tutorial-console.md

Console applications

Note: This section is under development.

Yii has full featured support for console applications, whose structure is very similar to a Yii web application. A console application consists of one or more [[yii\console\Controller]] classes, which are often referred to as "commands" in the console environment. Each controller can also have one or more actions, just like web controllers.

Usage

You execute a console controller action using the following syntax:

yii <route> [--option1=value1 --option2=value2 ... argument1 argument2 ...]

For example, the [[yii\console\controllers\MigrateController::actionCreate()|MigrateController::actionCreate()]] with [[yii\console\controllers\MigrateController::$migrationTable|MigrateController::$migrationTable]] set can be called from command line like so:

yii migrate/create --migrationTable=my_migration

In the above yii is the console application entry script which is described below.

Note: When using * in console don't forget to quote it as "*" in order to avoid executing it as a shell glob that will be replaced by all file names of the current directory.

Entry script

The console application entry script is equivalent to the index.php bootstrap file used for the web application. The console entry script is typically called yii, and located in your application's root directory. It contains code like the following:

#!/usr/bin/env php
<?php
/**
 * Yii console bootstrap file.
 */

defined('YII_DEBUG') or define('YII_DEBUG', true);

// fcgi doesn't have STDIN and STDOUT defined by default
defined('STDIN') or define('STDIN', fopen('php://stdin', 'r'));
defined('STDOUT') or define('STDOUT', fopen('php://stdout', 'w'));

require(__DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php');
require(__DIR__ . '/vendor/yiisoft/yii2/Yii.php');

$config = require(__DIR__ . '/config/console.php');

$application = new yii\console\Application($config);
$exitCode = $application->run();
exit($exitCode);

This script will be created as part of your application; you're free to edit it to suit your needs. The YII_DEBUG constant can be set to false if you do not want to see a stack trace on error, and/or if you want to improve the overall performance. In both basic and advanced application templates, the console application entry script has debugging enabled by default to provide a more developer-friendly environment.

Configuration

As can be seen in the code above, the console application uses its own configuration file, named console.php. In this file you should configure various application components and properties for the console application in particular.

If your web application and console application share a lot of configuration parameters and values, you may consider moving the common parts into a separate file, and including this file in both of the application configurations (web and console). You can see an example of this in the "advanced" application template.

Tip: Sometimes, you may want to run a console command using an application configuration that is different from the one specified in the entry script. For example, you may want to use the yii migrate command to upgrade your test databases, which are configured in each individual test suite. To change the configuration dynamically, simply specify a custom application configuration file via the appconfig option when executing the command:

yii <route> --appconfig=path/to/config.php ...

Creating your own console commands

Console Controller and Action

A console command is defined as a controller class extending from [[yii\console\Controller]]. In the controller class, you define one or more actions that correspond to sub-commands of the controller. Within each action, you write code that implements the appropriate tasks for that particular sub-command.

When running a command, you need to specify the route to the controller action. For example, the route migrate/create invokes the sub-command that corresponds to the [[yii\console\controllers\MigrateController::actionCreate()|MigrateController::actionCreate()]] action method. If a route offered during execution does not contain an action ID, the default action will be executed (as with a web controller).

Options

By overriding the [[yii\console\Controller::options()]] method, you can specify options that are available to a console command (controller/actionID). The method should return a list of the controller class's public properties. When running a command, you may specify the value of an option using the syntax --OptionName=OptionValue. This will assign OptionValue to the OptionName property of the controller class.

If the default value of an option is of an array type and you set this option while running the command, the option value will be converted into an array by splitting the input string on any commas.

Arguments

Besides options, a command can also receive arguments. The arguments will be passed as the parameters to the action method corresponding to the requested sub-command. The first argument corresponds to the first parameter, the second corresponds to the second, and so on. If not enough arguments are provided when the command is called, the corresponding parameters will take the declared default values, if defined. If no default value is set, and no value is provided at runtime, the command will exit with an error.

You may use the array type hint to indicate that an argument should be treated as an array. The array will be generated by splitting the input string on commas.

The following example shows how to declare arguments:

class ExampleController extends \yii\console\Controller
{
    // The command "yii example/create test" will call "actionCreate('test')"
    public function actionCreate($name) { ... }

    // The command "yii example/index city" will call "actionIndex('city', 'name')"
    // The command "yii example/index city id" will call "actionIndex('city', 'id')"
    public function actionIndex($category, $order = 'name') { ... }

    // The command "yii example/add test" will call "actionAdd(['test'])"
    // The command "yii example/add test1,test2" will call "actionAdd(['test1', 'test2'])"
    public function actionAdd(array $name) { ... }
}

Exit Code

Using exit codes is a best practice for console application development. Conventionally, a command returns 0 to indicate that everything is OK. If the command returns a number greater than zero, that's considered to be indicative of an error. The number returned will be the error code, potentially usable to find out details about the error. For example 1 could stand generally for an unknown error and all codes above would be reserved for specific cases: input errors, missing files, and so forth.

To have your console command return an exit code, simply return an integer in the controller action method:

public function actionIndex()
{
    if (/* some problem */) {
        echo "A problem occured!\n";
        return 1;
    }
    // do something
    return 0;
}

There are some predefined constants you can use:

• Controller::EXIT_CODE_NORMAL with value of 0;
• Controller::EXIT_CODE_ERROR with value of 1.

It's a good practice to define meaningful constants for your controller in case you have more error code types.

Formatting and colors

Yii console supports formatted output that is automatically degraded to non-formatted one if it's not supported by terminal running the command.

Outputting formatted strings is simple. Here's how to output some bold text:

$this->stdout("Hello?\n", Console::BOLD);

If you need to build string dynamically combining multiple styles it's better to use ansiFormat:

$name = $this->ansiFormat('Alex', Console::FG_YELLOW);
echo "Hello, my name is $name.";