SPIRVRegularizeLLVM.cpp

//===- SPIRVRegularizeLLVM.cpp - Regularize LLVM for SPIR-V ------- C++ -*-===//
//
//                     The LLVM/SPIRV Translator
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
// Copyright (c) 2014 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
// copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
// to deal with the Software without restriction, including without limitation
// the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
// and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimers.
// Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
// this list of conditions and the following disclaimers in the documentation
// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
// Neither the names of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., nor the names of its
// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
// Software without specific prior written permission.
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// CONTRIBUTORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS WITH
// THE SOFTWARE.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements regularization of LLVM module for SPIR-V.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "SPIRVRegularizeLLVM.h"
#include "OCLUtil.h"
#include "SPIRVInternal.h"
#include "SPIRVMDWalker.h"
#include "libSPIRV/SPIRVDebug.h"

#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h" // llvm::isDigit
#include "llvm/CodeGen/IntrinsicLowering.h"
#include "llvm/Demangle/Demangle.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicInst.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
#include "llvm/IR/Operator.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/LowerMemIntrinsics.h" // expandMemSetAsLoop()

#include <set>
#include <vector>

#define DEBUG_TYPE "spvregular"

using namespace llvm;
using namespace SPIRV;
using namespace OCLUtil;

namespace SPIRV {

static bool SPIRVDbgSaveRegularizedModule = false;
static std::string RegularizedModuleTmpFile = "regularized.bc";

char SPIRVRegularizeLLVMLegacy::ID = 0;

bool SPIRVRegularizeLLVMLegacy::runOnModule(Module &Module) {
  return runRegularizeLLVM(Module);
}

std::string SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::lowerLLVMIntrinsicName(IntrinsicInst *II) {
  Function *IntrinsicFunc = II->getCalledFunction();
  assert(IntrinsicFunc && "Missing function");
  std::string FuncName = IntrinsicFunc->getName().str();
  std::replace(FuncName.begin(), FuncName.end(), '.', '_');
  FuncName = "spirv." + FuncName;
  return FuncName;
}

void SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::lowerIntrinsicToFunction(
    IntrinsicInst *Intrinsic) {
  // For @llvm.memset.* intrinsic cases with constant value and length arguments
  // are emulated via "storing" a constant array to the destination. For other
  // cases we wrap the intrinsic in @spirv.llvm_memset_* function and expand the
  // intrinsic to a loop via expandMemSetAsLoop() from
  // llvm/Transforms/Utils/LowerMemIntrinsics.h
  if (auto *MSI = dyn_cast<MemSetInst>(Intrinsic))
    if (isa<Constant>(MSI->getValue()) && isa<ConstantInt>(MSI->getLength()))
      return; // To be handled in LLVMToSPIRV::transIntrinsicInst

  std::string FuncName = lowerLLVMIntrinsicName(Intrinsic);
  if (Intrinsic->isVolatile())
    FuncName += ".volatile";
  // Redirect @llvm.intrinsic.* call to @spirv.llvm_intrinsic_*
  Function *F = M->getFunction(FuncName);
  if (F) {
    // This function is already linked in.
    Intrinsic->setCalledFunction(F);
    return;
  }
  // TODO copy arguments attributes: nocapture writeonly.
  FunctionCallee FC =
      M->getOrInsertFunction(FuncName, Intrinsic->getFunctionType());
  auto IntrinsicID = Intrinsic->getIntrinsicID();
  Intrinsic->setCalledFunction(FC);

  F = dyn_cast<Function>(FC.getCallee());
  assert(F && "must be a function!");

  switch (IntrinsicID) {
  case Intrinsic::memset: {
    auto *MSI = static_cast<MemSetInst *>(Intrinsic);
    Argument *Dest = F->getArg(0);
    Argument *Val = F->getArg(1);
    Argument *Len = F->getArg(2);
    Argument *IsVolatile = F->getArg(3);
    Dest->setName("dest");
    Val->setName("val");
    Len->setName("len");
    IsVolatile->setName("isvolatile");
    IsVolatile->addAttr(Attribute::ImmArg);
    BasicBlock *EntryBB = BasicBlock::Create(M->getContext(), "entry", F);
    IRBuilder<> IRB(EntryBB);
    auto *MemSet = IRB.CreateMemSet(Dest, Val, Len, MSI->getDestAlign(),
                                    MSI->isVolatile());
    IRB.CreateRetVoid();
    expandMemSetAsLoop(cast<MemSetInst>(MemSet));
    MemSet->eraseFromParent();
    break;
  }
  case Intrinsic::bswap: {
    BasicBlock *EntryBB = BasicBlock::Create(M->getContext(), "entry", F);
    IRBuilder<> IRB(EntryBB);
    auto *BSwap = IRB.CreateIntrinsic(Intrinsic::bswap, Intrinsic->getType(),
                                      F->getArg(0));
    IRB.CreateRet(BSwap);
    IntrinsicLowering IL(M->getDataLayout());
    IL.LowerIntrinsicCall(BSwap);
    break;
  }
  default:
    break; // do nothing
  }

  return;
}

void SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::lowerFunnelShift(IntrinsicInst *FSHIntrinsic) {
  // Get a separate function - otherwise, we'd have to rework the CFG of the
  // current one. Then simply replace the intrinsic uses with a call to the new
  // function.
  // Expected LLVM IR for the function: i* @spirv.llvm_fsh?_i* (i* %a, i* %b, i*
  // %c)
  FunctionType *FSHFuncTy = FSHIntrinsic->getFunctionType();
  Type *FSHRetTy = FSHFuncTy->getReturnType();
  const std::string FuncName = lowerLLVMIntrinsicName(FSHIntrinsic);
  Function *FSHFunc =
      getOrCreateFunction(M, FSHRetTy, FSHFuncTy->params(), FuncName);

  if (!FSHFunc->empty()) {
    FSHIntrinsic->setCalledFunction(FSHFunc);
    return;
  }
  auto *RotateBB = BasicBlock::Create(M->getContext(), "rotate", FSHFunc);
  IRBuilder<> Builder(RotateBB);
  Type *Ty = FSHFunc->getReturnType();
  // Build the actual funnel shift rotate logic.
  // In the comments, "int" is used interchangeably with "vector of int
  // elements".
  FixedVectorType *VectorTy = dyn_cast<FixedVectorType>(Ty);
  Type *IntTy = VectorTy ? VectorTy->getElementType() : Ty;
  unsigned BitWidth = IntTy->getIntegerBitWidth();
  ConstantInt *BitWidthConstant = Builder.getInt({BitWidth, BitWidth});
  Value *BitWidthForInsts =
      VectorTy ? Builder.CreateVectorSplat(VectorTy->getNumElements(),
                                           BitWidthConstant)
               : BitWidthConstant;
  auto *RotateModVal =
      Builder.CreateURem(/*Rotate*/ FSHFunc->getArg(2), BitWidthForInsts);
  Value *FirstShift = nullptr, *SecShift = nullptr;
  if (FSHIntrinsic->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::fshr)
    // Shift the less significant number right, the "rotate" number of bits
    // will be 0-filled on the left as a result of this regular shift.
    FirstShift = Builder.CreateLShr(FSHFunc->getArg(1), RotateModVal);
  else
    // Shift the more significant number left, the "rotate" number of bits
    // will be 0-filled on the right as a result of this regular shift.
    FirstShift = Builder.CreateShl(FSHFunc->getArg(0), RotateModVal);

  // We want the "rotate" number of the more significant int's LSBs (MSBs) to
  // occupy the leftmost (rightmost) "0 space" left by the previous operation.
  // Therefore, subtract the "rotate" number from the integer bitsize...
  auto *SubRotateVal = Builder.CreateSub(BitWidthForInsts, RotateModVal);
  if (FSHIntrinsic->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::fshr)
    // ...and left-shift the more significant int by this number, zero-filling
    // the LSBs.
    SecShift = Builder.CreateShl(FSHFunc->getArg(0), SubRotateVal);
  else
    // ...and right-shift the less significant int by this number, zero-filling
    // the MSBs.
    SecShift = Builder.CreateLShr(FSHFunc->getArg(1), SubRotateVal);

  // A simple binary addition of the shifted ints yields the final result.
  auto *FunnelShiftRes = Builder.CreateOr(FirstShift, SecShift);
  Builder.CreateRet(FunnelShiftRes);

  FSHIntrinsic->setCalledFunction(FSHFunc);
}

void SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::buildUMulWithOverflowFunc(Function *UMulFunc) {
  if (!UMulFunc->empty())
    return;

  BasicBlock *EntryBB = BasicBlock::Create(M->getContext(), "entry", UMulFunc);
  IRBuilder<> Builder(EntryBB);
  // Build the actual unsigned multiplication logic with the overflow
  // indication.
  auto *FirstArg = UMulFunc->getArg(0);
  auto *SecondArg = UMulFunc->getArg(1);

  // Do unsigned multiplication Mul = A * B.
  // Then check if unsigned division Div = Mul / A is not equal to B.
  // If so, then overflow has happened.
  auto *Mul = Builder.CreateNUWMul(FirstArg, SecondArg);
  auto *Div = Builder.CreateUDiv(Mul, FirstArg);
  auto *Overflow = Builder.CreateICmpNE(FirstArg, Div);

  // umul.with.overflow intrinsic return a structure, where the first element
  // is the multiplication result, and the second is an overflow bit.
  auto *StructTy = UMulFunc->getReturnType();
  auto *Agg = Builder.CreateInsertValue(UndefValue::get(StructTy), Mul, {0});
  auto *Res = Builder.CreateInsertValue(Agg, Overflow, {1});
  Builder.CreateRet(Res);
}

void SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::lowerUMulWithOverflow(
    IntrinsicInst *UMulIntrinsic) {
  // Get a separate function - otherwise, we'd have to rework the CFG of the
  // current one. Then simply replace the intrinsic uses with a call to the new
  // function.
  FunctionType *UMulFuncTy = UMulIntrinsic->getFunctionType();
  Type *FSHLRetTy = UMulFuncTy->getReturnType();
  const std::string FuncName = lowerLLVMIntrinsicName(UMulIntrinsic);
  Function *UMulFunc =
      getOrCreateFunction(M, FSHLRetTy, UMulFuncTy->params(), FuncName);
  buildUMulWithOverflowFunc(UMulFunc);
  UMulIntrinsic->setCalledFunction(UMulFunc);
}

void SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::expandVEDWithSYCLTypeSRetArg(Function *F) {
  auto Attrs = F->getAttributes();
  StructType *SRetTy = cast<StructType>(Attrs.getParamStructRetType(0));
  Attrs = Attrs.removeParamAttribute(F->getContext(), 0, Attribute::StructRet);
  std::string Name = F->getName().str();
  CallInst *OldCall = nullptr;
  mutateFunction(
      F,
      [=, &OldCall](CallInst *CI, std::vector<Value *> &Args, Type *&RetTy) {
        Args.erase(Args.begin());
        RetTy = SRetTy->getElementType(0);
        OldCall = CI;
        return Name;
      },
      [=, &OldCall](CallInst *NewCI) {
        IRBuilder<> Builder(OldCall);
        Value *Target =
            Builder.CreateStructGEP(SRetTy, OldCall->getOperand(0), 0);
        return Builder.CreateStore(NewCI, Target);
      },
      nullptr, &Attrs, true);
}

void SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::expandVIDWithSYCLTypeByValComp(Function *F) {
  auto Attrs = F->getAttributes();
  auto *CompPtrTy = cast<StructType>(Attrs.getParamByValType(1));
  Attrs = Attrs.removeParamAttribute(F->getContext(), 1, Attribute::ByVal);
  std::string Name = F->getName().str();
  mutateFunction(
      F,
      [=](CallInst *CI, std::vector<Value *> &Args) {
        Type *HalfTy = CompPtrTy->getElementType(0);
        IRBuilder<> Builder(CI);
        auto *Target = Builder.CreateStructGEP(CompPtrTy, CI->getOperand(1), 0);
        Args[1] = Builder.CreateLoad(HalfTy, Target);
        return Name;
      },
      nullptr, &Attrs, true);
}

void SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::expandSYCLTypeUsing(Module *M) {
  std::vector<Function *> ToExpandVEDWithSYCLTypeSRetArg;
  std::vector<Function *> ToExpandVIDWithSYCLTypeByValComp;

  for (auto &F : *M) {
    if (F.getName().starts_with("_Z28__spirv_VectorExtractDynamic") &&
        F.hasStructRetAttr()) {
      auto *SRetTy = F.getParamStructRetType(0);
      if (isSYCLHalfType(SRetTy) || isSYCLBfloat16Type(SRetTy))
        ToExpandVEDWithSYCLTypeSRetArg.push_back(&F);
      else
        llvm_unreachable("The return type of the VectorExtractDynamic "
                         "instruction cannot be a structure other than SYCL "
                         "half.");
    }
    if (F.getName().starts_with("_Z27__spirv_VectorInsertDynamic") &&
        F.getArg(1)->getType()->isPointerTy()) {
      auto *ET = F.getParamByValType(1);
      if (isSYCLHalfType(ET) || isSYCLBfloat16Type(ET))
        ToExpandVIDWithSYCLTypeByValComp.push_back(&F);
      else
        llvm_unreachable("The component argument type of an "
                         "VectorInsertDynamic instruction can't be a "
                         "structure other than SYCL half.");
    }
  }

  for (auto *F : ToExpandVEDWithSYCLTypeSRetArg)
    expandVEDWithSYCLTypeSRetArg(F);
  for (auto *F : ToExpandVIDWithSYCLTypeByValComp)
    expandVIDWithSYCLTypeByValComp(F);
}

// In this function, we handle two conversion operations
// 1. fptoui.sat.iX.fY (X is not 8,16,32,64; Y is 32 or 64)
// 2. fptosi.sat.iX.fY (X is not 8,16,32,64; Y is 32 or 64)
// Such non-standard integer types cannot be handled in SPIR-V. Hence, they
// will be promoted to
// 1. fptoui.sat.i64.fY (Y is 32 or 64)
// 2. fptosi.sat.i64.fY (Y is 32 or 64)
// However, LLVM documentation requires the following rules to be obeyed.
// Rule 1: If the argument is any NaN, zero is returned.
// Rule 2: If the argument is smaller than the smallest representable
// (un)signed integer of the result type, the smallest representable
// (un)signed integer is returned.
// Rule 3: If the argument is larger than the largest representable (un)signed
// integer of the result type, the largest representable (un)signed integer is
// returned.
// Rule 4: Otherwise, the result of rounding the argument towards zero is
// returned.
// Rules 1 & 4 are preserved when promoting iX to i64. For preserving Rule 2
// and Rule 3, we saturate the result of the promoted instruction based on
// original integer type (iX)
// Example:
// Input:
// %0 = call i2 @llvm.fptosi.sat.i2.f32(float %input)
// %1 = sext i32 %0
// Output:
// %0 = call i32 @_Z17convert_long_satf(float %input)
// %1 = icmp sge i32 %0, 1 <Largest 2-bit signed integer>
// %2 = icmp sle i32 %0, -2 <Smallest 2-bit signed integer>
// %3 = select i1 %1, i32 1, i32 %0
// %4 = select i1 %2, i32 -2, i32 %3
// Replace uses of %1 in Input with %4 in Output
void SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::cleanupConversionToNonStdIntegers(Module *M) {
  for (auto FI = M->begin(), FE = M->end(); FI != FE;) {
    Function *F = &(*FI++);
    std::vector<Instruction *> ToErase;
    auto IID = F->getIntrinsicID();
    if (IID != Intrinsic::fptosi_sat && IID != Intrinsic::fptoui_sat)
      continue;
    for (auto *I : F->users()) {
      if (IntrinsicInst *II = dyn_cast<IntrinsicInst>(I)) {
        // TODO: Vector type not supported yet.
        if (isa<VectorType>(II->getType()))
          continue;
        auto IID = II->getIntrinsicID();
        auto IntBitWidth = II->getType()->getScalarSizeInBits();
        if (IntBitWidth == 8 || IntBitWidth == 16 || IntBitWidth == 32 ||
            IntBitWidth == 64)
          continue;
        if (IID == Intrinsic::fptosi_sat) {
          // Identify sext (user of II). Make sure that's the only use of II.
          auto *User = II->getUniqueUndroppableUser();
          if (!User || !isa<SExtInst>(User))
            continue;
          auto *SExtI = dyn_cast<SExtInst>(User);
          auto *NewIType = SExtI->getType();
          IRBuilder<> IRB(II);
          auto *NewII = IRB.CreateIntrinsic(
              IID, {NewIType, II->getOperand(0)->getType()}, II->getOperand(0));
          Constant *MaxVal = ConstantInt::get(
              NewIType, APInt::getSignedMaxValue(IntBitWidth).getSExtValue());
          Constant *MinVal = ConstantInt::get(
              NewIType, APInt::getSignedMinValue(IntBitWidth).getSExtValue());
          auto *GTMax = IRB.CreateICmp(CmpInst::ICMP_SGE, NewII, MaxVal);
          auto *LTMin = IRB.CreateICmp(CmpInst::ICMP_SLE, NewII, MinVal);
          auto *SatMax = IRB.CreateSelect(GTMax, MaxVal, NewII);
          auto *SatMin = IRB.CreateSelect(LTMin, MinVal, SatMax);
          SExtI->replaceAllUsesWith(SatMin);
          ToErase.push_back(SExtI);
          ToErase.push_back(II);
        }
        if (IID == Intrinsic::fptoui_sat) {
          // Identify zext (user of II). Make sure that's the only use of II.
          auto *User = II->getUniqueUndroppableUser();
          if (!User || !isa<ZExtInst>(User))
            continue;
          auto *ZExtI = dyn_cast<ZExtInst>(User);
          auto *NewIType = ZExtI->getType();
          IRBuilder<> IRB(II);
          auto *NewII = IRB.CreateIntrinsic(
              IID, {NewIType, II->getOperand(0)->getType()}, II->getOperand(0));
          Constant *MaxVal = ConstantInt::get(
              NewIType, APInt::getMaxValue(IntBitWidth).getZExtValue());
          auto *GTMax = IRB.CreateICmp(CmpInst::ICMP_UGE, NewII, MaxVal);
          auto *SatMax = IRB.CreateSelect(GTMax, MaxVal, NewII);
          ZExtI->replaceAllUsesWith(SatMax);
          ToErase.push_back(ZExtI);
          ToErase.push_back(II);
        }
      }
    }
    for (Instruction *V : ToErase) {
      assert(V->user_empty());
      V->dropAllReferences();
      V->eraseFromParent();
    }
  }
}

bool SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::runRegularizeLLVM(Module &Module) {
  M = &Module;
  Ctx = &M->getContext();

  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Enter SPIRVRegularizeLLVM:\n");
  regularize();
  LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "After SPIRVRegularizeLLVM:\n" << *M);

  verifyRegularizationPass(*M, "SPIRVRegularizeLLVM");

  return true;
}

namespace {
void regularizeWithOverflowInstrinsics(StringRef MangledName, CallInst *Call,
                                       Module *M,
                                       std::vector<Instruction *> &ToErase) {
  IRBuilder Builder(Call);
  Function *Builtin = Call->getModule()->getFunction(MangledName);
  AllocaInst *A;
  StructType *StructBuiltinTy;
  if (Builtin) {
    StructBuiltinTy = cast<StructType>(Builtin->getParamStructRetType(0));
    {
      IRBuilderBase::InsertPointGuard Guard(Builder);
      Builder.SetInsertPointPastAllocas(Call->getParent()->getParent());
      A = Builder.CreateAlloca(StructBuiltinTy);
    }
    CallInst *C = Builder.CreateCall(
        Builtin, {A, Call->getArgOperand(0), Call->getArgOperand(1)});
    auto SretAttr = Attribute::get(
        Builder.getContext(), Attribute::AttrKind::StructRet, StructBuiltinTy);
    C->addParamAttr(0, SretAttr);
  } else {
    StructBuiltinTy = StructType::create(
        Call->getContext(),
        {Call->getArgOperand(0)->getType(), Call->getArgOperand(1)->getType()});
    {
      IRBuilderBase::InsertPointGuard Guard(Builder);
      Builder.SetInsertPointPastAllocas(Call->getParent()->getParent());
      A = Builder.CreateAlloca(StructBuiltinTy);
    }
    FunctionType *FT =
        FunctionType::get(Builder.getVoidTy(),
                          {A->getType(), Call->getArgOperand(0)->getType(),
                           Call->getArgOperand(1)->getType()},
                          false);
    Builtin =
        Function::Create(FT, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, MangledName, M);
    Builtin->setCallingConv(CallingConv::SPIR_FUNC);
    Builtin->addFnAttr(Attribute::NoUnwind);
    auto SretAttr = Attribute::get(
        Builder.getContext(), Attribute::AttrKind::StructRet, StructBuiltinTy);
    Builtin->addParamAttr(0, SretAttr);
    CallInst *C = Builder.CreateCall(
        Builtin, {A, Call->getArgOperand(0), Call->getArgOperand(1)});
    C->addParamAttr(0, SretAttr);
  }
  Type *RetTy = Call->getArgOperand(0)->getType();
  Constant *ConstZero = ConstantInt::get(RetTy, 0);
  Value *L = Builder.CreateLoad(StructBuiltinTy, A);
  Value *V0 = Builder.CreateExtractValue(L, {0});
  Value *V1 = Builder.CreateExtractValue(L, {1});
  Value *V2 = Builder.CreateICmpNE(V1, ConstZero);
  Type *StructI32I1Ty =
      StructType::create(Call->getContext(), {RetTy, V2->getType()});
  Value *Undef = UndefValue::get(StructI32I1Ty);
  Value *V3 = Builder.CreateInsertValue(Undef, V0, {0});
  Value *V4 = Builder.CreateInsertValue(V3, V2, {1});
  SmallVector<User *> Users(Call->users());
  for (User *U : Users) {
    U->replaceUsesOfWith(Call, V4);
  }
  ToErase.push_back(Call);
}

// CacheControls(Load/Store)INTEL decorations can be represented as metadata
// placed on memory accessing instruction with the following form:
// !spirv.DecorationCacheControlINTEL !X
// !X = !{i32 %decoration_kind%, i32 %level%, i32 %control%,
//        i32 %operand of the instruction to decorate%}
// This function creates a dummy GEP accessing pointer operand of the
// instruction and creates !spirv.Decorations metadata attached to it.
void prepareCacheControlsTranslation(Metadata *MD, Instruction *Inst) {
  if (!Inst->mayReadOrWriteMemory())
    return;
  auto *ArgDecoMD = dyn_cast<MDNode>(MD);
  assert(ArgDecoMD && "Decoration list must be a metadata node");
  std::vector<Instruction *> CreatedGeps;
  for (unsigned I = 0, E = ArgDecoMD->getNumOperands(); I != E; ++I) {
    auto *DecoMD = dyn_cast<MDNode>(ArgDecoMD->getOperand(I));
    if (!DecoMD) {
      assert(false && "Decoration does not name metadata");
      return;
    }

    constexpr size_t CacheControlsNumOps = 4;
    if (DecoMD->getNumOperands() != CacheControlsNumOps) {
      assert(false &&
             "Cache controls metadata on instruction must have 4 operands");
      return;
    }

    auto *const KindMD = cast<ConstantAsMetadata>(DecoMD->getOperand(0));
    auto *const LevelMD = cast<ConstantAsMetadata>(DecoMD->getOperand(1));
    auto *const ControlMD = cast<ConstantAsMetadata>(DecoMD->getOperand(2));

    const size_t TargetArgNo =
        mdconst::dyn_extract<ConstantInt>(DecoMD->getOperand(3))
            ->getZExtValue();
    Value *PtrInstOp = Inst->getOperand(TargetArgNo);
    if (!PtrInstOp->getType()->isPointerTy()) {
      assert(false && "Cache controls must decorate a pointer");
      return;
    }

    // Create dummy GEP for SSA copy of the pointer operand. Lets do our best
    // to guess pointee type here, but if we won't - just pointer is also fine,
    // if necessary TypeScavenger will adjust types and create bitcasts. If
    // memory instruction operand is already created zero GEP - create nothing
    // and use the old GEP.
    SmallVector<Metadata *, 4> MDs;
    std::vector<Metadata *> OPs = {KindMD, LevelMD, ControlMD};
    if (auto *const GEP = dyn_cast<GetElementPtrInst>(PtrInstOp)) {
      if (GEP->hasAllZeroIndices() &&
          (std::find(CreatedGeps.begin(), CreatedGeps.end(), GEP) !=
           std::end(CreatedGeps))) {
        MDs.push_back(MDNode::get(Inst->getContext(), OPs));
        // If the existing GEP has SPIRV_MD_DECORATIONS metadata - copy it
        if (auto *OldMD = GEP->getMetadata(SPIRV_MD_DECORATIONS))
          for (unsigned I = 0, E = OldMD->getNumOperands(); I != E; ++I)
            if (auto *DecoMD = dyn_cast<MDNode>(OldMD->getOperand(I)))
              MDs.push_back(DecoMD);
        MDNode *MDList = MDNode::get(Inst->getContext(), MDs);
        GEP->setMetadata(SPIRV_MD_DECORATIONS, MDList);
        return;
      }
    }
    IRBuilder Builder(Inst);
    Type *GEPTy = Builder.getInt8Ty();
    if (auto *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(Inst))
      GEPTy = LI->getType();
    else if (auto *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(Inst))
      GEPTy = SI->getValueOperand()->getType();
    auto *GEP =
        cast<Instruction>(Builder.CreateConstGEP1_32(GEPTy, PtrInstOp, 0));
    CreatedGeps.push_back(GEP);
    Inst->setOperand(TargetArgNo, GEP);
    MDs.push_back(MDNode::get(Inst->getContext(), OPs));
    MDNode *MDList = MDNode::get(Inst->getContext(), MDs);
    GEP->setMetadata(SPIRV_MD_DECORATIONS, MDList);
  }
}
} // namespace

/// Remove entities not representable by SPIR-V
bool SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::regularize() {
  eraseUselessFunctions(M);
  addKernelEntryPoint(M);
  expandSYCLTypeUsing(M);
  cleanupConversionToNonStdIntegers(M);

  for (auto I = M->begin(), E = M->end(); I != E;) {
    Function *F = &(*I++);
    if (F->isDeclaration() && F->use_empty()) {
      F->eraseFromParent();
      continue;
    }

    // TODO: query intrinsic calls from their declarations
    std::vector<Instruction *> ToErase;
    for (BasicBlock &BB : *F) {
      for (Instruction &II : BB) {
        if (auto *MD = II.getMetadata(SPIRV_MD_INTEL_CACHE_DECORATIONS))
          prepareCacheControlsTranslation(MD, &II);
        if (auto *Call = dyn_cast<CallInst>(&II)) {
          Call->setTailCall(false);
          Function *CF = Call->getCalledFunction();
          if (CF && CF->isIntrinsic()) {
            removeFnAttr(Call, Attribute::NoUnwind);
            auto *II = cast<IntrinsicInst>(Call);
            if (II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::memset ||
                II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::bswap)
              lowerIntrinsicToFunction(II);
            else if (II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::fshl ||
                     II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::fshr)
              lowerFunnelShift(II);
            else if (II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::umul_with_overflow)
              lowerUMulWithOverflow(II);
            else if (II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::uadd_with_overflow) {
              BuiltinFuncMangleInfo Info;
              std::string MangledName =
                  mangleBuiltin("__spirv_IAddCarry",
                                {Call->getArgOperand(0)->getType(),
                                 Call->getArgOperand(1)->getType()},
                                &Info);
              regularizeWithOverflowInstrinsics(MangledName, Call, M, ToErase);
            } else if (II->getIntrinsicID() == Intrinsic::usub_with_overflow) {
              BuiltinFuncMangleInfo Info;
              std::string MangledName =
                  mangleBuiltin("__spirv_ISubBorrow",
                                {Call->getArgOperand(0)->getType(),
                                 Call->getArgOperand(1)->getType()},
                                &Info);
              regularizeWithOverflowInstrinsics(MangledName, Call, M, ToErase);
            }
          }
        }

        if (II.isLogicalShift()) {
          // Translator treats i1 as boolean, but bit instructions take
          // a scalar/vector integers, so we have to extend such arguments.
          // shl i1 %a %b and lshr i1 %a %b are now converted on:
          // %0 = select i1 %a, i32 1, i32 0
          // %1 = select i1 %b, i32 1, i32 0
          // %2 = lshr i32 %0, %1
          // if any other instruction other than zext was dependant:
          // %3 = icmp ne i32 %2, 0
          // which converts it back to i1 and replace original result with %3
          // to dependant instructions.
          if (II.getOperand(0)->getType()->isIntOrIntVectorTy(1)) {
            IRBuilder<> Builder(&II);
            Value *CmpNEInst = nullptr;
            Constant *ConstZero = ConstantInt::get(Builder.getInt32Ty(), 0);
            Constant *ConstOne = ConstantInt::get(Builder.getInt32Ty(), 1);
            if (auto *VecTy =
                    dyn_cast<FixedVectorType>(II.getOperand(0)->getType())) {
              const unsigned NumElements = VecTy->getNumElements();
              ConstZero = ConstantVector::getSplat(
                  ElementCount::getFixed(NumElements), ConstZero);
              ConstOne = ConstantVector::getSplat(
                  ElementCount::getFixed(NumElements), ConstOne);
            }
            Value *ExtendedBase =
                Builder.CreateSelect(II.getOperand(0), ConstOne, ConstZero);
            Value *ExtendedShift =
                Builder.CreateSelect(II.getOperand(1), ConstOne, ConstZero);
            Value *ExtendedShiftedVal =
                Builder.CreateLShr(ExtendedBase, ExtendedShift);
            SmallVector<User *, 8> Users(II.users());
            for (User *U : Users) {
              if (auto *UI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(U)) {
                if (UI->getOpcode() == Instruction::ZExt) {
                  UI->dropAllReferences();
                  UI->replaceAllUsesWith(ExtendedShiftedVal);
                  ToErase.push_back(UI);
                  continue;
                }
              }
              if (!CmpNEInst) {
                CmpNEInst = Builder.CreateICmpNE(ExtendedShiftedVal, ConstZero);
              }
              U->replaceUsesOfWith(&II, CmpNEInst);
            }
            ToErase.push_back(&II);
          }
        }

        // Remove optimization info not supported by SPIRV
        if (auto *BO = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(&II)) {
          if (isa<PossiblyExactOperator>(BO) && BO->isExact())
            BO->setIsExact(false);
        }

        // FIXME: This is not valid handling for freeze instruction
        if (auto *FI = dyn_cast<FreezeInst>(&II)) {
          auto *V = FI->getOperand(0);
          if (isa<UndefValue>(V))
            V = Constant::getNullValue(V->getType());
          FI->replaceAllUsesWith(V);
          FI->dropAllReferences();
          ToErase.push_back(FI);
        }

        // Remove metadata not supported by SPIRV
        static const char *MDs[] = {
            "tbaa",
            "range",
        };
        for (auto &MDName : MDs) {
          if (II.getMetadata(MDName)) {
            II.setMetadata(MDName, nullptr);
          }
        }
        if (auto *Cmpxchg = dyn_cast<AtomicCmpXchgInst>(&II)) {
          // Transform:
          // %1 = cmpxchg i32* %ptr, i32 %comparator, i32 %0 seq_cst acquire
          // To:
          // %cmpxchg.res = call spir_func
          //   i32 @_Z29__spirv_AtomicCompareExchangePiiiiii(
          //   i32* %ptr, i32 1, i32 16, i32 2, i32 %0, i32 %comparator)
          // %cmpxchg.success = icmp eq i32 %cmpxchg.res, %comparator
          // %1 = insertvalue { i32, i1 } undef, i32 %cmpxchg.res, 0
          // %2 = insertvalue { i32, i1 } %1, i1 %cmpxchg.success, 1

          // cmpxchg LLVM instruction returns a pair {i32, i1}: the original
          // value and a flag indicating success (true) or failure (false).
          // OpAtomicCompareExchange SPIR-V instruction returns only the
          // original value. To keep the return type({i32, i1}) we construct
          // a composite. The first element of the composite holds result of
          // OpAtomicCompareExchange, i.e. the original value. The second
          // element holds result of comparison of the returned value and the
          // comparator, which matches with semantics of the flag returned by
          // cmpxchg.
          Value *Ptr = Cmpxchg->getPointerOperand();

          spv::Scope S =
              toSPIRVScope(Cmpxchg->getContext(), Cmpxchg->getSyncScopeID());
          Value *MemoryScope = getInt32(M, S);
          auto SuccessOrder = static_cast<OCLMemOrderKind>(
              llvm::toCABI(Cmpxchg->getSuccessOrdering()));
          auto FailureOrder = static_cast<OCLMemOrderKind>(
              llvm::toCABI(Cmpxchg->getFailureOrdering()));
          Value *EqualSem = getInt32(M, OCLMemOrderMap::map(SuccessOrder));
          Value *UnequalSem = getInt32(M, OCLMemOrderMap::map(FailureOrder));
          Value *Val = Cmpxchg->getNewValOperand();
          Value *Comparator = Cmpxchg->getCompareOperand();

          Type *MemType = Cmpxchg->getCompareOperand()->getType();

          llvm::Value *Args[] = {Ptr,        MemoryScope, EqualSem,
                                 UnequalSem, Val,         Comparator};
          auto *Res =
              addCallInstSPIRV(M, "__spirv_AtomicCompareExchange", MemType,
                               Args, nullptr, {MemType}, &II, "cmpxchg.res");
          IRBuilder<> Builder(Cmpxchg);
          auto *Cmp = Builder.CreateICmpEQ(Res, Comparator, "cmpxchg.success");
          auto *V1 = Builder.CreateInsertValue(
              UndefValue::get(Cmpxchg->getType()), Res, 0);
          auto *V2 = Builder.CreateInsertValue(V1, Cmp, 1, Cmpxchg->getName());
          Cmpxchg->replaceAllUsesWith(V2);
          ToErase.push_back(Cmpxchg);
        }
      }
    }
    for (Instruction *V : ToErase) {
      assert(V->user_empty());
      V->eraseFromParent();
    }
  }

  if (SPIRVDbgSaveRegularizedModule)
    saveLLVMModule(M, RegularizedModuleTmpFile);
  return true;
}

void SPIRVRegularizeLLVMBase::addKernelEntryPoint(Module *M) {
  std::vector<Function *> Work;

  // Get a list of all functions that have SPIR kernel calling conv
  for (auto &F : *M) {
    if (F.getCallingConv() == CallingConv::SPIR_KERNEL)
      Work.push_back(&F);
  }
  for (auto &F : Work) {
    // for declarations just make them into SPIR functions.
    F->setCallingConv(CallingConv::SPIR_FUNC);
    if (F->isDeclaration())
      continue;

    // Otherwise add a wrapper around the function to act as an entry point.
    FunctionType *FType = F->getFunctionType();
    std::string WrapName =
        kSPIRVName::EntrypointPrefix + static_cast<std::string>(F->getName());
    Function *WrapFn =
        getOrCreateFunction(M, F->getReturnType(), FType->params(), WrapName);

    auto *CallBB = BasicBlock::Create(M->getContext(), "", WrapFn);
    IRBuilder<> Builder(CallBB);

    Function::arg_iterator DestI = WrapFn->arg_begin();
    for (const Argument &I : F->args()) {
      DestI->setName(I.getName());
      DestI++;
    }
    SmallVector<Value *, 1> Args;
    for (Argument &I : WrapFn->args()) {
      Args.emplace_back(&I);
    }
    auto *CI = CallInst::Create(F, ArrayRef<Value *>(Args), "", CallBB);
    CI->setCallingConv(F->getCallingConv());
    CI->setAttributes(F->getAttributes());

    // copy over all the metadata (should it be removed from F?)
    SmallVector<std::pair<unsigned, MDNode *>> MDs;
    F->getAllMetadata(MDs);
    WrapFn->setAttributes(F->getAttributes());
    for (auto MD = MDs.begin(), End = MDs.end(); MD != End; ++MD) {
      WrapFn->addMetadata(MD->first, *MD->second);
    }
    WrapFn->setCallingConv(CallingConv::SPIR_KERNEL);
    WrapFn->setLinkage(llvm::GlobalValue::InternalLinkage);

    Builder.CreateRet(F->getReturnType()->isVoidTy() ? nullptr : CI);

    // Have to find the spir-v metadata for execution mode and transfer it to
    // the wrapper.
    if (auto NMD = SPIRVMDWalker(*M).getNamedMD(kSPIRVMD::ExecutionMode)) {
      while (!NMD.atEnd()) {
        Function *MDF = nullptr;
        auto N = NMD.nextOp(); /* execution mode MDNode */
        N.get(MDF);
        if (MDF == F)
          N.M->replaceOperandWith(0, ValueAsMetadata::get(WrapFn));
      }
    }
  }
}

} // namespace SPIRV

INITIALIZE_PASS(SPIRVRegularizeLLVMLegacy, "spvregular",
                "Regularize LLVM for SPIR-V", false, false)

ModulePass *llvm::createSPIRVRegularizeLLVMLegacy() {
  return new SPIRVRegularizeLLVMLegacy();
}