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0091-decode-ways.cpp
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// DP with memo
class Solution {
public:
int numDecodings(string s) {
int len = s.size();
auto ok = [](auto x) { return 1 <= x && x <= 26; };
unordered_map<int, int> bag;
function<int(int)> go = [&](int index) {
if (bag.count(index)) return bag[index];
if (index == len) return 1;
auto one = s[index] - '0';
auto two = (one && (index + 1) < len) ? stoi(s.substr(index, 2)) : 0;
return bag[index] = (ok(one) ? go(index+1): 0) + (ok(two) ? go(index+2): 0);
};
return go(0);
}
};
// Iterative DP
// class Solution {
// public:
// int numDecodings(string s) {
// int len = s.size();
// auto ok = [](auto x) { return 1 <= x && x <= 26; };
// vector<int> dp(len + 1); dp[len] = 1;
// for (int i {len - 1}; i >= 0; i--) {
// auto one = s[i] - '0';
// auto two = one && i + 1 < len ? stoi(s.substr(i, 2)): 0;
// if (ok(one)) dp[i] += dp[i+1];
// if (ok(two)) dp[i] += dp[i+2];
// }
// return dp[0];
// }
// };
// Constant space
// Iterative DP
// class Solution {
// public:
// int numDecodings(string s) {
// int len = s.size();
// auto ok = [](auto x) { return 1 <= x && x <= 26; };
// int first = 1, second = 0;
// for (int i {len - 1}; i >= 0; i--) {
// auto one = s[i] - '0';
// auto two = one && i + 1 < len ? stoi(s.substr(i, 2)): 0;
// int sum = 0;
// if (ok(one)) sum = first;
// if (ok(two)) sum += second;
// second = first;
// first = sum;
// }
// return first;
// }
// };