references.bib

@article{beechie_etal2010ProcessbasedPrinciples,
  title = {Process-Based {{Principles}} for {{Restoring River Ecosystems}}},
  author = {Beechie, Timothy J. and Sear, David A. and Olden, Julian D. and Pess, George R. and Buffington, John M. and Moir, Hamish and Roni, Philip and Pollock, Michael M.},
  date = {2010-03},
  journaltitle = {BioScience},
  volume = {60},
  number = {3},
  pages = {209--222},
  issn = {1525-3244, 0006-3568},
  doi = {10.1525/bio.2010.60.3.7},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article-lookup/doi/10.1525/bio.2010.60.3.7},
  urldate = {2022-12-12},
  abstract = {Process-based restoration aims to reestablish normative rates and magnitudes of physical, chemical, and biological processes that sustain river and floodplain ecosystems. Ecosystem conditions at any site are governed by hierarchical regional, watershed, and reach-scale processes controlling hydrologic and sediment regimes; floodplain and aquatic habitat dynamics; and riparian and aquatic biota. We outline and illustrate four process-based principles that ensure river restoration will be guided toward sustainable actions: (1) restoration actions should address the root causes of degradation, (2) actions must be consistent with the physical and biological potential of the site, (3) actions should be at a scale commensurate with environmental problems, and (4) actions should have clearly articulated expected outcomes for ecosystem dynamics. Applying these principles will help avoid common pitfalls in river restoration, such as creating habitat types that are outside of a site’s natural potential, attempting to build static habitats in dynamic environments, or constructing habitat features that are ultimately overwhelmed by unconsidered system drivers.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/RP6YYK4Q/beechie_et_al_2010_process-based_principles_for_restoring_river_ecosystems.pdf}
}

@misc{bustard_schell2002ConservingMorice,
  title = {Conserving {{Morice Watershed Fish Populations}} and Their {{Habitat}}},
  author = {Bustard, D and Schell, C},
  date = {2002},
  url = {https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/Library/315091.pdf},
  urldate = {2021-03-04},
  organization = {Community Futures Development Corporation of Nadina},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/HP2PWVUQ/bustard_schell_2002_conserving_morice_watershed_fish_populations_and_their_habitat.pdf}
}

@online{canada2008CanadianAquatic,
  type = {navigation page;guidance},
  title = {Canadian {{Aquatic Biomonitoring Network}} Resources},
  author = {Canada, Environment {and} Climate Change},
  date = {2008-02-15},
  url = {https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/canadian-aquatic-biomonitoring-network/resources.html},
  urldate = {2024-10-17},
  abstract = {Resources},
  langid = {english},
  annotation = {Last Modified: 2024-02-02},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/GX3IHW6R/resources.html}
}

@article{casi2021TraditionalEcological,
  title = {Traditional {{Ecological Knowledge}}},
  author = {Casi, Corinna},
  date = {2021},
  journaltitle = {Situating Sustainability: A Handbook of Contexts and Concepts},
  url = {https://www.academia.edu/80806168/Traditional_Ecological_Knowledge},
  urldate = {2025-02-19},
  abstract = {This chapter argues that the concept of Traditional Ecological Knowlegde means more than the accumulated environmental knowledge and comprehension of natural phenomena. Rather, it is constituted by a set of evolving beliefs and practices that},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/6KPAGRIG/casi_2021_traditional_ecological_knowledge.pdf;/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/QUSMPWPY/Traditional_Ecological_Knowledge.html}
}

@article{ciotti_etal2021DesignCriteria,
  title = {Design {{Criteria}} for {{Process-Based Restoration}} of {{Fluvial Systems}}},
  author = {Ciotti, Damion C and Mckee, Jared and Pope, Karen L and Kondolf, G Mathias and Pollock, Michael M},
  date = {2021-08-02},
  journaltitle = {BioScience},
  volume = {71},
  number = {8},
  pages = {831--845},
  issn = {0006-3568, 1525-3244},
  doi = {10.1093/biosci/biab065},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/71/8/831/6307424},
  urldate = {2022-12-12},
  abstract = {Process-based restoration of fluvial systems removes human constraints on nature to promote ecological recovery. By freeing natural processes, a resilient ecosystem may be restored with minimal corrective intervention. However, there is a lack of meaningful design criteria to allow designers to evaluate whether a project is likely to achieve process-based restoration objectives. We describe four design criteria to evaluate a project’s potential: the expansion of fluvial process space and connectivity lost because of human alterations, the use of intrinsic natural energy to do the work of restoration, the use of native materials that do not overstabilize project elements, and the explicit incorporation of time and adaptive management into project design to place sites on recovery trajectories as opposed to attempts to “restore” sites via a single intervention. Applications include stream and infrastructure design and low-carbon construction. An example is presented in California’s Sierra Nevada foothills.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/HBTJEMKQ/ciotti_et_al_2021_design_criteria_for_process-based_restoration_of_fluvial_systems.pdf}
}

@book{ClimateChange2014SynthesisReportGenevaSwitzerlandIntergovernmentalPanelClimateChangeIPCC2014,
  title = {Climate {{Change}} 2014: {{Synthesis Report}}. {{Geneva}}, {{Switzerland}}: {{Intergovernmental Panel}} on {{Climate Change}} ({{IPCC}}).},
  shorttitle = {Climate {{Change}} 2014},
  date = {2014},
  publisher = {{Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [[Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)IPCC}},
  isbn = {978-92-9169-143-2},
  pagetotal = {151}
}

@article{cluer_thorne2014StreamEvolution,
  title = {A {{Stream Evolution Model Integrating Habitat And Ecosystem Benefits}}: {{SEM Incorporating Habitat And Ecosystem Benefits}}},
  shorttitle = {A {{STREAM EVOLUTION MODEL INTEGRATING HABITAT AND ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS}}},
  author = {Cluer, B. and Thorne, C.},
  date = {2014-02},
  journaltitle = {River Research and Applications},
  shortjournal = {River Res. Applic.},
  volume = {30},
  number = {2},
  pages = {135--154},
  issn = {15351459},
  doi = {10.1002/rra.2631},
  url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rra.2631},
  urldate = {2022-12-07},
  abstract = {For decades, Channel Evolution Models have provided useful templates for understanding morphological responses to disturbance associated with lowering base level, channelization or alterations to the flow and/or sediment regimes. In this paper, two well-established Channel Evolution Models are revisited and updated in light of recent research and practical experience. The proposed Stream Evolution Model includes a precursor stage, which recognizes that streams may naturally be multi-threaded prior to disturbance, and represents stream evolution as a cyclical, rather than linear, phenomenon, recognizing an evolutionary cycle within which streams advance through the common sequence, skip some stages entirely, recover to a previous stage or even repeat parts of the evolutionary cycle.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/5NXAZYJ2/cluer_thorne_2014_a_stream_evolution_model_integrating_habitat_and_ecosystem_benefits_-_sem.pdf}
}

@misc{data_fish_obs,
  title = {Known {{BC}} Fish Observations and {{BC}} Fish Distributions},
  author = {{MoE}},
  date = {2019},
  url = {https://catalogue.data.gov.bc.ca/dataset/known-bc-fish-observations-and-bc-fish-distributions},
  howpublished = {Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy - Knowledge Management}
}

@misc{departmentoffisheriesandoceans1991Fishhabitat,
  title = {Fish Habitat Inventory and Information Program {{SISS Stream Summary Catalogue}}. {{Subdistrict 4D}}, {{Smithers}} ({{Volume}} 2). {{Bulkley}}.},
  author = {{Department of Fisheries and Oceans}},
  date = {1991},
  url = {https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library-bibliotheque/40602369.pdf},
  annotation = {https://waves-vagues.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library-bibliotheque/40602369.pdf},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/DVGMM832/department_of_fisheries_and_oceans_1991_fish_habitat_inventory_and_information_program_siss_stream_summary_catalogue..pdf}
}

@report{dyson1949BulkleyFalls,
  title = {Bulkley {{Falls Investigation Report}}},
  author = {Dyson, J.B.},
  date = {1949},
  url = {https://data.skeenasalmon.info/dataset/0af0ecf8-0d55-4d48-9bde-d869db0fb71a/resource/b3360add-f7df-4906-8cb5-c2cb4a3e7fa9/download/bulkley-falls-investigation-dfo-1949.pdf},
  urldate = {2022-04-12},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/TR5EMWR4/dyson_1949_bulkley_falls_investigation_report.pdf}
}

@misc{eccc2016Climatedata,
  title = {Climate Data and Scenarios for {{Canada}}: {{Synthesis}} of Recent Observation and Modelling Results},
  author = {{ECCC}},
  date = {2016},
  url = {https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/eccc/En84-132-2016-eng.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-03-05},
  organization = {Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/T37WJSCY/eccc_2016_climate_data_and_scenarios_for_canada_-_synthesis_of_recent_observation_and.pdf}
}

@misc{flnro2013BulkleyRiver,
  title = {Bulkley {{River Angling Management Plan}}},
  author = {{FLNRO}},
  date = {2013},
  url = {https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/plants-animals-and-ecosystems/fish-fish-habitat/fishery-resources/region-6-skeena/skeena-amp-bulkley-river-2013.pdf},
  urldate = {2021-02-22},
  organization = {Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO)}
}

@misc{flnro2013OverviewAngling,
  title = {Overview of {{Angling}}  {{Management Plans}} for the {{Skeena Watershed}}},
  author = {{FLNRO}},
  date = {2013},
  url = {https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/plants-animals-and-ecosystems/fish-fish-habitat/fishery-resources/region-6-skeena/skeena-amp-overview-2013.pdf},
  urldate = {2021-02-22},
  organization = {Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO)}
}

@misc{flnrord2017NaturalResource,
  title = {Natural {{Resource Stewardship Monitoring}} and {{Assessment Report}} for the {{Wet}}’suwet’en {{Hereditary Territory}}},
  author = {{FLNRORD}},
  date = {2017},
  url = {https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/forestry/integrated-monitoring/nrsmonitoringandassessmentreport-wetsuweten.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-02-18},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/NTRVCVXH/flnrord_2017_natural_resource_stewardship_monitoring_and_assessment_report_for_the.pdf}
}

@misc{flnrord2019FreshwaterFishing,
  title = {Freshwater {{Fishing Regulations Synopsis}}},
  author = {{FLNRORD}},
  date = {2019},
  url = {https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/sports-recreation-arts-and-culture/outdoor-recreation/fishing-and-hunting/freshwater-fishing/region_6_skeena.pdf},
  urldate = {2021-02-22},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations \& Rural Development (FLNRORD)}
}

@misc{gaboury_smith2016DevelopmentAquatic,
  title = {Development {{Of Aquatic Restoration Designs And On-Farm Cattle Management Improvements}} within the {{Wet}}’suwet’en {{First Nation Territory}}},
  author = {Gaboury, M.N. and Smith, J.J.},
  date = {2016},
  organization = {Prepared by: Wet’suwet’en First Nation, Yinka Dene Economic Development Limited Partnership Inc. and LGL Ltd.  Prepared for: Fish Habitat Restoration Initiative Fishieries and Oceans Canada Ecosytem Management Branch},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/4AAI682C/gaboury_smith_2016_development_of_aquatic_restoration_designs_and_on-farm_cattle_management.pdf}
}

@report{gottesfeld_etal2002ConservingSkeena,
  title = {Conserving {{Skeena Fish Populations}} and {{Their Habitat}} - {{Skeena Stage I Watershed-based Fish Sustainability Plan}}},
  author = {Gottesfeld, Allen and Rabnett, Ken and Hall, Peter},
  date = {2002},
  institution = {Skeena Fisheries Commission},
  url = {https://www.psf.ca/sites/default/files/Skeena%20WFSP%2012%20%28low%20res%29.pdf},
  urldate = {2020-06-21}
}

@misc{gottesfeld_rabnett2007SkeenaFish,
  title = {Skeena {{Fish Populations}} and Their {{Habitat}}},
  author = {Gottesfeld, A and Rabnett, K},
  date = {2007},
  organization = {Skeena Fisheries Commission},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/IQ89I7BK/gottesfeld_rabnett_2007_skeena_fish_populations_and_their_habitat.pdf}
}

@thesis{harris2011Yinkadinii,
  type = {mathesis},
  title = {Yinka Dinii Ha Ba Ten, the Ways of the People of the Earth: A Social-Ecological Framework for Sustainability},
  author = {Harris, Sandra Martin},
  date = {2011-08},
  institution = {University of Northern British Columbia},
  location = {Prince George, B.C.},
  url = {https://unbc.arcabc.ca/islandora/object/unbc%3A16575?solr_nav%5Bid%5D=211239513a91efe5652d&solr_nav%5Bpage%5D=0&solr_nav%5Boffset%5D=0},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/XX7CDJB3/Harris - 2011 - Yinka dinii ha ba ten, the ways of the people of the earth a social-ecological framework for sustai.pdf}
}

@article{ignace2000TraditionalEcological,
  title = {Traditional {{Ecological Knowledge}} and {{Wisdom}} of {{Aboriginal Peoples}} in {{British Columbia}}},
  author = {Ignace, Marianne},
  date = {2000-10-01},
  journaltitle = {Ecological Applications},
  url = {https://www.academia.edu/110887273/Traditional_Ecological_Knowledge_and_Wisdom_of_Aboriginal_Peoples_in_British_Columbia},
  urldate = {2025-02-19},
  abstract = {JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/WB5E5ER7/ignace_2000_traditional_ecological_knowledge_and_wisdom_of_aboriginal_peoples_in_british.pdf;/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/E2QI2S7N/Traditional_Ecological_Knowledge_and_Wisdom_of_Aboriginal_Peoples_in_British_Columbia.html}
}

@misc{ilmb2007MoriceLand,
  title = {Morice {{Land}} and {{Resource Management Plan}}},
  author = {{ILMB}},
  date = {2007},
  url = {https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/natural-resource-use/land-water-use/crown-land/land-use-plans-and-objectives/skeena-region/morice-lrmp/morice_lrmp_july2007.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-03-05},
  organization = {\{Ministry of Agriculture and Lands - Integrated Land Management Bureau (ILMB)\vphantom\}},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/MVDJKSSJ/ilmb_2007_morice_land_and_resource_management_plan.pdf}
}

@misc{irvine2021BulkleyRiver,
  title = {Bulkley {{River}} and {{Morice River Watershed Groups Fish Passage Restoration Planning}}},
  author = {{Irvine}},
  date = {2021},
  url = {https://newgraphenvironment.github.io/fish_passage_bulkley_2020_reporting/},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/A8D26EZV/irvine_2021_bulkley_river_and_morice_river_watershed_groups_fish_passage_restoration.pdf}
}

@misc{irvine2022BulkleyRiver,
  title = {Bulkley {{River}} and {{Morice River Watershed Groups Fish Passage Restoration Planning}} 2021},
  author = {{Irvine}},
  date = {2022},
  origdate = {2021-12-06T16:33:42Z},
  url = {https://github.com/NewGraphEnvironment/fish_passage_skeena_2021_reporting},
  urldate = {2022-05-24}
}

@misc{irvine2023BulkleyWatershed,
  title = {Bulkley {{Watershed Fish Passage Restoration Planning}} 2022},
  author = {Irvine, A},
  date = {2023},
  url = {https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_bulkley_2022_reporting/},
  urldate = {2024-03-21},
  abstract = {Bulkley Fish Passage Planning 2022},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/LHFU5UYR/fish_passage_bulkley_2022_reporting.html}
}

@misc{johnston_slaney1996FishHabitat,
  title = {Fish {{Habitat Assessment Procedures}}},
  author = {Johnston, N.T. and Slaney, P.A.},
  date = {1996},
  url = {https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/documents/r15711/Fish_Habitat_Assessment_Procedures_1229454360370_60d06fb366d66d9a96f0f58ea082db1abc58c0fc1e3805cd799cd37fc0143bdb.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-01-16},
  annotation = {Watershed Restoration Technical Circular No. 8 revised April 1996},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/P5CX3A8R/johnston_slaney_1996_fish_habitat_assessment_procedures.pdf}
}

@misc{meyer2018DeerCreek,
  title = {Deer {{Creek}}: {{Stage}} 0 {{Alluvial Valley Restoration}} in the {{Western Cascades}} of {{Oregon}}},
  author = {Meyer, Kate},
  date = {2018},
  url = {https://www.fs.usda.gov/biology/nsaec/assets/streamnotes2018-05.pdf},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Stage 0 example projects},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/GKMK56BF/meyer_2018_deer_creek_-_stage_0_alluvial_valley_restoration_in_the_western_cascades_of.pdf}
}

@online{ministryofforestsRiparianmanagement,
  title = {Riparian Management Area Guidebook - {{Province}} of {{British Columbia}}},
  author = {{Ministry of Forests}},
  publisher = {Province of British Columbia},
  url = {https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/industry/forestry/managing-our-forest-resources/silviculture/silvicultural-systems/silviculture-guidebooks/riparian-management-area-guidebook},
  urldate = {2024-02-16},
  abstract = {Riparian Management Area Guidebook},
  langid = {english},
  annotation = {Last Modified: 2024-01-08},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/BXVJA2W9/riparian-management-area-guidebook.html}
}

@misc{moe2024BritishColumbia,
  title = {The {{British Columbia Field Sampling Manual}} – {{Part E1}} – {{Surface Water}}},
  author = {{moE}},
  date = {2024},
  howpublished = {Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy (MoE)},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/EK2VVU5U/2024 - The British Columbia Field Sampling Manual – Part .pdf}
}

@misc{ncfdc1998MidBulkleyDetailed,
  title = {Mid-{{Bulkley Detailed Fish Habitat}}/{{Riparian}}/{{Channel Assessment}} for {{Watershed Restoration}}},
  author = {{NCFDC}},
  date = {1998},
  url = {https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/public/viewReport.do?reportId=8931},
  urldate = {2020-07-29},
  organization = {Nadina Community Futures Development Corporation (NCFDC)},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/33222K2G/ncfdc_1998_mid-bulkley_detailed_fish_habitat-riparian-channel_assessment_for_watershed.pdf;/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/AGU7Y3I4/ncfdc_1998_mid-bulkley_detailed_fish_habitat-riparian-channel_assessment_for_watershed.pdf}
}

@report{nijman1996Waterquality,
  title = {Water Quality Assessment and Objectives for the Bulkley River Headwaters},
  author = {Nijman, R.A.},
  namea = {Phippen, B.},
  nameatype = {collaborator},
  date = {1996-09},
  institution = {{Water Quality Branch, Environmental Protection Department, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks}},
  location = {Victoria, B.C.},
  url = {https://data.skeenasalmon.info/dataset/afb4c887-61ca-49b7-99ed-55fbd104195d/resource/721fa692-96ff-4c94-b862-88c5b562a936/download/bulkley-water-quality-overview-nijman-revised-updated-phippen-1996.pdf},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/CT4FJH9Z/nijman_1996_water_quality_assessment_and_objectives_for_the_bulkley_river_headwaters.pdf}
}

@software{norris2024smnorrisbcfishpass,
  title = {Smnorris/Bcfishpass},
  author = {Norris, Simon},
  date = {2024-01-12T18:16:11Z},
  origdate = {2020-11-07T01:26:03Z},
  url = {https://github.com/smnorris/bcfishpass},
  urldate = {2024-03-12},
  abstract = {Model and monitor aquatic habitat connectivity in BC. Tools to plan and prioritize the assessment and remediation of barriers.},
  keywords = {british-columbia,connectivity,culverts,digital-road-atlas,dra,fish-habitat-models,fish-observation,fish-passage,freshwater-atlas,fwa,gradient-barriers,pscis,restoration,roads,stream-network}
}

@misc{officeofthewetsuweten2013Wetsuwet,
  title = {Wet’suwet’en {{Title}} and {{Rights Regarding Canada Department}} of {{Fisheries}} \& {{Oceans And Pacific Trails Pipeline}}.},
  author = {{Office of the Wet'suwet'en}},
  date = {2013},
  url = {http://www.wetsuweten.com/files/PTP_FHCP_Response_to_DFO-25Nov13-Final.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-02-18},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/9FAFD28T/office_of_the_wet'suwet'en_2013_wet’suwet’en_title_and_rights_regarding_canada_department_of_fisheries_&_oceans.pdf}
}

@online{OfficeWetsuweten2021,
  title = {Office of the {{Wet}}'suwet'en},
  date = {2021},
  url = {http://www.wetsuweten.com/},
  urldate = {2024-02-18},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/PZS4WXNU/www.wetsuweten.com.html}
}

@report{oliver2018Analysiswater,
  title = {Analysis of Water Quality Monitoring in the {{Morice Water Management Area}}},
  author = {Oliver, Allison},
  date = {2018},
  url = {https://data.skeenasalmon.info/dataset/analysis-of-water-quality-monitoring-in-the-morice-water-management-area/resource/17125deb-57c3-4a91-b64c-377735bc2c32},
  urldate = {2020-06-21}
}

@misc{oliver2020Analysis2017,
  title = {Analysis of 2017 {{Water Quality Monitoring}}: {{Upper Bulkley River Watershed}}},
  author = {Oliver, Allison},
  date = {2020},
  url = {https://data.skeenasalmon.info/en_AU/dataset/analysis-of-2017-water-quality-monitoring-upper-bulkley-river-watershed},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/QTD5WGZ4/oliver_2020_analysis_of_2017_water_quality_monitoring_-_upper_bulkley_river_watershed.pdf}
}

@article{polvi_wohl2013BioticDrivers,
  title = {Biotic {{Drivers}} of {{Stream Planform}}: {{Implications}} for {{Understanding}} the {{Past}} and {{Restoring}} the {{Future}}},
  shorttitle = {Biotic {{Drivers}} of {{Stream Planform}}},
  author = {Polvi, Lina and Wohl, Ellen},
  date = {2013-06-01},
  journaltitle = {BioScience},
  shortjournal = {BioScience},
  volume = {63},
  pages = {439--452},
  doi = {10.1525/bio.2013.63.6.6},
  abstract = {provides insight into both the longer-term range of riv-erine forms and processes under a similar hydroclimatic regime and the underlying landscape template for resto-ration. Along the continuum of restoration from purely process-based modeling to restoring to a reference condi-tion, analysis of the historical range of variability of channel planform bridges these extremes by to reconstruct the past without requiring all biotic and physical processes and their interactions to be fully understood, a requirement that can be very difficult to meet in many systems. Biotic influences on stream planform Stream planform is typically characterized as a single-thread channel or as a multithread channel, with secondary channels that branch and rejoin downstream. Single-thread channels are further distinguished as straight or meandering on the basis of sinuosity, which is the ratio of a channel's length to its straight-line distance; a meandering channel has a sinuosity greater than 1.5. Multithread channels can be dif-ferentiated as braided channels, in which flow is separated by bars within a defined channel, or as anabranching channels, in which individual channels are separated by vegetated or otherwise stable bars and islands that are broad and long relative to the width of the channels and that divide flows at P rocess-based restoration of fluvial systems is intended},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/MPQMX8DK/polvi_wohl_2013_biotic_drivers_of_stream_planform_-_implications_for_understanding_the_past_and.pdf}
}

@misc{price2014UpperBulkleya,
  title = {Upper {{Bulkley}} Floodplain Habitat: Modifications, Physical Barriers, and Sites of  Potential Importance to Salmonids – {{Final Report}}},
  shorttitle = {Upper {{Bulkley Floodplain Habitat}}},
  author = {Price, Michael},
  date = {2014},
  url = {https://data.skeenasalmon.info/dataset/upper-bulkley-floodplain-habitat-modifications-physical-barriers-sites-of-importance-to-salmonids/resource/62440a32-6fdc-47f9-8596-35213cee84ce},
  urldate = {2021-02-08},
  abstract = {The purpose of this assessment report was to document human-induced modifications to floodplain habitat and river channelization, investigate potential barriers to fish migration, and to assess...},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/7JCL42Y3/price_2014_upper_bulkley_floodplain_habitat_-_modifications,_physical_barriers,_and_sites.pdf;/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/6HFBA3YD/62440a32-6fdc-47f9-8596-35213cee84ce.html}
}

@report{remington_donas2000Nutrientsalgae,
  title = {Nutrients and Algae in the Upper Bulkley River Watershed, 1997-2000},
  author = {Remington, D. and Donas, B.},
  date = {2000-05},
  institution = {Community Futures Development Corporation of Nadina},
  location = {Houston, B.C.},
  url = {http://maps.skeenasalmon.info/layers/geonode%3Awq_algae_remington_2000_upper_bulkley_2018_09_12},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/HI9ZCGTL/Remington and Donas - 2000 - Nutrients and algae in the upper bulkley river watershed, 1997-2000.pdf}
}

@misc{schell2003BriefOverview,
  title = {A {{Brief Overview}} of {{Fish}}, {{Fisheries}} and {{Aquatic Habitat Resources}} in the {{Morice TSA}}},
  author = {Schell, Chris},
  date = {2003},
  url = {https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/library/ffip/Schell_C2003.pdf},
  langid = {english},
  organization = {Morice Land and Resource Management Plan}
}

@book{shahverdian_etal2019ChapterBackground,
  title = {Chapter 1 - {{Background}} and {{Purpose}}: {{In Low-Tech Process-Based Restoration}} of {{Riverscapes}}: {{Design Manual}}},
  shorttitle = {Chapter 1 - {{Background}} and {{Purpose}}},
  author = {Shahverdian, Scott and Wheaton, Joseph and Bennett, Stephen and Bouwes, Nick and Maestas, Jeremy},
  date = {2019-03-01},
  doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.14138.03529},
  abstract = {- Riverscapes are composed of connected floodplain and channel habitats that together make up the valley bottom.  - The scope of degradation of riverscapes is massive. Tens of thousands of miles of riverscapes are in poor or fair condition. - Structural-starvation is both a direct cause of degradation, as well as a consequence of land use changes and direct modification of stream and riparian areas. - Engineering-based restoration tends to emphasize channel form and stability, rather than promoting the processes that create and maintain healthy riverscapes, which leads to increased costs and a limited ability to restore more miles of riverscapes. - Process-based restoration focuses on restoring physical processes that lead to healthy riverscapes. - Low-cost, simple, hand-built structures have been used for over a century. Restoration principles are needed to guide the use of low-tech structures in order to address the scope of degradation, which will require that practitioners "let the system do the work." - The overarching goal of low-tech restoration is to improve the health of as many miles of riverscapes as possible and to promote and maintain the full range of self-sustaining riverscape processes.},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/YRJZVY8R/shahverdian_et_al_2019_chapter_1_-_background_and_purpose_-_in_low-tech_process-based_restoration_of.pdf}
}

@online{skeenaknowledgetrustUBRWater,
  title = {{{UBR Water Temperature Monitoring Dashboard Draft}} | {{Tableau Public}}},
  author = {{Skeena Knowledge Trust}},
  url = {https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/skeena.knowledge.trust/viz/UBRWaterTemperatureMonitoringDashboardDraft/UBRWaterTemp_Dashboard},
  urldate = {2024-10-17},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/JWJRJDUV/UBRWaterTemp_Dashboard.html}
}

@report{stokes1956UpperBulkley,
  title = {Upper {{Bulkley River Survey}} 1956},
  author = {Stokes, J},
  date = {1956},
  url = {https://data.skeenasalmon.info/dataset/6d9cc7a6-683e-4de5-879e-77b592882a35/resource/9ff7c750-1a1d-40b3-9ee1-6bbb46bdf38e/download/dfo-ubulkley-hab-survey-1956.pdf},
  urldate = {2022-04-12}
}

@online{universityofbritishcolumbialibraryDelgamuukwTrial,
  title = {Delgamuukw {{Trial Transcripts Collection}}},
  author = {{University of British Columbia Library}},
  url = {https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/delgamuukw},
  urldate = {2025-02-19},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/KC2DZPHR/delgamuukw.html}
}

@report{westcott2022UpperBulkley,
  title = {Upper {{Bulkley River Watershed Water Temperature Monitoring Program}} 2016-21 {{Data Report}}},
  author = {Westcott, Bob},
  date = {2022},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/GDIEY9YS/westcott_2022_upper_bulkley_river_watershed_water_temperature_monitoring_program_2016-21_data.pdf}
}

@article{westcott2022UpperBulkleya,
  title = {Upper {{Bulkley River Watershed Water Temperature Monitoring Program}} 2016-21 {{Data Report}}},
  author = {Westcott, Bob},
  date = {2022},
  url = {https://data.skeenasalmon.info/en_AU/dataset/upper-bulkley-water-temperature-monitoring-data/resource/995cca24-a884-4a56-816f-37991378d652},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/3D335NRE/Westcott - Upper Bulkley River Watershed Water Temperature Mo.pdf}
}

@inreference{Wetsuweten2022a,
  title = {Wetʼsuwetʼen},
  booktitle = {Wikipedia},
  date = {2022},
  url = {https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wet%CA%BCsuwet%CA%BCen&oldid=1122718916},
  urldate = {2024-02-18},
  abstract = {The Wetʼsuwetʼen (English:   wet-SOH-ih-tin) are a First Nation who live on the Bulkley River and around Burns Lake, Broman Lake, and François Lake in the northwestern Central Interior of British Columbia. The endonym Wetʼsuwetʼen means "People of the Wa Dzun Kwuh River (Bulkley River)".The Wetʼsuwetʼen are a branch of the Dakelh or Carrier people, and in combination with the Babine people have been referred to as the Western Carrier. They speak Witsuwitʼen, a dialect of the Babine-Witsuwitʼen language which, like its sister language Carrier, is a member of the Athabaskan family. Their oral history, called kungax, recounts that their ancestral village, Dizkle or Dzilke, once stood upstream from the Bulkley Canyon. This cluster of cedar houses on both sides of the river is said to have been abandoned because of an omen of impending disaster. The exact location of the village has been lost. The neighbouring Gitxsan people of the Hazelton area have a similar tale, though the village in their version is named Dimlahamid (Temlahan).},
  langid = {english},
  annotation = {Page Version ID: 1122718916},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/QHGU3MRB/index.html}
}

@online{WidzinKwahWaterSustainabilityProject,
  title = {Widzin {{Kwah Water Sustainability Project}}},
  url = {https://www.widzinkwahproject.ca/about-project},
  urldate = {2024-03-07},
  abstract = {The Widzin Kwah Water Sustainability Project is located on the Wet’suwet’en yintah. The Wet’suwet'en governance system includes five clans and 13 house groups which have caretaking responsibilities for the yintah (territories) and t’oh (water). The Wet’suwet’en have stewarded the Widzin Kwah watersh},
  langid = {canadian},
  organization = {Widzin Kwah Water Sustainability Project},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/YA36XP8R/about-project.html}
}

@article{wilson_rabnett2007FishPassage,
  title = {Fish {{Passage Assessment}} of {{Highway}} 16 and {{CN Rail}} in the {{Bulkley Watershed}}},
  author = {Wilson, Tim and Rabnett, Ken},
  date = {2007},
  pages = {124},
  url = {https://data.skeenasalmon.info/dataset/fish-passage-assessment-highway-16-cn-rail-bulkley},
  urldate = {2020-11-22},
  abstract = {This Bulkley fish passage assessment is part of a larger regional effort to improve fish passage limited by highways and secondary roads throughout the Skeena Basin. The purpose of this report is to present background information and survey results for fish passage assessments conducted at stream crossings of Highway \#16 and CN Rail in the Bulkley Watershed. In 2006, Skeena Fisheries Commission was retained by the Pacific Salmon Commission to conduct a Fish Passage and Culvert Inspection (FPCI) on all non-bridged Highway \#16 and CN Rail stream crossings distinguished with fish presence throughout the Bulkley Watershed.},
  langid = {english},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/8SUN8SYA/wilson_rabnett_2007_fish_passage_assessment_of_highway_16_and_cn_rail_in_the_bulkley_watershed.pdf}
}

@misc{wlrs2024BritishColumbia,
  title = {British {{Columbia Approved Water Quality Guidelines}}: {{Aquatic Life}}, {{Wildlife}} \& {{Agriculture}}},
  author = {{WLRS}},
  date = {2024},
  url = {https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/air-land-water/water/waterquality/water-quality-guidelines/approved-wqgs/wqg_summary_aquaticlife_wildlife_agri.pdf},
  urldate = {2024-10-17},
  howpublished = {Ministry of Water, Land and Resource Stewardship},
  annotation = {Water Protection \& Sustainability Branch (WLRS)},
  file = {/Users/airvine/Zotero/storage/IHDYPLKQ/wqg_summary_aquaticlife_wildlife_agri.pdf}
}