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include那些就不用写了吧，先写些基础理论概念qwq 首先

Most Python/C API functions have one or more arguments as well as a return value of type PyObject* ” 除了个别特殊情况，在C代码里py类型的存在形式就是PyObject*

PyObject* 有两个属性：type(类型)、reference(引用)

type:"An object’s type determines what kind of object it is"

e.g. integer类型，list类型，dict类型等等

e.g.如用PyList_Check(PyObject* a)若为true则a为list类型

reference: "it counts how many different places there are that have a reference to an object."

https://docs.python.org/3/c-api/intro.html#objects-types-and-reference-counts