Run arbitrary serializable passes with `tket-c-api`

[aborgna-q]

This issue subsumes #2057.

Add a call to tket-c-api similar to circuit_from_json and a way to execute them on circuits, something like

typedef struct TketPass PassPtr;
TketPass *tket_pass_from_json(const char *json_str);
TketError tket_apply_pass(TketCircuit *circuit, TketPass *pass);
void tket_free_pass(TketPass *pass);

This will enable us to run arbitrary (serializable) passes on the new tket-py bindings.