GH-47734: [Python] Fix hypothesis timedelta bounds for duration/interval types (#48460)

### Rationale for this change

Unbounded hypothesis timedeltas overflow int64 storage when converted to duration[ns]; this adds safe bounds like we're doing it for timestamps.

Assuming from the code, I think overflow is happening here:

https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/203437b4d6848885de72f32bfb3017919373a736/python/pyarrow/tests/strategies.py#L144

https://github.com/HypothesisWorks/hypothesis/blob/7288aa8f07f6ba61093b1eac6571d13632f31a54/hypothesis-python/src/hypothesis/strategies/_internal/datetime.py#L347C5-L350

Simple example would be:

```python
pa.array([datetime.timedelta.max], type=pa.duration('ns'))
```

Disclaimer: I cannot reproduce it in my local so I can't confirm that the above is correct. There should be something else but I think it's good to set the bounds in any event. 

### What changes are included in this PR?

Explicitly set the bounds for `st.timedeltas` in hypothesis. 90% of the capacity when it's a nano second.

### Are these changes tested?

Passed in #48460 (comment)

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No, test-only.

* GitHub Issue: #47734

Authored-by: Hyukjin Kwon <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <[email protected]>

Author: HyukjinKwon

python/pyarrow/tests/strategies.py

@@ -323,9 +323,25 @@ def arrays(draw, type, size=None, nullable=True):
         value = st.datetimes(timezones=st.just(tz), min_value=min_datetime,
                              max_value=max_datetime)
     elif pa.types.is_duration(ty):
-        value = st.timedeltas()
+        if ty.unit in ('s', 'ms'):
+            min_value = datetime.timedelta.min
+            max_value = datetime.timedelta.max
+        elif ty.unit == 'us':
+            max_int64 = 2**63 - 1
+            max_days = max_int64 // (86400 * 10**6)
+            min_value = datetime.timedelta(days=-max_days)
+            max_value = datetime.timedelta(days=max_days)
+        else:  # 'ns'
+            # Empirically tested value
+            min_value = datetime.timedelta(days=-96_075)
+            max_value = datetime.timedelta(days=96_075)
+        value = st.timedeltas(min_value=min_value, max_value=max_value)
     elif pa.types.is_interval(ty):
-        value = st.timedeltas()
+        # Empirically tested value
+        value = st.timedeltas(
+            min_value=datetime.timedelta(days=-96_075),
+            max_value=datetime.timedelta(days=96_075)
+        )
     elif pa.types.is_binary(ty) or pa.types.is_large_binary(ty):
         value = st.binary()
     elif pa.types.is_string(ty) or pa.types.is_large_string(ty):