diff --git a/frontend/src/App.tsx b/frontend/src/App.tsx
index 5e6d5ac..a04f9cc 100644
--- a/frontend/src/App.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/App.tsx
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import React, { useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
 import Logo from './components/Logo';
 import LoadingMessage from './components/LoadingMessage';
 import MessageBubble from './components/MessageBubble';
+import { sanitizeErrorMessage, isErrorResponse, logError } from './utils/ErrorHandler';
 
 interface Message {
   id: string;
@@ -105,19 +106,34 @@ Try asking me something like:
 
       const data: ChatResponse = await response.json();
 
+      // Check if response is an error and sanitize it
+      const isError = data.error || isErrorResponse(data.response);
+      const displayContent = isError 
+        ? sanitizeErrorMessage(data.response)
+        : data.response;
+
+      // Log original error for debugging (only in console)
+      if (isError) {
+        logError('API Response', data.response);
+      }
+
       const aiMessage: Message = {
         id: (Date.now() + 1).toString(),
-        type: data.error ? 'error' : 'ai',
-        content: data.response,
+        type: isError ? 'error' : 'ai',
+        content: displayContent,
         timestamp: new Date()
       };
 
       setMessages(prev => [...prev, aiMessage]);
     } catch (error) {
+      // Log full error for debugging
+      logError('Chat Request Failed', error);
+      
+      // Show sanitized message to user
       const errorMessage: Message = {
         id: (Date.now() + 1).toString(),
         type: 'error',
-        content: 'Sorry, I encountered an error while processing your request. Please check your connection and try again.',
+        content: sanitizeErrorMessage(String(error)),
         timestamp: new Date()
       };
       setMessages(prev => [...prev, errorMessage]);
@@ -222,4 +238,4 @@ Try asking me something like:
   );
 };
 
-export default App;
+export default App;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/ErrorHandler.ts b/frontend/src/utils/ErrorHandler.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08826a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/ErrorHandler.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/**
+ * Error Handler Utility
+ * Sanitizes API error messages to prevent exposing internal system details
+ * 
+ * Security Issue: #47
+ * https://github.com/INCF/knowledge-space-agent/issues/47
+ */
+
+interface ErrorPattern {
+  pattern: RegExp;
+  userMessage: string;
+}
+
+const ERROR_PATTERNS: ErrorPattern[] = [
+  // Rate Limit Errors
+  {
+    pattern: /429|RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED|quota|rate.?limit/i,
+    userMessage: "I'm currently experiencing high demand. Please try again in a moment."
+  },
+  // SSL/Connection Errors
+  {
+    pattern: /SSL|EOF|UNEXPECTED_EOF|protocol|_ssl\.c|ECONNREFUSED|ECONNRESET/i,
+    userMessage: "Unable to connect to the server. Please check your connection and try again."
+  },
+  // Network Errors
+  {
+    pattern: /network|connection|fetch|failed.?to.?fetch|net::ERR/i,
+    userMessage: "Unable to connect to the server. Please check your internet connection."
+  },
+  // Timeout Errors
+  {
+    pattern: /timeout|timed?\s*out|504|ETIMEDOUT/i,
+    userMessage: "The request took too long. Please try a simpler query."
+  },
+  // Service Unavailable
+  {
+    pattern: /503|service.?unavailable|temporarily|maintenance/i,
+    userMessage: "The service is temporarily unavailable. Please try again later."
+  },
+  // Server Errors
+  {
+    pattern: /500|internal.?server|server.?error/i,
+    userMessage: "Something went wrong on our end. Please try again."
+  },
+  // Bad Gateway
+  {
+    pattern: /502|bad.?gateway/i,
+    userMessage: "The service is temporarily unavailable. Please try again."
+  },
+  // Authentication Errors
+  {
+    pattern: /401|403|unauthorized|forbidden|auth/i,
+    userMessage: "There was an authentication issue. Please try again later."
+  }
+];
+
+/**
+ * Patterns that indicate sensitive internal information
+ */
+const SENSITIVE_PATTERNS: RegExp[] = [
+  /gemini|gpt-|claude|llama|anthropic|openai/i,
+  /api[_-]?key|token|secret|password/i,
+  /FreeTier|quota|billing|plan/i,
+  /stack\s*trace|traceback|at\s+\w+\s+\(/i,
+  /\/api\/|localhost|127\.0\.0\.1|0\.0\.0\.0/i,
+  /\.py|\.js|\.ts|\.c|line\s*\d+|:\d+:\d+/i,
+  /"error"\s*:\s*\{|\{.*"code"\s*:/i,
+  /retryDelay|quotaValue|quotaId|quotaMetric/i,
+  /_ssl\.c|ssl\.py|socket\.py/i,
+  /violation.?of.?protocol|certificate/i
+];
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a message contains sensitive internal details
+ */
+function containsSensitiveInfo(message: string): boolean {
+  if (!message) return false;
+  return SENSITIVE_PATTERNS.some(pattern => pattern.test(message));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Sanitizes error messages to show user-friendly text
+ * Prevents exposure of internal system details
+ */
+export function sanitizeErrorMessage(rawMessage: string): string {
+  if (!rawMessage || typeof rawMessage !== 'string') {
+    return "Something went wrong. Please try again.";
+  }
+
+  const message = rawMessage.trim();
+
+  // Check against known error patterns first
+  for (const { pattern, userMessage } of ERROR_PATTERNS) {
+    if (pattern.test(message)) {
+      return userMessage;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If contains any sensitive info, return generic message
+  if (containsSensitiveInfo(message)) {
+    return "Sorry, an error occurred while processing your request. Please try again.";
+  }
+
+  // If message is very long, it's probably a raw error dump
+  if (message.length > 200) {
+    return "Sorry, an error occurred. Please try again.";
+  }
+
+  // If message starts with "Error:" it's likely technical
+  if (/^error\s*:/i.test(message)) {
+    return "Sorry, an error occurred. Please try again.";
+  }
+
+  // Message seems safe, return it
+  return message.length > 150 ? message.substring(0, 150) + '...' : message;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a response indicates an error condition
+ */
+export function isErrorResponse(response: string): boolean {
+  if (!response || typeof response !== 'string') return false;
+  
+  const errorIndicators = [
+    /^error\s*:/i,
+    /exception|failed|failure/i,
+    /\b(4\d{2}|5\d{2})\b/,
+    /RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED/i,
+    /SSL.*error|EOF.*protocol/i,
+    /unable\s+to|cannot\s+connect/i
+  ];
+
+  return errorIndicators.some(pattern => pattern.test(response));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Logs error details for debugging (console only)
+ */
+export function logError(context: string, error: unknown): void {
+  console.error(`[KnowledgeSpace Error] ${context}:`, error);
+}
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