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nfl_team_stats.R
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#NFL team stats
# Section 0: load packages ----
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(ggthemes)
library(rvest)
library(lubridate)
library(knitr)
library(rmarkdown)
library(reshape2)
library(extrafont)
#
#
#
# Section 1: OFFENSE ----
#scrape offense data using rvest package
url.offense.2015 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2015&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
url.offense.2014 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2014&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
url.offense.2013 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2013&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
url.offense.2012 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2012&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
url.offense.2011 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2011&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
url.offense.2010 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2010&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
url.offense.2009 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2009&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
url.offense.2008 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2008&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
url.offense.2007 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2007&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
url.offense.2006 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2006&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
url.offense.2005 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&offensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=TM&season=2005&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=2&d-447263-n=1"
#builds data frames from tables
offense.2015 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2015 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
offense.2014 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2014 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
offense.2013 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2013 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
offense.2012 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2012 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
offense.2011 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2011 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
offense.2010 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2010 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
offense.2009 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2009 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
offense.2008 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2008 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
offense.2007 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2007 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
offense.2006 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2006 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
offense.2005 <- as.data.frame(url.offense.2005 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
#adds year column to each dataframe
offense.2015$year <- "2015"
offense.2014$year <- "2014"
offense.2013$year <- "2013"
offense.2012$year <- "2012"
offense.2011$year <- "2011"
offense.2010$year <- "2010"
offense.2009$year <- "2009"
offense.2008$year <- "2008"
offense.2007$year <- "2007"
offense.2006$year <- "2006"
offense.2005$year <- "2005"
#combines and formats offensive data frames
offense <- rbind(offense.2015, offense.2014, offense.2013, offense.2012, offense.2011, offense.2010, offense.2009,
offense.2008, offense.2007, offense.2006, offense.2005)
names(offense) <- tolower(names(offense))
names(offense)[1] <- "rank"
names(offense)[3] <- "games"
names(offense)[4] <- "pts.game"
names(offense)[5] <- "tot.pts"
names(offense)[9] <- "firstdowns.game"
names(offense)[10] <- "conv.third"
names(offense)[11] <- "att.third"
names(offense)[12] <- "third.rate"
names(offense)[13] <- "conv.fourth"
names(offense)[14] <- "att.fourth"
names(offense)[15] <- "fourth.rate"
names(offense)[18] <- "timepos.game"
names(offense)[21] <- "turnovers"
offense$rank <- as.factor(offense$rank)
offense$team <- as.factor(offense$team)
offense$year <- as.factor(offense$year)
#adds PHI flag, useful for colors when plotting
offense$flag <- "Other"
offense$flag[offense$team == "Philadelphia Eagles"] <- "PHI"
offense$flag <- as.factor(offense$flag)
#removes comma separator and formats as.numeric
offense$scrm.plys <- as.numeric(gsub(',', '', offense$scrm.plys))
offense$pen.yds <- as.numeric(gsub(',', '', offense$pen.yds))
#formats time of possession using lubridate package
offense$timepos.game <- ms(offense$timepos.game)
#removes rank vector
offense$rank <- NULL
#checks structure
str(offense)
#
#
#
# Section 2: DEFENSE ----
#scrape offense data using rvest package
url.defense.2015 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2015&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
url.defense.2014 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2014&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
url.defense.2013 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2013&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
url.defense.2012 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2012&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
url.defense.2011 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2011&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
url.defense.2010 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2010&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
url.defense.2009 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2009&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
url.defense.2008 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2008&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
url.defense.2007 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2007&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
url.defense.2006 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2006&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
url.defense.2005 <- "http://www.nfl.com/stats/categorystats?tabSeq=2&defensiveStatisticCategory=GAME_STATS&conference=ALL&role=OPP&season=2005&seasonType=REG&d-447263-s=TOTAL_YARDS_GAME_AVG&d-447263-o=1&d-447263-n=1"
#builds data frames from tables
defense.2015 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2015 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
defense.2014 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2014 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
defense.2013 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2013 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
defense.2012 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2012 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
defense.2011 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2011 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
defense.2010 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2010 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
defense.2009 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2009 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
defense.2008 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2008 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
defense.2007 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2007 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
defense.2006 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2006 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
defense.2005 <- as.data.frame(url.defense.2005 %>% html() %>% html_nodes(xpath = '//*[@id="result"]') %>% html_table())
#adds year column to each dataframe
defense.2015$year <- "2015"
defense.2014$year <- "2014"
defense.2013$year <- "2013"
defense.2012$year <- "2012"
defense.2011$year <- "2011"
defense.2010$year <- "2010"
defense.2009$year <- "2009"
defense.2008$year <- "2008"
defense.2007$year <- "2007"
defense.2006$year <- "2006"
defense.2005$year <- "2005"
#combines and formats offensive data frames
defense <- rbind(defense.2015, defense.2014, defense.2013, defense.2012, defense.2011, defense.2010, defense.2009,
defense.2008, defense.2007, defense.2006, defense.2005)
names(defense) <- tolower(names(defense))
names(defense)[3] <- "def.games"
names(defense)[4] <- "pts.game.allowed"
names(defense)[5] <- "tot.pts.allowed"
names(defense)[6] <- "def.scrm.plys"
names(defense)[7] <- "def.yds.g"
names(defense)[8] <- "def.yds.p"
names(defense)[9] <- "firstdowns.game.allowed"
names(defense)[10] <- "conv.third.allowed"
names(defense)[11] <- "att.third.allowed"
names(defense)[12] <- "third.rate.allowed"
names(defense)[13] <- "conv.fourth.allowed"
names(defense)[14] <- "att.fourth.allowed"
names(defense)[15] <- "fourth.rate.allowed"
names(defense)[16] <- "def.pen"
names(defense)[17] <- "def.pen.yds"
names(defense)[18] <- "time.on.field"
names(defense)[19] <- "def.fum"
names(defense)[20] <- "def.fum.lost"
defense$team <- as.factor(defense$team)
defense$year <- as.factor(defense$year)
#removes comma separator and formats as.numeric
defense$def.scrm.plys <- as.numeric(gsub(',', '', defense$def.scrm.plys))
defense$def.pen.yds <- as.numeric(gsub(',', '', defense$def.pen.yds))
#formats time of possession using lubridate package
defense$time.on.field <- ms(defense$time.on.field)
#removes rank vector - dont need it
defense$rk <- NULL
#checks structure
str(defense)
#
#
#
#merges offense and defense data
stats <- left_join(offense, defense, by = c("team", "year"))
View(stats)
#
#
#
# Section 3: ggplot theme ----
#Global theme options - to easily all plots at once
font.type <- "Garamond"
background.color <- "#f1f1f1"
line.color <- "#d8d8d8"
title.color <- "#3C3C3C"
title.size <- 22
axis.color <- "#535353"
axis.size <- 14
transparency <- .7 #for alpha
line.size <- 1.6 #for geom_line()
point.size <- 3 #for geom_point()
theme_bg <-theme(panel.background=element_rect(fill=background.color)) +
theme(plot.background=element_rect(fill=background.color)) +
theme(panel.grid.major=element_line(colour=line.color,size=.60)) +
theme(panel.grid.minor=element_line(colour=line.color,size=.05)) +
theme(axis.ticks=element_blank()) +
theme(plot.title=element_text(face="bold",vjust=2, hjust=-.07, colour=title.color,size=title.size)) +
theme(axis.text.x=element_text(size=axis.size,colour=axis.color)) +
theme(axis.text.y=element_text(size=axis.size,colour=axis.color)) +
theme(axis.title.y=element_text(size=axis.size,colour=axis.color,vjust=1.5)) +
theme(axis.title.x=element_text(size=axis.size,colour=axis.color,vjust=-.5)) +
theme(text=element_text(family=font.type))
#Fonts to plug into font.type variable
"Lucida Sans"
"Gil Sans MT"
"Verdana"
"Trebuchet MS"
"Georgia"
"Garamond"
# Section 4: Stuff for R Markdown doc ----
#table of avg points per game by team for 2005-2015
team.pts <- stats %>% group_by(team) %>% summarise(mean.points = mean(pts.game)) %>% ungroup() %>%
arrange(desc(mean.points))
names(team.pts)[1] <- "Team"
names(team.pts)[2] <- "Avg. Points per Game: (2005-2015)"
#table of avg points per game by team for 2015
team.pts.2015 <- stats %>% filter(year == "2015") %>% group_by(team) %>%
summarise(mean.points = mean(pts.game)) %>% ungroup() %>% arrange(desc(mean.points))
#plots
(pts.vs.pen.yds <- ggplot(subset(stats, year == "2015"), aes(x=pen.yds/games, y=pts.game)) +
geom_point(size=3, alpha=.6) + labs(x="\nPenalty Yards per Game", y="Points per Game\n",
title = "Points per Game vs. Penalty Yards per Game (2015)\n") + theme_bg)
(pts.vs.pen <- ggplot(subset(stats, year == "2015"), aes(x=pen/games, y=pts.game)) +
geom_point(size=3, alpha=.6) + labs(x="\nPenalties per Game", y="Points per Game\n",
title = "Points per Game vs. Penalties per Game (2015)\n") + theme_bg)
(def.pts.2015 <- ggplot(subset(stats,year == "2015"), aes(x=reorder(team,-pts.game.allowed), y=pts.game.allowed, fill=flag)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", alpha=.6) + labs(x="", y="Points per Game Allowed\n", title = "Points Allowed: 2005-2015\n") +
guides(fill=FALSE) + scale_fill_manual(values = c("gray37", "darkgreen")) +
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) + theme_bg)
(pts.vs.defpen <- ggplot(subset(stats, year == "2015"), aes(x=def.pen/games, y=pts.game.allowed)) +
geom_point(size=3, alpha=.6) + labs(x="\n Defensive Penalties per Game", y="Points per GameAllowed\n", title = "Points per Game Allowed vs. Defensive Penalties per Game\n(2015)\n") + theme_bg)
(pts.vs.defpenyds <- ggplot(subset(stats, year == "2015"), aes(x=def.pen.yds/games, y=pts.game.allowed)) +
geom_point(size=3, alpha=.6) + labs(x="\n Defensive Penalties per Game", y="Points per GameAllowed\n", title = "Points per Game Allowed vs. Defensive Penalties per Game\n(2015)\n") + theme_bg)
(first.downs <- ggplot(stats, aes(x=year, y=firstdowns.game)) +
geom_boxplot(alpha=.6) + labs(x="", y="First Downs per Game", title = "Distribution of 1st Downs") + theme_bg)
(points <- ggplot(stats, aes(x=year, y=pts.game)) +
geom_boxplot(alpha=.6) + labs(x="", y="Points per Game", title = "Distribution of Points") + theme_bg)
(third.downs <- ggplot(subset(stats, year == "2015"), aes(x=reorder(team, -third.rate.allowed), y=third.rate.allowed, fill = flag)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", alpha=transparency) + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1, vjust=.2)) + theme_bg +
guides(fill=FALSE) + labs(x="", y="Percentage of 3rd-Down Conversionas Allowed by Defense", title="3rd Downs Allowed in 2015") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("gray37","darkgreen")))
(def.pen.yds <- ggplot(subset(stats, year == "2015"), aes(x=reorder(team, -def.pen.yds/def.games), y=def.pen.yds/def.games, fill = flag)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", alpha=transparency) + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1, vjust=.2)) + theme_bg +
guides(fill=FALSE) + labs(x="", y="Yards", title="Defensive Penalty Yards Per Game in 2015") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("gray37","darkgreen")))
(off.pen.yds <- ggplot(subset(stats, year == "2015"), aes(x=reorder(team, -pen.yds/def.games), y=pen.yds/def.games, fill = flag)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", alpha=transparency) + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1, vjust=.2)) + theme_bg +
guides(fill=FALSE) + labs(x="", y="Yards", title="Offensive Penalty Yards Per Game in 2015") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("gray37","darkgreen")))
(pen.yds <- ggplot(subset(stats, year == "2015"), aes(x=pen.yds, y=def.pen.yds)) +
geom_point(size=point.size, alpha=transparency) + labs(x="Offensive Penalty Yards", y="Defensive Penalty Yards", title = "Defensive vs Offensive Penalty Yards") +
theme_bg)
(first.downs.allowed <- ggplot(subset(stats, year == "2015"), aes(x=reorder(team, -firstdowns.game.allowed), y=firstdowns.game.allowed, fill = flag)) +
geom_bar(stat="identity", alpha=transparency) + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1, vjust=.2)) + theme_bg +
guides(fill=FALSE) + labs(x="", y="First Downs", title="First Downs Allowed Per Game in 2015") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("gray37","darkgreen")))