diff --git a/activemq-client/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/ActiveMQConnection.java b/activemq-client/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/ActiveMQConnection.java
index b9f0eebf9a..cf1f0bdd07 100644
--- a/activemq-client/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/ActiveMQConnection.java
+++ b/activemq-client/src/main/java/org/apache/activemq/ActiveMQConnection.java
@@ -2029,25 +2029,45 @@ public void onClientInternalException(final Throwable error) {
      * @param error
      */
     public void onAsyncException(Throwable error) {
-        if (!closed.get() && !closing.get()) {
-            if (this.exceptionListener != null) {
-
-                if (!(error instanceof JMSException)) {
-                    error = JMSExceptionSupport.create(error);
+        if (this.exceptionListener != null) {
+            if (!(error instanceof JMSException)) {
+                error = JMSExceptionSupport.create(error);
+            }
+            final JMSException e = (JMSException) error;
+            // Submit directly to executor bypassing closed/closing guards
+            // to ensure exception notifications are never silently dropped
+            try {
+                executor.execute(() -> exceptionListener.onException(e));
+            } catch (final RejectedExecutionException re) {
+                LOG.debug("Could not notify exception listener asynchronously (executor terminated), notifying inline: {}", error.getMessage());
+                try {
+                    exceptionListener.onException(e);
+                } catch (final Exception ex) {
+                    LOG.debug("Exception during inline ExceptionListener notification", ex);
                 }
-                final JMSException e = (JMSException) error;
-                executeAsync(() -> exceptionListener.onException(e));
-
-            } else {
-                LOG.debug("Async exception with no exception listener: {}", error, error);
             }
+        } else {
+            LOG.debug("Async exception with no exception listener: {}", error, error);
         }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onException(final IOException error) {
-        onAsyncException(error);
-        executeAsync(() -> {
+        // Combine JMS ExceptionListener and TransportListener notifications
+        // into a single async task to prevent a race condition where the
+        // ExceptionListener (e.g. ConnectionPool) closes the connection and
+        // shuts down the executor before the TransportListener task is queued.
+        final Runnable exceptionTask = () -> {
+            // Notify JMS ExceptionListener first (same as onAsyncException)
+            if (exceptionListener != null) {
+                try {
+                    final JMSException jmsError = JMSExceptionSupport.create(error);
+                    exceptionListener.onException(jmsError);
+                } catch (final Exception e) {
+                    LOG.debug("Exception during JMS ExceptionListener notification", e);
+                }
+            }
+
             transportFailed(error);
             ServiceSupport.dispose(ActiveMQConnection.this.transport);
             brokerInfoReceived.countDown();
@@ -2059,7 +2079,16 @@ public void onException(final IOException error) {
             for (final TransportListener listener : transportListeners) {
                 listener.onException(error);
             }
-        });
+        };
+
+        // Submit directly to executor bypassing closed/closing guards
+        // to ensure transport failure handling is never silently dropped
+        try {
+            executor.execute(exceptionTask);
+        } catch (final RejectedExecutionException e) {
+            LOG.debug("Could not execute exception task asynchronously (executor terminated), executing inline");
+            exceptionTask.run();
+        }
     }
 
     @Override