+			t.Cleanup(func() {
+				_ = s.Stop(ruler)
+				_ = s.Stop(queryFrontend)
+				_ = s.Stop(querier)
+			})
+
+			c, err := e2ecortex.NewClient("", "", "", ruler.HTTPEndpoint(), user)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			expression := "metric" // vector
+			//expression := "scalar(count(up == 1)) > bool 1" // scalar
+			groupName := "rule_group"
+			ruleName := "rule_name"
+			require.NoError(t, c.SetRuleGroup(ruleGroupWithRule(groupName, ruleName, expression), namespace))
+
+			rgMatcher := ruleGroupMatcher(user, namespace, groupName)
+			// Wait until ruler has loaded the group.
+			require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.Equals(1), []string{"cortex_prometheus_rule_group_rules"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(rgMatcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
+			// Wait until rule group has tried to evaluate the rule.
+			require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.GreaterOrEqual(1), []string{"cortex_prometheus_rule_evaluations_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(rgMatcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
+			// Make sure not to fail
+			require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.Equals(0), []string{"cortex_prometheus_rule_evaluation_failures_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(rgMatcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
+
+			matcher := labels.MustNewMatcher(labels.MatchEqual, "user", user)
+			// Check that cortex_ruler_query_frontend_clients went up
+			require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.Equals(1), []string{"cortex_ruler_query_frontend_clients"}, e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
+			// Check that cortex_ruler_queries_total went up
+			require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.GreaterOrEqual(1), []string{"cortex_ruler_queries_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(matcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
+			// Check that cortex_ruler_queries_failed_total is zero
+			require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.Equals(0), []string{"cortex_ruler_queries_failed_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(matcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
+			// Check that cortex_ruler_write_requests_total went up
+			require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.GreaterOrEqual(1), []string{"cortex_ruler_write_requests_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(matcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
+			// Check that cortex_ruler_write_requests_failed_total is zero
+			require.NoError(t, ruler.WaitSumMetricsWithOptions(e2e.Equals(0), []string{"cortex_ruler_write_requests_failed_total"}, e2e.WithLabelMatchers(matcher), e2e.WaitMissingMetrics))
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func parseAlertFromRule(t *testing.T, rules interface{}) *alertingRule {
diff --git a/pkg/cortex/modules.go b/pkg/cortex/modules.go
index 00f0b10a203..f94a783121b 100644
--- a/pkg/cortex/modules.go
+++ b/pkg/cortex/modules.go
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ func (t *Cortex) initQueryFrontendTripperware() (serv services.Service, err erro
 	prometheusCodec := queryrange.NewPrometheusCodec(false, t.Cfg.Querier.ResponseCompression, t.Cfg.API.QuerierDefaultCodec)
 	// ShardedPrometheusCodec is same as PrometheusCodec but to be used on the sharded queries (it sum up the stats)
 	shardedPrometheusCodec := queryrange.NewPrometheusCodec(true, t.Cfg.Querier.ResponseCompression, t.Cfg.API.QuerierDefaultCodec)
-	instantQueryCodec := instantquery.NewInstantQueryCodec(t.Cfg.Querier.ResponseCompression, t.Cfg.API.QuerierDefaultCodec)
+	instantQueryCodec := instantquery.NewInstantQueryCodec(t.Cfg.Querier.ResponseCompression, t.Cfg.API.QuerierDefaultCodec, t.Cfg.Ruler.QueryResponseFormat)
 
 	queryRangeMiddlewares, cache, err := queryrange.Middlewares(
 		t.Cfg.QueryRange,
diff --git a/pkg/querier/codec/protobuf_codec.go b/pkg/querier/codec/protobuf_codec.go
index b835d573e8a..7052779502f 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/codec/protobuf_codec.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/codec/protobuf_codec.go
@@ -52,6 +52,11 @@ func createPrometheusQueryResponse(resp *v1.Response) (*tripperware.PrometheusRe
 				Samples: *getVectorSamples(data),
 			},
 		}
+	case model.ValScalar.String():
+		scalar := getScalar(data)
+		queryResult.Result = &tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar{
+			Scalar: &scalar,
+		}
 	default:
 		json := jsoniter.ConfigCompatibleWithStandardLibrary
 		rawBytes, err := json.Marshal(data)
@@ -141,6 +146,15 @@ func getVectorSamples(data *v1.QueryData) *[]tripperware.Sample {
 	return &vectorSamples
 }
 
+func getScalar(data *v1.QueryData) tripperware.Scalar {
+	s := data.Result.(promql.Scalar)
+
+	return tripperware.Scalar{
+		Value:       s.V,
+		TimestampMs: s.T,
+	}
+}
+
 func getStats(builtin *stats.BuiltinStats) *tripperware.PrometheusResponseSamplesStats {
 	queryableSamplesStatsPerStepLen := len(builtin.Samples.TotalQueryableSamplesPerStep)
 	queryableSamplesStatsPerStep := make([]*tripperware.PrometheusResponseQueryableSamplesStatsPerStep, queryableSamplesStatsPerStepLen)
diff --git a/pkg/querier/codec/protobug_codec_test.go b/pkg/querier/codec/protobug_codec_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bb95aae23b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/querier/codec/protobug_codec_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package codec
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	jsoniter "github.com/json-iterator/go"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql"
+	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql/parser"
+	v1 "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/web/api/v1"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+var (
+	json = jsoniter.Config{
+		EscapeHTML:             false, // No HTML in our responses.
+		SortMapKeys:            true,
+		ValidateJsonRawMessage: false,
+	}.Froze()
+)
+
+func TestPrometheusResponse_JsonMarshal(t *testing.T) {
+	var tests = []struct {
+		name         string
+		resp         *v1.Response
+		expectedJson string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "scalar",
+			resp: &v1.Response{
+				Status: "success",
+				Data: &v1.QueryData{
+					ResultType: "scalar",
+					Result:     promql.Scalar{T: 1000, V: 2},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedJson: `{"status":"success","data":{"resultType":"scalar","result":[1,"2"]}}`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "vector",
+			resp: &v1.Response{
+				Status: "success",
+				Data: &v1.QueryData{
+					ResultType: "vector",
+					Result: promql.Vector{
+						{
+							Metric: labels.FromStrings("name", "value"),
+							T:      1234,
+							F:      5.67,
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedJson: `{"status":"success","data":{"resultType":"vector","result":[{"metric":{"name":"value"},"value":[1.234,"5.67"]}]}}`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "matrix",
+			resp: &v1.Response{
+				Status: "success",
+				Data: &v1.QueryData{
+					ResultType: parser.ValueTypeMatrix,
+					Result: promql.Matrix{
+						{
+							Metric: labels.FromStrings("name1", "value1"),
+							Floats: []promql.FPoint{
+								{T: 12, F: 3.4},
+								{T: 56, F: 7.8},
+							},
+						},
+						{
+							Metric: labels.FromStrings("name2", "value2"),
+							Floats: []promql.FPoint{
+								{T: 12, F: 3.4},
+								{T: 56, F: 7.8},
+							},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedJson: `{"status":"success","data":{"resultType":"matrix","result":[{"metric":{"name1":"value1"},"values":[[0.012,"3.4"],[0.056,"7.8"]]},{"metric":{"name2":"value2"},"values":[[0.012,"3.4"],[0.056,"7.8"]]}]}}`,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			prometheusResponse, err := createPrometheusQueryResponse(test.resp)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			b, err := json.Marshal(prometheusResponse)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, test.expectedJson, string(b))
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/instantquery/instant_query.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/instantquery/instant_query.go
index 034090a8b9d..98a81798cb8 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/instantquery/instant_query.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/instantquery/instant_query.go
@@ -11,9 +11,11 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	jsoniter "github.com/json-iterator/go"
+	"github.com/munnerz/goautoneg"
 	"github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go"
 	otlog "github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go/log"
 	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
+	v1 "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/web/api/v1"
 	"github.com/weaveworks/common/httpgrpc"
 	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
 
@@ -28,16 +30,20 @@ var (
 		SortMapKeys:            true,
 		ValidateJsonRawMessage: false,
 	}.Froze()
+
+	protobufMIMEType = v1.MIMEType{Type: "application", SubType: "x-protobuf"}
+	jsonMIMEType     = v1.MIMEType{Type: "application", SubType: "json"}
 )
 
 type instantQueryCodec struct {
 	tripperware.Codec
-	compression      tripperware.Compression
-	defaultCodecType tripperware.CodecType
-	now              func() time.Time
+	compression              tripperware.Compression
+	defaultCodecType         tripperware.CodecType
+	now                      func() time.Time
+	rulerQueryResponseFormat string
 }
 
-func NewInstantQueryCodec(compressionStr string, defaultCodecTypeStr string) instantQueryCodec {
+func NewInstantQueryCodec(compressionStr string, defaultCodecTypeStr string, rulerQueryResponseFormat string) instantQueryCodec {
 	compression := tripperware.NonCompression // default
 	if compressionStr == string(tripperware.GzipCompression) {
 		compression = tripperware.GzipCompression
@@ -49,9 +55,10 @@ func NewInstantQueryCodec(compressionStr string, defaultCodecTypeStr string) ins
 	}
 
 	return instantQueryCodec{
-		compression:      compression,
-		defaultCodecType: defaultCodecType,
-		now:              time.Now,
+		compression:              compression,
+		defaultCodecType:         defaultCodecType,
+		now:                      time.Now,
+		rulerQueryResponseFormat: rulerQueryResponseFormat,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -114,6 +121,12 @@ func (instantQueryCodec) DecodeResponse(ctx context.Context, r *http.Response, _
 		if resp.Data.Result.GetVector().Samples == nil {
 			resp.Data.Result.GetVector().Samples = []tripperware.Sample{}
 		}
+	case model.ValScalar.String():
+		if resp.Data.Result.GetScalar() == nil {
+			resp.Data.Result.Result = &tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar{
+				Scalar: &tripperware.Scalar{},
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	if resp.Headers == nil {
@@ -167,7 +180,7 @@ func (c instantQueryCodec) EncodeRequest(ctx context.Context, r tripperware.Requ
 	return req.WithContext(ctx), nil
 }
 
-func (instantQueryCodec) EncodeResponse(ctx context.Context, res tripperware.Response) (*http.Response, error) {
+func (c instantQueryCodec) EncodeResponse(ctx context.Context, req *http.Request, res tripperware.Response) (*http.Response, error) {
 	sp, _ := opentracing.StartSpanFromContext(ctx, "APIResponse.ToHTTPResponse")
 	defer sp.Finish()
 
@@ -176,7 +189,7 @@ func (instantQueryCodec) EncodeResponse(ctx context.Context, res tripperware.Res
 		return nil, httpgrpc.Errorf(http.StatusInternalServerError, "invalid response format")
 	}
 
-	b, err := json.Marshal(a)
+	contentType, b, err := marshalResponse(a, req.Header.Get("Accept"))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, httpgrpc.Errorf(http.StatusInternalServerError, "error encoding response: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -185,7 +198,7 @@ func (instantQueryCodec) EncodeResponse(ctx context.Context, res tripperware.Res
 
 	resp := http.Response{
 		Header: http.Header{
-			"Content-Type": []string{tripperware.ApplicationJson},
+			"Content-Type": []string{contentType},
 		},
 		Body:          io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(b)),
 		StatusCode:    http.StatusOK,
@@ -213,3 +226,22 @@ func decorateWithParamName(err error, field string) error {
 	}
 	return fmt.Errorf(errTmpl, field, err)
 }
+
+func marshalResponse(resp *tripperware.PrometheusResponse, acceptHeader string) (string, []byte, error) {
+	if acceptHeader == "" {
+		b, err := json.Marshal(resp)
+		return tripperware.ApplicationJson, b, err
+	}
+
+	for _, clause := range goautoneg.ParseAccept(acceptHeader) {
+		if jsonMIMEType.Satisfies(clause) {
+			b, err := json.Marshal(resp)
+			return tripperware.ApplicationJson, b, err
+		} else if protobufMIMEType.Satisfies(clause) {
+			b, err := resp.Marshal()
+			return tripperware.ApplicationProtobuf, b, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal response with accept header: %s", acceptHeader)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/instantquery/instant_query_test.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/instantquery/instant_query_test.go
index 718bc460ab1..a997b99dbd2 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/instantquery/instant_query_test.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/instantquery/instant_query_test.go
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/querier/tripperware"
 )
 
-var testInstantQueryCodec = NewInstantQueryCodec(string(tripperware.NonCompression), string(tripperware.ProtobufCodecType))
+var testInstantQueryCodec = NewInstantQueryCodec(string(tripperware.NonCompression), string(tripperware.ProtobufCodecType), "json")
 
 const testHistogramResponse = `{"status":"success","data":{"resultType":"vector","result":[{"metric":{"__name__":"prometheus_http_request_duration_seconds","handler":"/metrics","instance":"localhost:9090","job":"prometheus"},"histogram":[1719528871.898,{"count":"6342","sum":"43.31319875499995","buckets":[[0,"0.0013810679320049755","0.0015060652591874421","1"],[0,"0.0015060652591874421","0.001642375811042411","7"],[0,"0.001642375811042411","0.0017910235218841233","5"],[0,"0.0017910235218841233","0.001953125","13"],[0,"0.001953125","0.0021298979153618314","19"],[0,"0.0021298979153618314","0.0023226701464896895","13"],[0,"0.0023226701464896895","0.002532889755177753","13"],[0,"0.002532889755177753","0.002762135864009951","15"],[0,"0.002762135864009951","0.0030121305183748843","12"],[0,"0.0030121305183748843","0.003284751622084822","34"],[0,"0.003284751622084822","0.0035820470437682465","188"],[0,"0.0035820470437682465","0.00390625","372"],[0,"0.00390625","0.004259795830723663","400"],[0,"0.004259795830723663","0.004645340292979379","411"],[0,"0.004645340292979379","0.005065779510355506","425"],[0,"0.005065779510355506","0.005524271728019902","425"],[0,"0.005524271728019902","0.0060242610367497685","521"],[0,"0.0060242610367497685","0.006569503244169644","621"],[0,"0.006569503244169644","0.007164094087536493","593"],[0,"0.007164094087536493","0.0078125","506"],[0,"0.0078125","0.008519591661447326","458"],[0,"0.008519591661447326","0.009290680585958758","346"],[0,"0.009290680585958758","0.010131559020711013","285"],[0,"0.010131559020711013","0.011048543456039804","196"],[0,"0.011048543456039804","0.012048522073499537","129"],[0,"0.012048522073499537","0.013139006488339287","85"],[0,"0.013139006488339287","0.014328188175072986","65"],[0,"0.014328188175072986","0.015625","54"],[0,"0.015625","0.01703918332289465","53"],[0,"0.01703918332289465","0.018581361171917516","20"],[0,"0.018581361171917516","0.020263118041422026","21"],[0,"0.020263118041422026","0.022097086912079608","15"],[0,"0.022097086912079608","0.024097044146999074","11"],[0,"0.024097044146999074","0.026278012976678575","2"],[0,"0.026278012976678575","0.028656376350145972","3"],[0,"0.028656376350145972","0.03125","3"],[0,"0.04052623608284405","0.044194173824159216","2"]]}]}]}}`
 
@@ -199,6 +199,12 @@ func TestCompressedResponse(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
+	jsonHttpReq := &http.Request{
+		Header: map[string][]string{
+			"Accept": {"application/json"},
+		},
+	}
+
 	for i, tc := range []struct {
 		jsonBody string
 		promBody *tripperware.PrometheusResponse
@@ -263,6 +269,7 @@ func TestResponse(t *testing.T) {
 					Result: tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult{
 						Result: &tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix{
 							Matrix: &tripperware.Matrix{
+
 								SampleStreams: []tripperware.SampleStream{
 									{
 										Labels: []cortexpb.LabelAdapter{
@@ -323,10 +330,13 @@ func TestResponse(t *testing.T) {
 			promBody: &tripperware.PrometheusResponse{
 				Status: "success",
 				Data: tripperware.PrometheusData{
-					ResultType: model.ValString.String(),
+					ResultType: model.ValScalar.String(),
 					Result: tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult{
-						Result: &tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult_RawBytes{
-							RawBytes: []byte(`{"resultType":"scalar","result":[1,"13"]}`),
+						Result: &tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar{
+							Scalar: &tripperware.Scalar{
+								Value:       13,
+								TimestampMs: 1000,
+							},
 						},
 					},
 				},
@@ -388,7 +398,8 @@ func TestResponse(t *testing.T) {
 				Body:          io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(tc.jsonBody))),
 				ContentLength: int64(len(tc.jsonBody)),
 			}
-			resp2, err := testInstantQueryCodec.EncodeResponse(context.Background(), resp)
+
+			resp2, err := testInstantQueryCodec.EncodeResponse(context.Background(), jsonHttpReq, resp)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			assert.Equal(t, response, resp2)
 		})
@@ -400,6 +411,11 @@ func TestMergeResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultReq := &tripperware.PrometheusRequest{
 		Query: "sum(up)",
 	}
+	jsonHttpReq := &http.Request{
+		Header: map[string][]string{
+			"Accept": {"application/json"},
+		},
+	}
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
 		name               string
 		req                tripperware.Request
@@ -665,7 +681,7 @@ func TestMergeResponse(t *testing.T) {
 				cancelCtx()
 				return
 			}
-			dr, err := testInstantQueryCodec.EncodeResponse(ctx, resp)
+			dr, err := testInstantQueryCodec.EncodeResponse(ctx, jsonHttpReq, resp)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedErr, err)
 			contents, err := io.ReadAll(dr.Body)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedErr, err)
@@ -680,6 +696,11 @@ func TestMergeResponseProtobuf(t *testing.T) {
 	defaultReq := &tripperware.PrometheusRequest{
 		Query: "sum(up)",
 	}
+	jsonHttpReq := &http.Request{
+		Header: map[string][]string{
+			"Accept": {"application/json"},
+		},
+	}
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
 		name               string
 		req                tripperware.Request
@@ -1680,7 +1701,7 @@ func TestMergeResponseProtobuf(t *testing.T) {
 				cancelCtx()
 				return
 			}
-			dr, err := testInstantQueryCodec.EncodeResponse(ctx, resp)
+			dr, err := testInstantQueryCodec.EncodeResponse(ctx, jsonHttpReq, resp)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedErr, err)
 			contents, err := io.ReadAll(dr.Body)
 			assert.Equal(t, tc.expectedErr, err)
@@ -1690,6 +1711,55 @@ func TestMergeResponseProtobuf(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func Test_marshalResponseContentType(t *testing.T) {
+	mockResp := &tripperware.PrometheusResponse{}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name                string
+		acceptHeader        string
+		expectedContentType string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:                "empty accept header",
+			acceptHeader:        "",
+			expectedContentType: "application/json",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                "type and subtype are *",
+			acceptHeader:        "*/*",
+			expectedContentType: "application/json",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                "subnet is *",
+			acceptHeader:        "application/*",
+			expectedContentType: "application/json",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                "json type",
+			acceptHeader:        "application/json",
+			expectedContentType: "application/json",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                "proto type",
+			acceptHeader:        "application/x-protobuf",
+			expectedContentType: "application/x-protobuf",
+		},
+		{
+			name:                "json type and proto type",
+			acceptHeader:        "application/json,application/x-protobuf",
+			expectedContentType: "application/json",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			contentType, _, err := marshalResponse(mockResp, test.acceptHeader)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, test.expectedContentType, contentType)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func Benchmark_Decode(b *testing.B) {
 	maxSamplesCount := 1000000
 	samples := make([]tripperware.SampleStream, maxSamplesCount)
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.go
index 28e7c2430b4..4042ab96621 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.go
@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@ import (
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/golang/snappy"
-
 	"github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/gogo/protobuf/proto"
+	"github.com/golang/snappy"
 	jsoniter "github.com/json-iterator/go"
 	"github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go"
 	otlog "github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go/log"
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ type Codec interface {
 	// EncodeRequest encodes a Request into an http request.
 	EncodeRequest(context.Context, Request) (*http.Request, error)
 	// EncodeResponse encodes a Response into an http response.
-	EncodeResponse(context.Context, Response) (*http.Response, error)
+	EncodeResponse(context.Context, *http.Request, Response) (*http.Response, error)
 }
 
 // Merger is used by middlewares making multiple requests to merge back all responses into a single one.
@@ -533,6 +532,19 @@ func (s *PrometheusData) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 				SampleStreams: result.SampleStreams,
 			}},
 		}
+	case model.ValScalar.String():
+		var result struct {
+			Scalar Scalar `json:"result"`
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &result); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		s.Result = PrometheusQueryResult{
+			Result: &PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar{Scalar: &Scalar{
+				TimestampMs: result.Scalar.TimestampMs,
+				Value:       result.Scalar.Value,
+			}},
+		}
 	default:
 		s.Result = PrometheusQueryResult{
 			Result: &PrometheusQueryResult_RawBytes{data},
@@ -566,6 +578,17 @@ func (s *PrometheusData) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 			Stats:      s.Stats,
 		}
 		return json.Marshal(res)
+	case model.ValScalar.String():
+		res := struct {
+			ResultType string                   `json:"resultType"`
+			Data       Scalar                   `json:"result"`
+			Stats      *PrometheusResponseStats `json:"stats,omitempty"`
+		}{
+			ResultType: s.ResultType,
+			Data:       *s.Result.GetScalar(),
+			Stats:      s.Stats,
+		}
+		return json.Marshal(res)
 	default:
 		return s.Result.GetRawBytes(), nil
 	}
@@ -769,3 +792,24 @@ func UnmarshalResponse(r *http.Response, buf []byte, resp *PrometheusResponse) e
 		return json.Unmarshal(buf, resp)
 	}
 }
+
+func (s *Scalar) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	return json.Marshal(model.Scalar{
+		Timestamp: model.Time(s.TimestampMs),
+		Value:     model.SampleValue(s.Value),
+	})
+}
+
+func (s *Scalar) UnmarshalJSON(buf []byte) error {
+	var sm model.Scalar
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(buf, &sm); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	*s = Scalar{
+		TimestampMs: int64(sm.Timestamp),
+		Value:       float64(sm.Value),
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.pb.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.pb.go
index 2e16fc9c6db..54a3ff10397 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.pb.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.pb.go
@@ -741,6 +741,7 @@ type PrometheusQueryResult struct {
 	//	*PrometheusQueryResult_Vector
 	//	*PrometheusQueryResult_RawBytes
 	//	*PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix
+	//	*PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar
 	Result isPrometheusQueryResult_Result `protobuf_oneof:"result"`
 }
 
@@ -792,10 +793,14 @@ type PrometheusQueryResult_RawBytes struct {
 type PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix struct {
 	Matrix *Matrix `protobuf:"bytes,3,opt,name=matrix,proto3,oneof"`
 }
+type PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar struct {
+	Scalar *Scalar `protobuf:"bytes,4,opt,name=scalar,proto3,oneof"`
+}
 
 func (*PrometheusQueryResult_Vector) isPrometheusQueryResult_Result()   {}
 func (*PrometheusQueryResult_RawBytes) isPrometheusQueryResult_Result() {}
 func (*PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix) isPrometheusQueryResult_Result()   {}
+func (*PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar) isPrometheusQueryResult_Result()   {}
 
 func (m *PrometheusQueryResult) GetResult() isPrometheusQueryResult_Result {
 	if m != nil {
@@ -825,12 +830,20 @@ func (m *PrometheusQueryResult) GetMatrix() *Matrix {
 	return nil
 }
 
+func (m *PrometheusQueryResult) GetScalar() *Scalar {
+	if x, ok := m.GetResult().(*PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar); ok {
+		return x.Scalar
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // XXX_OneofWrappers is for the internal use of the proto package.
 func (*PrometheusQueryResult) XXX_OneofWrappers() []interface{} {
 	return []interface{}{
 		(*PrometheusQueryResult_Vector)(nil),
 		(*PrometheusQueryResult_RawBytes)(nil),
 		(*PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix)(nil),
+		(*PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar)(nil),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -972,6 +985,57 @@ func (m *Matrix) GetSampleStreams() []SampleStream {
 	return nil
 }
 
+type Scalar struct {
+	TimestampMs int64   `protobuf:"varint,1,opt,name=timestamp_ms,json=timestampMs,proto3" json:"timestamp_ms,omitempty"`
+	Value       float64 `protobuf:"fixed64,2,opt,name=value,proto3" json:"value,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (m *Scalar) Reset()      { *m = Scalar{} }
+func (*Scalar) ProtoMessage() {}
+func (*Scalar) Descriptor() ([]byte, []int) {
+	return fileDescriptor_5c6ac9b241082464, []int{16}
+}
+func (m *Scalar) XXX_Unmarshal(b []byte) error {
+	return m.Unmarshal(b)
+}
+func (m *Scalar) XXX_Marshal(b []byte, deterministic bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	if deterministic {
+		return xxx_messageInfo_Scalar.Marshal(b, m, deterministic)
+	} else {
+		b = b[:cap(b)]
+		n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(b)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return b[:n], nil
+	}
+}
+func (m *Scalar) XXX_Merge(src proto.Message) {
+	xxx_messageInfo_Scalar.Merge(m, src)
+}
+func (m *Scalar) XXX_Size() int {
+	return m.Size()
+}
+func (m *Scalar) XXX_DiscardUnknown() {
+	xxx_messageInfo_Scalar.DiscardUnknown(m)
+}
+
+var xxx_messageInfo_Scalar proto.InternalMessageInfo
+
+func (m *Scalar) GetTimestampMs() int64 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.TimestampMs
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (m *Scalar) GetValue() float64 {
+	if m != nil {
+		return m.Value
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 func init() {
 	proto.RegisterType((*PrometheusResponse)(nil), "tripperware.PrometheusResponse")
 	proto.RegisterType((*PrometheusData)(nil), "tripperware.PrometheusData")
@@ -989,88 +1053,91 @@ func init() {
 	proto.RegisterType((*Vector)(nil), "tripperware.Vector")
 	proto.RegisterType((*Sample)(nil), "tripperware.Sample")
 	proto.RegisterType((*Matrix)(nil), "tripperware.Matrix")
+	proto.RegisterType((*Scalar)(nil), "tripperware.Scalar")
 }
 
 func init() { proto.RegisterFile("query.proto", fileDescriptor_5c6ac9b241082464) }
 
 var fileDescriptor_5c6ac9b241082464 = []byte{
-	// 1208 bytes of a gzipped FileDescriptorProto
-	0x1f, 0x8b, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0xff, 0xc4, 0x56, 0x4b, 0x6f, 0x1b, 0x55,
-	0x14, 0xf6, 0xf8, 0x31, 0x76, 0x8e, 0xd3, 0xa4, 0xdc, 0xf4, 0xe1, 0x94, 0x32, 0x63, 0x46, 0x20,
-	0x05, 0x41, 0x1d, 0x91, 0x0a, 0x10, 0x20, 0x2a, 0x3a, 0x50, 0x48, 0x0b, 0xa5, 0xed, 0x4d, 0x55,
-	0x24, 0x36, 0xd5, 0xb5, 0x7d, 0xeb, 0x0c, 0xf1, 0x3c, 0x7a, 0xe7, 0x4e, 0x13, 0xb3, 0x62, 0xcd,
-	0x02, 0xb1, 0x46, 0x62, 0xc1, 0x8e, 0x05, 0x3f, 0x24, 0xcb, 0x2e, 0x2b, 0x24, 0x46, 0xd4, 0xd9,
-	0xa0, 0x59, 0xf5, 0x27, 0xa0, 0xfb, 0x18, 0x7b, 0x9c, 0x38, 0x89, 0xba, 0x62, 0xe3, 0xcc, 0x39,
-	0xe7, 0x3b, 0xcf, 0x7b, 0x1e, 0x81, 0xe6, 0xe3, 0x84, 0xb2, 0x51, 0x27, 0x62, 0x21, 0x0f, 0x51,
-	0x93, 0x33, 0x2f, 0x8a, 0x28, 0xdb, 0x25, 0x8c, 0x5e, 0x3a, 0x37, 0x08, 0x07, 0xa1, 0xe4, 0xaf,
-	0x8b, 0x2f, 0x05, 0xb9, 0x64, 0x0d, 0xc2, 0x70, 0x30, 0xa4, 0xeb, 0x92, 0xea, 0x26, 0x8f, 0xd6,
-	0xfb, 0x09, 0x23, 0xdc, 0x0b, 0x03, 0x2d, 0x5f, 0x3d, 0x2c, 0x27, 0x81, 0xb6, 0x7e, 0xe9, 0xc3,
-	0x81, 0xc7, 0xb7, 0x93, 0x6e, 0xa7, 0x17, 0xfa, 0xeb, 0xbd, 0x90, 0x71, 0xba, 0x17, 0xb1, 0xf0,
-	0x7b, 0xda, 0xe3, 0x9a, 0x5a, 0x8f, 0x76, 0x06, 0xb9, 0xa0, 0xab, 0x3f, 0x94, 0xaa, 0xf3, 0x53,
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-	0x4b, 0x0e, 0xd6, 0x12, 0xf4, 0x25, 0x54, 0x3f, 0x27, 0x9c, 0xb4, 0xca, 0x6d, 0x63, 0xad, 0xb9,
-	0xf1, 0x6a, 0xa7, 0x90, 0x62, 0x67, 0x6a, 0x52, 0x40, 0xdc, 0x0b, 0xfb, 0xa9, 0x5d, 0xca, 0x52,
-	0x7b, 0xa9, 0x4f, 0x38, 0x79, 0x27, 0xf4, 0x3d, 0x4e, 0xfd, 0x88, 0x8f, 0xb0, 0x34, 0x80, 0xde,
-	0x83, 0x85, 0x1b, 0x8c, 0x85, 0xec, 0xfe, 0x28, 0xa2, 0xad, 0x8a, 0xf4, 0x77, 0x31, 0x4b, 0xed,
-	0x15, 0x9a, 0x33, 0x0b, 0x1a, 0x53, 0x24, 0x7a, 0x0b, 0x6a, 0x92, 0x68, 0x55, 0xa5, 0xca, 0x4a,
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+	0xdc, 0xcd, 0x27, 0xcf, 0xac, 0xca, 0xd3, 0x67, 0x56, 0xe5, 0xc5, 0x33, 0xcb, 0xf8, 0x7e, 0x6c,
+	0x19, 0xbf, 0x8e, 0x2d, 0xe3, 0x60, 0x6c, 0x19, 0x4f, 0xc6, 0x96, 0xf1, 0xd7, 0xd8, 0x32, 0xfe,
+	0x1e, 0x5b, 0x95, 0x17, 0x63, 0xcb, 0xf8, 0xe9, 0xb9, 0x55, 0x79, 0xf2, 0xdc, 0xaa, 0x3c, 0x7d,
+	0x6e, 0x55, 0xbe, 0x29, 0xff, 0x1b, 0xd0, 0x35, 0xe5, 0xd7, 0xc1, 0xd5, 0x7f, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0xff, 0xff, 0x35, 0xca, 0x86, 0x18, 0x29, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00,
 }
 
 func (this *PrometheusResponse) Equal(that interface{}) bool {
@@ -1585,6 +1652,30 @@ func (this *PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix) Equal(that interface{}) bool {
 	}
 	return true
 }
+func (this *PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar) Equal(that interface{}) bool {
+	if that == nil {
+		return this == nil
+	}
+
+	that1, ok := that.(*PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar)
+	if !ok {
+		that2, ok := that.(PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar)
+		if ok {
+			that1 = &that2
+		} else {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	if that1 == nil {
+		return this == nil
+	} else if this == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if !this.Scalar.Equal(that1.Scalar) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
 func (this *Vector) Equal(that interface{}) bool {
 	if that == nil {
 		return this == nil
@@ -1678,6 +1769,33 @@ func (this *Matrix) Equal(that interface{}) bool {
 	}
 	return true
 }
+func (this *Scalar) Equal(that interface{}) bool {
+	if that == nil {
+		return this == nil
+	}
+
+	that1, ok := that.(*Scalar)
+	if !ok {
+		that2, ok := that.(Scalar)
+		if ok {
+			that1 = &that2
+		} else {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	if that1 == nil {
+		return this == nil
+	} else if this == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if this.TimestampMs != that1.TimestampMs {
+		return false
+	}
+	if this.Value != that1.Value {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
 func (this *PrometheusResponse) GoString() string {
 	if this == nil {
 		return "nil"
@@ -1856,7 +1974,7 @@ func (this *PrometheusQueryResult) GoString() string {
 	if this == nil {
 		return "nil"
 	}
-	s := make([]string, 0, 7)
+	s := make([]string, 0, 8)
 	s = append(s, "&tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult{")
 	if this.Result != nil {
 		s = append(s, "Result: "+fmt.Sprintf("%#v", this.Result)+",\n")
@@ -1888,6 +2006,14 @@ func (this *PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix) GoString() string {
 		`Matrix:` + fmt.Sprintf("%#v", this.Matrix) + `}`}, ", ")
 	return s
 }
+func (this *PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar) GoString() string {
+	if this == nil {
+		return "nil"
+	}
+	s := strings.Join([]string{`&tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar{` +
+		`Scalar:` + fmt.Sprintf("%#v", this.Scalar) + `}`}, ", ")
+	return s
+}
 func (this *Vector) GoString() string {
 	if this == nil {
 		return "nil"
@@ -1936,6 +2062,17 @@ func (this *Matrix) GoString() string {
 	s = append(s, "}")
 	return strings.Join(s, "")
 }
+func (this *Scalar) GoString() string {
+	if this == nil {
+		return "nil"
+	}
+	s := make([]string, 0, 6)
+	s = append(s, "&tripperware.Scalar{")
+	s = append(s, "TimestampMs: "+fmt.Sprintf("%#v", this.TimestampMs)+",\n")
+	s = append(s, "Value: "+fmt.Sprintf("%#v", this.Value)+",\n")
+	s = append(s, "}")
+	return strings.Join(s, "")
+}
 func valueToGoStringQuery(v interface{}, typ string) string {
 	rv := reflect.ValueOf(v)
 	if rv.IsNil() {
@@ -2617,6 +2754,26 @@ func (m *PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, e
 	}
 	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
+func (m *PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:m.Size()])
+}
+
+func (m *PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	i := len(dAtA)
+	if m.Scalar != nil {
+		{
+			size, err := m.Scalar.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:i])
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+			i -= size
+			i = encodeVarintQuery(dAtA, i, uint64(size))
+		}
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x22
+	}
+	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
+}
 func (m *Vector) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
 	size := m.Size()
 	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
@@ -2752,6 +2909,40 @@ func (m *Matrix) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
 	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
 }
 
+func (m *Scalar) Marshal() (dAtA []byte, err error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	dAtA = make([]byte, size)
+	n, err := m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return dAtA[:n], nil
+}
+
+func (m *Scalar) MarshalTo(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	size := m.Size()
+	return m.MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA[:size])
+}
+
+func (m *Scalar) MarshalToSizedBuffer(dAtA []byte) (int, error) {
+	i := len(dAtA)
+	_ = i
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if m.Value != 0 {
+		i -= 8
+		encoding_binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(dAtA[i:], uint64(math.Float64bits(float64(m.Value))))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x11
+	}
+	if m.TimestampMs != 0 {
+		i = encodeVarintQuery(dAtA, i, uint64(m.TimestampMs))
+		i--
+		dAtA[i] = 0x8
+	}
+	return len(dAtA) - i, nil
+}
+
 func encodeVarintQuery(dAtA []byte, offset int, v uint64) int {
 	offset -= sovQuery(v)
 	base := offset
@@ -3064,6 +3255,18 @@ func (m *PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix) Size() (n int) {
 	}
 	return n
 }
+func (m *PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar) Size() (n int) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if m.Scalar != nil {
+		l = m.Scalar.Size()
+		n += 1 + l + sovQuery(uint64(l))
+	}
+	return n
+}
 func (m *Vector) Size() (n int) {
 	if m == nil {
 		return 0
@@ -3117,6 +3320,21 @@ func (m *Matrix) Size() (n int) {
 	return n
 }
 
+func (m *Scalar) Size() (n int) {
+	if m == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	var l int
+	_ = l
+	if m.TimestampMs != 0 {
+		n += 1 + sovQuery(uint64(m.TimestampMs))
+	}
+	if m.Value != 0 {
+		n += 9
+	}
+	return n
+}
+
 func sovQuery(x uint64) (n int) {
 	return (math_bits.Len64(x|1) + 6) / 7
 }
@@ -3337,6 +3555,16 @@ func (this *PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix) String() string {
 	}, "")
 	return s
 }
+func (this *PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar) String() string {
+	if this == nil {
+		return "nil"
+	}
+	s := strings.Join([]string{`&PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar{`,
+		`Scalar:` + strings.Replace(fmt.Sprintf("%v", this.Scalar), "Scalar", "Scalar", 1) + `,`,
+		`}`,
+	}, "")
+	return s
+}
 func (this *Vector) String() string {
 	if this == nil {
 		return "nil"
@@ -3379,6 +3607,17 @@ func (this *Matrix) String() string {
 	}, "")
 	return s
 }
+func (this *Scalar) String() string {
+	if this == nil {
+		return "nil"
+	}
+	s := strings.Join([]string{`&Scalar{`,
+		`TimestampMs:` + fmt.Sprintf("%v", this.TimestampMs) + `,`,
+		`Value:` + fmt.Sprintf("%v", this.Value) + `,`,
+		`}`,
+	}, "")
+	return s
+}
 func valueToStringQuery(v interface{}) string {
 	rv := reflect.ValueOf(v)
 	if rv.IsNil() {
@@ -5127,6 +5366,41 @@ func (m *PrometheusQueryResult) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 			}
 			m.Result = &PrometheusQueryResult_Matrix{v}
 			iNdEx = postIndex
+		case 4:
+			if wireType != 2 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Scalar", wireType)
+			}
+			var msglen int
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowQuery
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				msglen |= int(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+			if msglen < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthQuery
+			}
+			postIndex := iNdEx + msglen
+			if postIndex < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthQuery
+			}
+			if postIndex > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			v := &Scalar{}
+			if err := v.Unmarshal(dAtA[iNdEx:postIndex]); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			m.Result = &PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar{v}
+			iNdEx = postIndex
 		default:
 			iNdEx = preIndex
 			skippy, err := skipQuery(dAtA[iNdEx:])
@@ -5484,6 +5758,89 @@ func (m *Matrix) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+func (m *Scalar) Unmarshal(dAtA []byte) error {
+	l := len(dAtA)
+	iNdEx := 0
+	for iNdEx < l {
+		preIndex := iNdEx
+		var wire uint64
+		for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+			if shift >= 64 {
+				return ErrIntOverflowQuery
+			}
+			if iNdEx >= l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+			iNdEx++
+			wire |= uint64(b&0x7F) << shift
+			if b < 0x80 {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		fieldNum := int32(wire >> 3)
+		wireType := int(wire & 0x7)
+		if wireType == 4 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Scalar: wiretype end group for non-group")
+		}
+		if fieldNum <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("proto: Scalar: illegal tag %d (wire type %d)", fieldNum, wire)
+		}
+		switch fieldNum {
+		case 1:
+			if wireType != 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field TimestampMs", wireType)
+			}
+			m.TimestampMs = 0
+			for shift := uint(0); ; shift += 7 {
+				if shift >= 64 {
+					return ErrIntOverflowQuery
+				}
+				if iNdEx >= l {
+					return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+				}
+				b := dAtA[iNdEx]
+				iNdEx++
+				m.TimestampMs |= int64(b&0x7F) << shift
+				if b < 0x80 {
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		case 2:
+			if wireType != 1 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("proto: wrong wireType = %d for field Value", wireType)
+			}
+			var v uint64
+			if (iNdEx + 8) > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			v = uint64(encoding_binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(dAtA[iNdEx:]))
+			iNdEx += 8
+			m.Value = float64(math.Float64frombits(v))
+		default:
+			iNdEx = preIndex
+			skippy, err := skipQuery(dAtA[iNdEx:])
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if skippy < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthQuery
+			}
+			if (iNdEx + skippy) < 0 {
+				return ErrInvalidLengthQuery
+			}
+			if (iNdEx + skippy) > l {
+				return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+			}
+			iNdEx += skippy
+		}
+	}
+
+	if iNdEx > l {
+		return io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	return nil
+}
 func skipQuery(dAtA []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	l := len(dAtA)
 	iNdEx := 0
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.proto b/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.proto
index 013b73022a8..4b187e66f8c 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.proto
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/query.proto
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ message PrometheusQueryResult {
     Vector vector = 1;
     bytes rawBytes = 2;
     Matrix matrix = 3;
+    Scalar scalar = 4;
   }
 }
 
@@ -109,3 +110,8 @@ message Sample {
 message Matrix {
   repeated SampleStream sampleStreams = 1 [(gogoproto.nullable) = false];
 }
+
+message Scalar {
+  int64 timestamp_ms = 1;
+  double value = 2;
+}
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/query_test.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/query_test.go
index 08f149f43b0..32900f0ebc9 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/query_test.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/query_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,41 @@ import (
 	"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/util"
 )
 
+func TestScalarJsonMarshalUnmarshal(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		scalar   *Scalar
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "empty scalar",
+			scalar:   &Scalar{},
+			expected: `[0,"0"]`,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "normal scalar",
+			scalar: &Scalar{
+				TimestampMs: 123,
+				Value:       456,
+			},
+			expected: `[0.123,"456"]`,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			b, err := json.Marshal(test.scalar)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, test.expected, string(b))
+
+			var scalar Scalar
+			err = json.Unmarshal(b, &scalar)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, *test.scalar, scalar)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 // Same as https://github.com/prometheus/client_golang/blob/v1.19.1/api/prometheus/v1/api_test.go#L1577.
 func TestSampleHistogramPairJSONSerialization(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/marshaling_test.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/marshaling_test.go
index 4652a0e10bd..d0efd0e8d4d 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/marshaling_test.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/marshaling_test.go
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ func BenchmarkPrometheusCodec_EncodeResponse(b *testing.B) {
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 
 	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
-		_, err := PrometheusCodec.EncodeResponse(context.Background(), res)
+		_, err := PrometheusCodec.EncodeResponse(context.Background(), nil, res)
 		require.NoError(b, err)
 	}
 }
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/query_range.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/query_range.go
index 46f1affb48a..a71dd57c1cc 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/query_range.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/query_range.go
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ func (c prometheusCodec) DecodeResponse(ctx context.Context, r *http.Response, _
 	return &resp, nil
 }
 
-func (prometheusCodec) EncodeResponse(ctx context.Context, res tripperware.Response) (*http.Response, error) {
+func (prometheusCodec) EncodeResponse(ctx context.Context, _ *http.Request, res tripperware.Response) (*http.Response, error) {
 	sp, _ := opentracing.StartSpanFromContext(ctx, "APIResponse.ToHTTPResponse")
 	defer sp.Finish()
 
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/query_range_test.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/query_range_test.go
index 256d2800ff6..780077274dc 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/query_range_test.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/query_range_test.go
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ func TestResponse(t *testing.T) {
 				Body:          io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(tc.jsonBody))),
 				ContentLength: int64(len(tc.jsonBody)),
 			}
-			resp2, err := PrometheusCodec.EncodeResponse(context.Background(), resp)
+			resp2, err := PrometheusCodec.EncodeResponse(context.Background(), nil, resp)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			assert.Equal(t, response, resp2)
 			cancelCtx()
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ func TestResponseWithStats(t *testing.T) {
 				Body:          io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(tc.jsonBody))),
 				ContentLength: int64(len(tc.jsonBody)),
 			}
-			resp2, err := PrometheusCodec.EncodeResponse(context.Background(), resp)
+			resp2, err := PrometheusCodec.EncodeResponse(context.Background(), nil, resp)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			assert.Equal(t, response, resp2)
 		})
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/split_by_interval_test.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/split_by_interval_test.go
index 4d7e4a9a68a..028a1e16d85 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/split_by_interval_test.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/queryrange/split_by_interval_test.go
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ func TestSplitByDay(t *testing.T) {
 	mergedResponse, err := PrometheusCodec.MergeResponse(context.Background(), nil, parsedResponse, parsedResponse)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
-	mergedHTTPResponse, err := PrometheusCodec.EncodeResponse(context.Background(), mergedResponse)
+	mergedHTTPResponse, err := PrometheusCodec.EncodeResponse(context.Background(), nil, mergedResponse)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	mergedHTTPResponseBody, err := io.ReadAll(mergedHTTPResponse.Body)
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/roundtrip.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/roundtrip.go
index 4edcd51cc9b..73dad2f1184 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/roundtrip.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/roundtrip.go
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ func (q roundTripper) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	return q.codec.EncodeResponse(r.Context(), response)
+	return q.codec.EncodeResponse(r.Context(), r, response)
 }
 
 // Do implements Handler.
diff --git a/pkg/querier/tripperware/roundtrip_test.go b/pkg/querier/tripperware/roundtrip_test.go
index 7e6cf474a0d..9cdb1b8de02 100644
--- a/pkg/querier/tripperware/roundtrip_test.go
+++ b/pkg/querier/tripperware/roundtrip_test.go
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func (c mockCodec) DecodeRequest(_ context.Context, r *http.Request, _ []string)
 	return mockRequest{}, nil
 }
 
-func (c mockCodec) EncodeResponse(_ context.Context, resp Response) (*http.Response, error) {
+func (c mockCodec) EncodeResponse(_ context.Context, _ *http.Request, resp Response) (*http.Response, error) {
 	r := resp.(*mockResponse)
 	return &http.Response{
 		Header: http.Header{
diff --git a/pkg/ruler/frontend_client.go b/pkg/ruler/frontend_client.go
index e75997ce1aa..a3f697f1bba 100644
--- a/pkg/ruler/frontend_client.go
+++ b/pkg/ruler/frontend_client.go
@@ -22,22 +22,29 @@ const (
 	orgIDHeader      = "X-Scope-OrgID"
 	instantQueryPath = "/api/v1/query"
 	mimeTypeForm     = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
-	contentTypeJSON  = "application/json"
 )
 
+var jsonDecoder JsonDecoder
+var protobufDecoder ProtobufDecoder
+
 type FrontendClient struct {
 	client               httpgrpc.HTTPClient
 	timeout              time.Duration
 	prometheusHTTPPrefix string
-	jsonDecoder          JsonDecoder
+	queryResponseFormat  string
+	decoders             map[string]Decoder
 }
 
-func NewFrontendClient(client httpgrpc.HTTPClient, timeout time.Duration, prometheusHTTPPrefix string) *FrontendClient {
+func NewFrontendClient(client httpgrpc.HTTPClient, timeout time.Duration, prometheusHTTPPrefix, queryResponseFormat string) *FrontendClient {
 	return &FrontendClient{
 		client:               client,
 		timeout:              timeout,
 		prometheusHTTPPrefix: prometheusHTTPPrefix,
-		jsonDecoder:          JsonDecoder{},
+		queryResponseFormat:  queryResponseFormat,
+		decoders: map[string]Decoder{
+			jsonDecoder.ContentType():     jsonDecoder,
+			protobufDecoder.ContentType(): protobufDecoder,
+		},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -55,6 +62,14 @@ func (p *FrontendClient) makeRequest(ctx context.Context, qs string, ts time.Tim
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	acceptHeader := ""
+	switch p.queryResponseFormat {
+	case queryResponseFormatJson:
+		acceptHeader = jsonDecoder.ContentType()
+	case queryResponseFormatProtobuf:
+		acceptHeader = fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s", protobufDecoder.ContentType(), jsonDecoder.ContentType())
+	}
+
 	req := &httpgrpc.HTTPRequest{
 		Method: http.MethodPost,
 		Url:    p.prometheusHTTPPrefix + instantQueryPath,
@@ -63,7 +78,7 @@ func (p *FrontendClient) makeRequest(ctx context.Context, qs string, ts time.Tim
 			{Key: textproto.CanonicalMIMEHeaderKey("User-Agent"), Values: []string{fmt.Sprintf("Cortex/%s", version.Version)}},
 			{Key: textproto.CanonicalMIMEHeaderKey("Content-Type"), Values: []string{mimeTypeForm}},
 			{Key: textproto.CanonicalMIMEHeaderKey("Content-Length"), Values: []string{strconv.Itoa(len(body))}},
-			{Key: textproto.CanonicalMIMEHeaderKey("Accept"), Values: []string{contentTypeJSON}},
+			{Key: textproto.CanonicalMIMEHeaderKey("Accept"), Values: []string{acceptHeader}},
 			{Key: textproto.CanonicalMIMEHeaderKey(orgIDHeader), Values: []string{orgID}},
 		},
 	}
@@ -91,7 +106,15 @@ func (p *FrontendClient) InstantQuery(ctx context.Context, qs string, t time.Tim
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	vector, warning, err := p.jsonDecoder.Decode(resp.Body)
+	contentType := extractHeader(resp.Headers, "Content-Type")
+	decoder, ok := p.decoders[contentType]
+	if !ok {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown content type: %s", contentType)
+		level.Error(log).Log("err", err, "query", qs)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	vector, warning, err := decoder.Decode(resp.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		level.Error(log).Log("err", err, "query", qs)
 		return nil, err
@@ -103,3 +126,13 @@ func (p *FrontendClient) InstantQuery(ctx context.Context, qs string, t time.Tim
 
 	return vector, nil
 }
+
+func extractHeader(headers []*httpgrpc.Header, target string) string {
+	for _, h := range headers {
+		if h.Key == target && len(h.Values) > 0 {
+			return h.Values[0]
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
diff --git a/pkg/ruler/frontend_client_pool.go b/pkg/ruler/frontend_client_pool.go
index b9b512cfab1..7b131621aa6 100644
--- a/pkg/ruler/frontend_client_pool.go
+++ b/pkg/ruler/frontend_client_pool.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import (
 
 type frontendPool struct {
 	timeout              time.Duration
+	queryResponseFormat  string
 	prometheusHTTPPrefix string
 	grpcConfig           grpcclient.Config
 
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ type frontendPool struct {
 func newFrontendPool(cfg Config, log log.Logger, reg prometheus.Registerer) *client.Pool {
 	p := &frontendPool{
 		timeout:              cfg.FrontendTimeout,
+		queryResponseFormat:  cfg.QueryResponseFormat,
 		prometheusHTTPPrefix: cfg.PrometheusHTTPPrefix,
 		grpcConfig:           cfg.GRPCClientConfig,
 		frontendClientRequestDuration: promauto.With(reg).NewHistogramVec(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ func (f *frontendPool) createFrontendClient(addr string) (client.PoolClient, err
 	}
 
 	return &frontendClient{
-		FrontendClient: NewFrontendClient(httpgrpc.NewHTTPClient(conn), f.timeout, f.prometheusHTTPPrefix),
+		FrontendClient: NewFrontendClient(httpgrpc.NewHTTPClient(conn), f.timeout, f.prometheusHTTPPrefix, f.queryResponseFormat),
 		HealthClient:   grpc_health_v1.NewHealthClient(conn),
 	}, nil
 }
diff --git a/pkg/ruler/frontend_client_test.go b/pkg/ruler/frontend_client_test.go
index 104780f58c5..627c81a244d 100644
--- a/pkg/ruler/frontend_client_test.go
+++ b/pkg/ruler/frontend_client_test.go
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func TestTimeout(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	ctx := context.Background()
 	ctx = user.InjectOrgID(ctx, "userID")
-	frontendClient := NewFrontendClient(mockHTTPGRPCClient(mockClientFn), time.Second*5, "/prometheus")
+	frontendClient := NewFrontendClient(mockHTTPGRPCClient(mockClientFn), time.Second*5, "/prometheus", "json")
 	_, err := frontendClient.InstantQuery(ctx, "query", time.Now())
 	require.Equal(t, context.DeadlineExceeded, err)
 }
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func TestNoOrgId(t *testing.T) {
 	mockClientFn := func(ctx context.Context, _ *httpgrpc.HTTPRequest, _ ...grpc.CallOption) (*httpgrpc.HTTPResponse, error) {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	frontendClient := NewFrontendClient(mockHTTPGRPCClient(mockClientFn), time.Second*5, "/prometheus")
+	frontendClient := NewFrontendClient(mockHTTPGRPCClient(mockClientFn), time.Second*5, "/prometheus", "json")
 	_, err := frontendClient.InstantQuery(context.Background(), "query", time.Now())
 	require.Equal(t, user.ErrNoOrgID, err)
 }
@@ -148,10 +148,46 @@ func TestInstantQuery(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 			ctx := context.Background()
 			ctx = user.InjectOrgID(ctx, "userID")
-			frontendClient := NewFrontendClient(mockHTTPGRPCClient(mockClientFn), time.Second*5, "/prometheus")
+			frontendClient := NewFrontendClient(mockHTTPGRPCClient(mockClientFn), time.Second*5, "/prometheus", "json")
 			vector, err := frontendClient.InstantQuery(ctx, "query", time.Now())
 			require.Equal(t, test.expected, vector)
 			require.Equal(t, test.expectedErr, err)
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func Test_extractHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		description    string
+		headers        []*httpgrpc.Header
+		expectedOutput string
+	}{
+		{
+			description: "protobuf",
+			headers: []*httpgrpc.Header{
+				{
+					Key:    "Content-Type",
+					Values: []string{"application/x-protobuf"},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedOutput: "application/x-protobuf",
+		},
+		{
+			description: "json",
+			headers: []*httpgrpc.Header{
+				{
+					Key:    "Content-Type",
+					Values: []string{"application/json"},
+				},
+			},
+			expectedOutput: "application/json",
+		},
+	}
+
+	target := "Content-Type"
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(test.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, test.expectedOutput, extractHeader(test.headers, target))
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/ruler/frontend_decoder.go b/pkg/ruler/frontend_decoder.go
index c8e653a05f0..48902f47ac0 100644
--- a/pkg/ruler/frontend_decoder.go
+++ b/pkg/ruler/frontend_decoder.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
 	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql"
 
+	"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/querier/tripperware"
 	"github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/util/api"
 )
 
@@ -18,8 +19,18 @@ const (
 )
 
 type JsonDecoder struct{}
+type ProtobufDecoder struct{}
 type Warning []string
 
+type Decoder interface {
+	Decode(body []byte) (promql.Vector, Warning, error)
+	ContentType() string
+}
+
+func (j JsonDecoder) ContentType() string {
+	return "application/json"
+}
+
 func (j JsonDecoder) Decode(body []byte) (promql.Vector, Warning, error) {
 	var response api.Response
 
@@ -86,3 +97,51 @@ func (j JsonDecoder) scalarToPromQLVector(scalar model.Scalar) promql.Vector {
 		Metric: labels.Labels{},
 	}}
 }
+
+func (p ProtobufDecoder) ContentType() string {
+	return "application/x-protobuf"
+}
+
+func (p ProtobufDecoder) Decode(body []byte) (promql.Vector, Warning, error) {
+	resp := tripperware.PrometheusResponse{}
+	if err := resp.Unmarshal(body); err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	switch data := resp.Data.Result.Result.(type) {
+	case *tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult_Scalar:
+		return p.scalarToPromQLVector(data.Scalar), nil, nil
+	case *tripperware.PrometheusQueryResult_Vector:
+		return p.vectorToPromQLVector(data.Vector), nil, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, nil, errors.New("rule result is not a vector or scalar")
+	}
+}
+
+func (p ProtobufDecoder) vectorToPromQLVector(vector *tripperware.Vector) promql.Vector {
+	v := make([]promql.Sample, 0, len(vector.Samples))
+	for _, sample := range vector.Samples {
+		metric := make([]labels.Label, 0, len(sample.Labels))
+		for _, lb := range sample.Labels {
+			metric = append(metric, labels.Label{
+				Name:  lb.Name,
+				Value: lb.Value,
+			})
+		}
+		v = append(v, promql.Sample{
+			T:      sample.Sample.TimestampMs,
+			F:      sample.Sample.Value,
+			Metric: metric,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return v
+}
+
+func (p ProtobufDecoder) scalarToPromQLVector(scalar *tripperware.Scalar) promql.Vector {
+	return promql.Vector{promql.Sample{
+		T:      scalar.TimestampMs,
+		F:      scalar.Value,
+		Metric: labels.Labels{},
+	}}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/ruler/frontend_decoder_test.go b/pkg/ruler/frontend_decoder_test.go
index cc24fe732ba..34ac5860f03 100644
--- a/pkg/ruler/frontend_decoder_test.go
+++ b/pkg/ruler/frontend_decoder_test.go
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@ import (
 )
 
 func TestDecode(t *testing.T) {
-	jsonDecoder := JsonDecoder{}
-
 	tests := []struct {
 		description     string
 		body            string
diff --git a/pkg/ruler/ruler.go b/pkg/ruler/ruler.go
index d77b4d0a413..5094e4d305d 100644
--- a/pkg/ruler/ruler.go
+++ b/pkg/ruler/ruler.go
@@ -47,10 +47,13 @@ import (
 var (
 	supportedShardingStrategies = []string{util.ShardingStrategyDefault, util.ShardingStrategyShuffle}
 
+	supportedQueryResponseFormats = []string{queryResponseFormatJson, queryResponseFormatProtobuf}
+
 	// Validation errors.
-	errInvalidShardingStrategy   = errors.New("invalid sharding strategy")
-	errInvalidTenantShardSize    = errors.New("invalid tenant shard size, the value must be greater than 0")
-	errInvalidMaxConcurrentEvals = errors.New("invalid max concurrent evals, the value must be greater than 0")
+	errInvalidShardingStrategy    = errors.New("invalid sharding strategy")
+	errInvalidTenantShardSize     = errors.New("invalid tenant shard size, the value must be greater than 0")
+	errInvalidMaxConcurrentEvals  = errors.New("invalid max concurrent evals, the value must be greater than 0")
+	errInvalidQueryResponseFormat = errors.New("invalid query response format")
 )
 
 const (
@@ -82,6 +85,10 @@ const (
 	unknownHealthFilter string = "unknown"
 	okHealthFilter      string = "ok"
 	errHealthFilter     string = "err"
+
+	// query response formats
+	queryResponseFormatJson     = "json"
+	queryResponseFormatProtobuf = "protobuf"
 )
 
 type DisabledRuleGroupErr struct {
@@ -96,6 +103,8 @@ func (e *DisabledRuleGroupErr) Error() string {
 type Config struct {
 	// This is used for query to query frontend to evaluate rules
 	FrontendAddress string `yaml:"frontend_address"`
+	// Query response format of query frontend for evaluating rules
+	QueryResponseFormat string `yaml:"query_response_format"`
 	// HTTP timeout duration when querying to query frontend to evaluate rules
 	FrontendTimeout time.Duration `yaml:"-"`
 	// Query frontend GRPC Client configuration.
@@ -185,6 +194,10 @@ func (cfg *Config) Validate(limits validation.Limits, log log.Logger) error {
 	if cfg.ConcurrentEvalsEnabled && cfg.MaxConcurrentEvals <= 0 {
 		return errInvalidMaxConcurrentEvals
 	}
+
+	if !util.StringsContain(supportedQueryResponseFormats, cfg.QueryResponseFormat) {
+		return errInvalidQueryResponseFormat
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -207,6 +220,7 @@ func (cfg *Config) RegisterFlags(f *flag.FlagSet) {
 	flagext.DeprecatedFlag(f, "ruler.alertmanager-use-v2", "This flag is no longer functional. V1 API is deprecated and removed", util_log.Logger)
 
 	f.StringVar(&cfg.FrontendAddress, "ruler.frontend-address", "", "[Experimental] GRPC listen address of the Query Frontend, in host:port format. If set, Ruler queries to Query Frontends via gRPC. If not set, ruler queries to Ingesters directly.")
+	f.StringVar(&cfg.QueryResponseFormat, "ruler.query-response-format", queryResponseFormatProtobuf, fmt.Sprintf("[Experimental] Query response format to get query results from Query Frontend when the rule evaluation. Supported values: %s", strings.Join(supportedQueryResponseFormats, ",")))
 	cfg.ExternalURL.URL, _ = url.Parse("") // Must be non-nil
 	f.Var(&cfg.ExternalURL, "ruler.external.url", "URL of alerts return path.")
 	f.DurationVar(&cfg.EvaluationInterval, "ruler.evaluation-interval", 1*time.Minute, "How frequently to evaluate rules")