Port PauliEvolutionGate to Rust #15450
Description
Summary
We should add the PauliEvolutionGate as native gate in Rust, such that (1) we can represent and build evolution circuits and PBC circuits via C and without Python and (2) have a more efficient PBC pipeline.
Details
As part of this we might consider normalizing the operator type of the PauliEvolutionGate to be the Rust-native SparseObservable (with some additional logic to remain backward compatible). If this turns out to be too invasive, we could turn towards implementing a Rust-native PauliRotationGate to unlock the PBC pipelines from C.