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id="post-info"><h1 class="post-title">Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-synchronized关键字(3)</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2022-04-08T16:25:15.000Z" title="发表于 2022-04-09 00:25:15">2022-04-09</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2022-04-09T07:16:20.412Z" title="更新于 2022-04-09 15:16:20">2022-04-09</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/Java%E5%B9%B6%E5%8F%91%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86/">Java并发实现原理</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">字数总计:</span><span class="word-count">1.1k</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>3分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title="Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-synchronized关键字(3)"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></div></div></div><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h2 id="1-锁的对象是什么？"><a href="#1-锁的对象是什么？" class="headerlink" title="1.锁的对象是什么？"></a>1.锁的对象是什么？</h2><p>对于不熟悉多线程原理的人来说，很容易误解synchronized关键字：它通常加在所有的静态成员函数和非静态成员函数之前，表面看好像是“函数之间的互斥”，其实不是。synchronized关键字其实是“给某个对象加了把锁”，这个锁究竟加在了什么对象上面？如下所示，给f1()、f2()加上synchronized关键字。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">A</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token function">fl</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token keyword">synchronized</span> <span class="token function">f2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>等价于如下代码:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-java" data-language="java"><code class="language-java"><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">A</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">f1</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">static</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">f2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">synchronized</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name">A</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token class-name">A</span> a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">A</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
a<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">f1</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
a<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">f2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>对于非静态成员函数，锁其实是加载对象a上面的；<br>对于静态成员函数，锁是加载A.class上面的。 当然，class本身也是对象。</p>
<p>这回答了一个关于synchronized的常见问题:一个静态成员函数和一个非静态成员函数，都加了synchronized关键字，分别被两个线程调用，他们是否互斥？很显然，因为是两把不同的锁，所以不会互斥。</p>
<h2 id="2-锁的本质是什么？"><a href="#2-锁的本质是什么？" class="headerlink" title="2.锁的本质是什么？"></a>2.锁的本质是什么？</h2><p>无论使用什么语言，只要是多线程的，就一定会涉及锁。既然锁如此常见，那么锁的本质是什么呢？</p>
<p>如图所示，多个线程访问同一个资源。线程就是一段运行中的代码；资源访问就是一个变量、一个对象或一个文件等；而锁就是要实现线程对资源的访问控制，保证同一个时间只能有一个线程去访问某一个资源。比如，线程就是一个游客，资源就是一个待参观的房子。这个房子同一时间值允许一个游客进去参观，当一个人出来后下一个人才能进去。而锁，就是这个房子门口的守卫。如果同一个时间允许多个游客参观，锁就会变成信号量，这点后面讨论。</p>
<p><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Nesive/nesive-butterfly-cdn/image/java_concurrency_principle/thread_lock_resource.png" alt="Java并发原理-线程的状态迁移过程"></p>
<p>从程序角度来看，锁就是一个“对象”,这个对象要完成以下几件事情：</p>
<p>1.这个对象内部得由一个标志位（state变量），记录自己有没有被某个线程占用（也就是记录当前有没有游客已经进入了房子）。最简单的情况是这个state有0和1两个取值，0标识没有线程占用，1标识某个线程占用了这个锁。</p>
<p>2.如果这个对象被某个线程占用，它得记录这个线程的thread ID,得知道自己是被那个线程占用了（也就是记录现在是谁在房子里面）。</p>
<p>3.这个对象还得维护一个thread id list，记录其他所有阻塞的、等待拿这个锁的线程（也就是记录所有在外面的等待的游客）。在当前线程释放锁之后（也就是把state从1变为0），从这个thread id list 里面去一个线程唤醒。</p>
<p>既然锁是一个“对象”，要访问的共享资源本身也是一个对象，例如前面的对象a，这两个对象可以合成一个对象。代码就变成synchronized(this){…}，我们要访问的共享资源是对象a,锁也加在a上面的。当然，也可以另外新建一个对象，代码变成synchronized(obj1){…}。这时访问的共享资源对象是a，而锁是加载新建的对象obj1上面的。</p>
<p>资源和锁合二为一，使得在Java里面，synchronized关键字可以加在任何对象的成员变量上。这意味着，这个对象既是共享资源，同时也具备“锁”的功能。下面来看Java是如何做到让任何一个对象都具备“锁”的功能的，这也是synchronized的实现原理。</p>
<h2 id="3-synchronized实现原理"><a href="#3-synchronized实现原理" class="headerlink" title="3.synchronized实现原理"></a>3.synchronized实现原理</h2><p>答案在Java的对象头里。在对象头里，有一个块数据较Mark Word。在64位机器上，<strong>Mark Word</strong>是8个字节（64位）的，这64位中有2个重要字段：锁标志位和占用该锁的thread ID。因为不同版本JVM的实现，对象头的数据结构会有差异，这里不再论述。</p>
<p>此处值说明锁的实现思路，后面将ReentrantLock详细实现时，也基于类似的思路。在这个思路上，synchronized还会有偏向、自旋等优化策略，ReentrantLock同样也会用到这些优化策略。</p>
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We can build each other up.</span> <div style="width:100%;margin-top:10px;text-align:center"> <img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="/img/qrcode_official.png" style="max-width:200px;margin:0 auto" alt="Smiley face"></div></div></div><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-stream"></i><span>目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-%E9%94%81%E7%9A%84%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">1.锁的对象是什么？</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-%E9%94%81%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AC%E8%B4%A8%E6%98%AF%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">2.锁的本质是什么？</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-synchronized%E5%AE%9E%E7%8E%B0%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">3.synchronized实现原理</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item no-cover"><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/b25d002f.html" title="Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-JMM与happen-before(6)">Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-JMM与happen-before(6)</a><time datetime="2022-04-09T09:23:03.000Z" title="发表于 2022-04-09 17:23:03">2022-04-09</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item no-cover"><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/56ec45e8.html" title="Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-volatile关键字(5)">Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-volatile关键字(5)</a><time datetime="2022-04-09T08:43:59.000Z" title="发表于 2022-04-09 16:43:59">2022-04-09</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item no-cover"><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/143e883d.html" title="Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-wait()与notify()(4)">Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-wait()与notify()(4)</a><time datetime="2022-04-09T07:15:48.000Z" title="发表于 2022-04-09 15:15:48">2022-04-09</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item no-cover"><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/cd0cf4b7.html" title="Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-synchronized关键字(3)">Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-synchronized关键字(3)</a><time datetime="2022-04-08T16:25:15.000Z" title="发表于 2022-04-09 00:25:15">2022-04-09</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item no-cover"><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/fafa8499.html" title="Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-InterruptedException函数与interrupt函数(2)">Java并发实现原理-多线程基础-InterruptedException函数与interrupt函数(2)</a><time datetime="2022-04-07T08:26:18.000Z" title="发表于 2022-04-07 16:26:18">2022-04-07</time></div></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer"><div id="footer-wrap"><div class="copyright">©2020 - 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const urlArray = data.body.match(/(https?:\/\/)?([\da-z\.-]+)\.([a-z\.]{2,6})([\/\w \.-]*)*\/?/ig)
if (data.user.login === 'utterances-bot') {
return urlArray.pop()
} else {
return urlArray.shift()
}
})
)).then(res => {
array = array.map((i,index)=> {
return {
...i,
url: res[index]
}
})
saveToLocal.set('github-newest-comments', JSON.stringify(array), 10/(60*24))
generateHtml(array)
});
}
const getComment = () => {
fetch('https://api.github.com/repos/nesive/nesive-butterfly-comment/issues/comments?sort=updated&direction=desc&per_page=6&page=1',{
"headers": {
Accept: 'application/vnd.github.v3.html+json'
}
})
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => {
const githubArray = data.map(item => {
return {
'avatar': item.user.avatar_url,
'content': changeContent(item.body_html),
'nick': item.user.login,
'url': item.issue_url,
'date': item.updated_at,
'githubUrl': item.html_url
}
})
findTrueUrl(githubArray)
}).catch(e => {
const $dom = document.querySelector('#card-newest-comments .aside-list')
$dom.innerHTML= "无法获取评论，请确认相关配置是否正确"
})
}
const generateHtml = array => {
let result = ''
if (array.length) {
for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
result += '<div class=\'aside-list-item\'>'
if (true) {
const name = 'data-lazy-src'
result += `<a href='${array[i].url}' class='thumbnail'><img ${name}='${array[i].avatar}' alt='${array[i].nick}'></a>`
}
result += `<div class='content'>
<a class='comment' href='${array[i].url}' title='${array[i].content}'>${array[i].content}</a>
<div class='name'><span>${array[i].nick} / </span><time datetime="${array[i].date}">${btf.diffDate(array[i].date, true)}</time></div>
</div></div>`
}
} else {
result += '没有评论'
}
let $dom = document.querySelector('#card-newest-comments .aside-list')
$dom.innerHTML= result
window.lazyLoadInstance && window.lazyLoadInstance.update()
window.pjax && window.pjax.refresh($dom)
}
const newestCommentInit = () => {
if (document.querySelector('#card-newest-comments .aside-list')) {
const data = saveToLocal.get('github-newest-comments')
if (data) {
generateHtml(JSON.parse(data))
} else {
getComment()
}
}
}
newestCommentInit()
document.addEventListener('pjax:complete', newestCommentInit)
})</script><script defer="defer" id="fluttering_ribbon" mobile="true" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/butterfly-extsrc@1/dist/canvas-fluttering-ribbon.min.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/butterfly-extsrc@1/dist/activate-power-mode.min.js"></script><script>POWERMODE.colorful = true;
POWERMODE.shake = true;
POWERMODE.mobile = true;
document.body.addEventListener('input', POWERMODE);
</script><script id="click-heart" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/butterfly-extsrc@1/dist/click-heart.min.js" async="async" mobile="true"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/aplayer/dist/APlayer.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/aplayer/dist/APlayer.min.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/metowolf/[email protected]/dist/Meting.min.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/pjax/pjax.min.js"></script><script>let pjaxSelectors = ["title","#config-diff","#body-wrap","#rightside-config-hide","#rightside-config-show",".js-pjax"]
var pjax = new Pjax({
elements: 'a:not([target="_blank"])',
selectors: pjaxSelectors,
cacheBust: false,
analytics: true,
scrollRestoration: false
})
document.addEventListener('pjax:send', function () {
// removeEventListener scroll
window.tocScrollFn && window.removeEventListener('scroll', window.tocScrollFn)
window.scrollCollect && window.removeEventListener('scroll', scrollCollect)
typeof preloader === 'object' && preloader.initLoading()
document.getElementById('rightside').style.cssText = "opacity: ''; transform: ''"
if (window.aplayers) {
for (let i = 0; i < window.aplayers.length; i++) {
if (!window.aplayers[i].options.fixed) {
window.aplayers[i].destroy()
}
}
}
typeof typed === 'object' && typed.destroy()
//reset readmode
const $bodyClassList = document.body.classList
$bodyClassList.contains('read-mode') && $bodyClassList.remove('read-mode')
})
document.addEventListener('pjax:complete', function () {
window.refreshFn()
document.querySelectorAll('script[data-pjax]').forEach(item => {
const newScript = document.createElement('script')
const content = item.text || item.textContent || item.innerHTML || ""
Array.from(item.attributes).forEach(attr => newScript.setAttribute(attr.name, attr.value))
newScript.appendChild(document.createTextNode(content))
item.parentNode.replaceChild(newScript, item)
})
GLOBAL_CONFIG.islazyload && window.lazyLoadInstance.update()
typeof chatBtnFn === 'function' && chatBtnFn()
typeof panguInit === 'function' && panguInit()
// google analytics
typeof gtag === 'function' && gtag('config', 'G-6G2H6GKL8M', {'page_path': window.location.pathname});
// baidu analytics
typeof _hmt === 'object' && _hmt.push(['_trackPageview',window.location.pathname]);
typeof loadMeting === 'function' && document.getElementsByClassName('aplayer').length && loadMeting()
// prismjs
typeof Prism === 'object' && Prism.highlightAll()
typeof preloader === 'object' && preloader.endLoading()
})
document.addEventListener('pjax:error', (e) => {
if (e.request.status === 404) {
pjax.loadUrl('/404.html')
}
})</script><script async data-pjax src="//busuanzi.ibruce.info/busuanzi/2.3/busuanzi.pure.mini.js"></script></div><!-- hexo injector body_end start --><script data-pjax>
function butterfly_footer_beautify_injector_config(){
var parent_div_git = document.getElementById('footer-wrap');
var item_html = '<p id="ghbdages"><a class="github-badge" target="_blank" href="https://hexo.io/" rel="external nofollow noreferrer" style="margin-inline:5px" data-title="博客框架为Hexo_v5.4.0" title=""><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Frame-Hexo-blue?style=flat&logo=hexo" alt=""/></a><a class="github-badge" target="_blank" href="https://butterfly.js.org/" rel="external nofollow noreferrer" style="margin-inline:5px" data-title="主题版本Butterfly_v3.8.2" title=""><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Theme-Butterfly-6513df?style=flat&logo=bitdefender" alt=""/></a><a class="github-badge" target="_blank" href="https://www.jsdelivr.com/" rel="external nofollow noreferrer" style="margin-inline:5px" data-title="本站使用JsDelivr为静态资源提供CDN加速" title=""><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/CDN-jsDelivr-orange?style=flat&logo=jsDelivr" alt=""/></a><a class="github-badge" target="_blank" href="https://vercel.com/" rel="external nofollow noreferrer" style="margin-inline:5px" data-title="本站采用双线部署，默认线路托管于Vercel" title=""><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Hosted-Vercel-brightgreen?style=flat&logo=Vercel" alt=""/></a><a class="github-badge" target="_blank" href="https://vercel.com/" rel="external nofollow noreferrer" style="margin-inline:5px" data-title="本站采用双线部署，联通线路托管于Coding" title=""><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Hosted-Coding-0cedbe?style=flat&logo=Codio" alt=""/></a><a class="github-badge" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/" rel="external nofollow noreferrer" style="margin-inline:5px" data-title="本站项目由Github托管" title=""><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Source-Github-d021d6?style=flat&logo=GitHub" alt=""/></a><a class="github-badge" target="_blank" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" rel="external nofollow noreferrer" style="margin-inline:5px" data-title="本站采用知识共享署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享4.0国际许可协议进行许可" title=""><img src= "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" data-lazy-src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Copyright-BY--NC--SA%204.0-d42328?style=flat&logo=Claris" alt=""/></a></p>';
console.log('已挂载butterfly_footer_beautify')
parent_div_git.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend",item_html)
}
var elist = 'null'.split(',');
var cpage = location.pathname;
var epage = 'all';
var flag = 0;
for (var i=0;i<elist.length;i++){
if (cpage.includes(elist[i])){
flag++;
}
}
if ((epage ==='all')&&(flag == 0)){
butterfly_footer_beautify_injector_config();
}
else if (epage === cpage){
butterfly_footer_beautify_injector_config();
}
</script><!-- hexo injector body_end end --></body></html>