ElasticSearch Test.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch\n",
    "import os\n",
    "import json\n",
    "import uuid\n",
    "from elasticsearch import helpers"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Connected to ES!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "es = Elasticsearch([{'host': 'localhost', 'port': 9200}], request_timeout=30)\n",
    "if es.ping():\n",
    "    print('Connected to ES!')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print('Could not connect!')\n",
    "       "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "def script_path():\n",
    "    path = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(\"data_trials_new.json\"))\n",
    "    if os.name == 'posix': # posix is for macOS or Linux\n",
    "        path = path + \"/\"\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        path = path + chr(92) # backslash is for Windows\n",
    "    return path\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "'''\n",
    "this function opens a file and returns its\n",
    "contents as a list of strings split by linebreaks\n",
    "'''\n",
    "def get_data_from_file(self, path=script_path()):\n",
    "    file = open(path + str(self), encoding=\"utf8\", errors='ignore')\n",
    "    data = [line.strip() for line in file]\n",
    "    file.close()\n",
    "    return data\n",
    "\n",
    "'''\n",
    "generator to push bulk data from a JSON\n",
    "file into an Elasticsearch index\n",
    "'''\n",
    "def bulk_json_data(json_file, _index, doc_type):\n",
    "    json_list = get_data_from_file(json_file)\n",
    "    for doc in json_list:\n",
    "    # use a `yield` generator so that the data\n",
    "    # isn't loaded into memory\n",
    "        if '{\"index\"' not in doc:\n",
    "            yield {\n",
    "                \"_index\": _index,\n",
    "                \"_type\": doc_type,\n",
    "                \"_source\": doc\n",
    "            }\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "\n",
      "RESPONSE: (50, [])\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "C:\\Users\\swapnil\\installations\\anaconda\\anaconda\\lib\\site-packages\\elasticsearch\\connection\\base.py:193: ElasticsearchDeprecationWarning: [types removal] Specifying types in bulk requests is deprecated.\n",
      "  warnings.warn(message, category=ElasticsearchDeprecationWarning)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import os\n",
    "import json\n",
    "import uuid\n",
    "from elasticsearch import helpers\n",
    "try:\n",
    "    # make the bulk call, and get a response\n",
    "    response = helpers.bulk(es, bulk_json_data(\"data_trials_new.json\", \"stackoverflow3\", \"people\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "    #response = helpers.bulk(elastic, actions, index='employees', doc_type='people')\n",
    "    print (\"\\nRESPONSE:\", response)\n",
    "except Exception as e:\n",
    "    print(\"\\nERROR:\", e)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'took': 1144,\n",
       " 'timed_out': False,\n",
       " '_shards': {'total': 1, 'successful': 1, 'skipped': 0, 'failed': 0},\n",
       " 'hits': {'total': {'value': 50, 'relation': 'eq'},\n",
       "  'max_score': 1.0,\n",
       "  'hits': [{'_index': 'test-database1',\n",
       "    '_type': '_doc',\n",
       "    '_id': 'JS5K63YBXX3FrV-li1Ge',\n",
       "    '_score': 1.0,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'SQL select only rows with max value on a column [duplicate]',\n",
       "     'details': \"I have this table for documents (simplified version here):+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\\n| id   | rev   | content                              |\\n+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\\n| 1    | 1     | ...                                  |\\n| 2    | 1     | ...                                  |\\n| 1    | 2     | ...                                  |\\n| 1    | 3     | ...                                  |\\n+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\\nHow do I select one row per id and only the greatest rev?\\nWith the above data, the result should contain two rows: [1, 3, ...] and [2, 1, ..]. I'm using .Currently I use checks in the while loop to detect and over-write old revs from the resultset. But is this the only method to achieve the result? Isn't there a  solution?\\nAs the answers suggest, there  a SQL solution, and . \\nI noticed after adding the above , the rate at which the question is upvoted has surpassed the upvote rate of the answers. That has not been the intention! The fiddle is based on the answers, especially the accepted answer.\",\n",
       "     'answers': [\"I have this table for documents (simplified version here):+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\\n| id   | rev   | content                              |\\n+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\\n| 1    | 1     | ...                                  |\\n| 2    | 1     | ...                                  |\\n| 1    | 2     | ...                                  |\\n| 1    | 3     | ...                                  |\\n+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\\nHow do I select one row per id and only the greatest rev?\\nWith the above data, the result should contain two rows: [1, 3, ...] and [2, 1, ..]. I'm using .Currently I use checks in the while loop to detect and over-write old revs from the resultset. But is this the only method to achieve the result? Isn't there a  solution?\\nAs the answers suggest, there  a SQL solution, and . \\nI noticed after adding the above , the rate at which the question is upvoted has surpassed the upvote rate of the answers. That has not been the intention! The fiddle is based on the answers, especially the accepted answer.\",\n",
       "      'All you need is a GROUP BY clause with the MAX aggregate function:SELECT id, MAX(rev)\\nFROM YourTable\\nGROUP BY id\\nI just noticed you need the content column as well.This is a very common question in SQL: find the whole data for the row with some max value in a column per some group identifier. I heard that a lot during my career. Actually, it was one the questions I answered in my current job\\'s technical interview. It is, actually, so common that StackOverflow community has created a single tag just to deal with questions like that: .Basically, you have two approaches to solve that problem:group-identifier, max-value-in-groupIn this approach, you first find the group-identifier, max-value-in-group (already solved above) in a sub-query. Then you join your table to the sub-query with equality on both group-identifier and max-value-in-group:SELECT a.id, a.rev, a.contents\\nFROM YourTable a\\nINNER JOIN (\\n    SELECT id, MAX(rev) rev\\n    FROM YourTable\\n    GROUP BY id\\n) b ON a.id = b.id AND a.rev = b.rev\\nIn this approach, you left join the table with itself. Equality goes in the group-identifier. Then, 2 smart moves: NULLLEFT JOINNULLSo you end up with:SELECT a.*\\nFROM YourTable a\\nLEFT OUTER JOIN YourTable b\\n    ON a.id = b.id AND a.rev < b.rev\\nWHERE b.id IS NULL;\\nBoth approaches bring the exact same result. If you have two rows with max-value-in-group for group-identifier, both rows will be in the result in both approaches.Both approaches are SQL ANSI compatible, thus, will work with your favorite RDBMS, regardless of its \"flavor\".Both approaches are also performance friendly, however your mileage may vary (RDBMS, DB Structure, Indexes, etc.). So when you pick one approach over the other, . And make sure you pick the one which make most of sense to you.',\n",
       "      'My preference is to use as little code as possible...You can do it using IN\\ntry this:SELECT * \\nFROM t1 WHERE (id,rev) IN \\n( SELECT id, MAX(rev)\\n  FROM t1\\n  GROUP BY id\\n)\\nto my mind it is less complicated... easier to read and maintain.',\n",
       "      'I am flabbergasted that no answer offered SQL window function solution:SELECT a.id, a.rev, a.contents\\n  FROM (SELECT id, rev, contents,\\n               ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY rev DESC) rank\\n          FROM YourTable) a\\n WHERE a.rank = 1 \\nAdded in SQL standard ANSI/ISO Standard SQL:2003  and later extended with ANSI/ISO Standard SQL:2008, window (or windowing) functions are available with all major vendors now. There are more types of rank functions available to deal with a tie issue: RANK, DENSE_RANK, PERSENT_RANK.',\n",
       "      \"Yet another solution is to use a correlated subquery:select yt.id, yt.rev, yt.contents\\n    from YourTable yt\\n    where rev = \\n        (select max(rev) from YourTable st where yt.id=st.id)\\nHaving an index on (id,rev) renders the subquery almost as a simple lookup...Following are comparisons to the solutions in @AdrianCarneiro's answer (subquery, leftjoin), based on MySQL measurements with InnoDB table of ~1million records, group size being: 1-3.While for full table scans subquery/leftjoin/correlated timings relate to each other as 6/8/9, when it comes to direct lookups or batch (id in (1,2,3)), subquery is much slower then the others (Due to rerunning the subquery). However I couldnt differentiate between leftjoin and correlated solutions in speed.One final note, as leftjoin creates n*(n+1)/2 joins in groups, its performance can be heavily affected by the size of groups...\",\n",
       "      'I can\\'t vouch for the performance, but here\\'s a trick inspired by the limitations of Microsoft Excel.  It has some good features\\n\\n\\nIt is a little bit ugly and requires that you know something about the range of valid values of the  column.  Let us assume that we know the  column is a number between 0.00 and 999 including decimals but that there will only ever be two digits to the right of the decimal point (e.g. 34.17 would be a valid value).The gist of the thing is that you create a single synthetic column by string concatenating/packing the primary comparison field along with the data you want.  In this way, you can force SQL\\'s MAX() aggregate function to return all of the data (because it has been packed into a single column).  Then you have to unpack the data.Here\\'s how it looks with the above example, written in SQLSELECT id, \\n       CAST(SUBSTRING(max(packed_col) FROM 2 FOR 6) AS float) as max_rev,\\n       SUBSTRING(max(packed_col) FROM 11) AS content_for_max_rev \\nFROM  (SELECT id, \\n       CAST(1000 + rev + .001 as CHAR) || \\'---\\' || CAST(content AS char) AS packed_col\\n       FROM yourtable\\n      ) \\nGROUP BY id\\nThe packing begins by forcing the  column to be a number of known character length regardless of the value of  so that for example\\n\\n\\n\\nIf you do it right, string comparison of two numbers should yield the same \"max\" as numeric comparison of the two numbers and it\\'s easy to convert back to the original number using the substring function (which is available in one form or another pretty much everywhere).',\n",
       "      'Newer versions of MySQL come with ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY enabled by default, and many of the solutions here will  in testing with this condition.Even so, we can simply select DISTINCT , MAX(  ), ( *somethirdfield ), etc., and have no worries understanding the result or how the query works :SELECT DISTINCT t1.id, MAX(t1.rev), MAX(t2.content)\\nFROM Table1 AS t1\\nJOIN Table1 AS t2 ON t2.id = t1.id AND t2.rev = (\\n    SELECT MAX(rev) FROM Table1 t3 WHERE t3.id = t1.id\\n)\\nGROUP BY t1.id;\\n\\nSELECT DISTINCT Table1.id, max(Table1.rev), max(Table2.content)DISTINCTMAX()MAX()\\nFROM Employee\\nJOIN Table1 AS Table2 ON Table2.rev = Table1.rev\\nGROUP BY Table1.id\\nNote that since \"content\" was \"...\" in OP\\'s question, there\\'s no way to test that this works.  So, I changed that to \"..a\", \"..b\", so, we can actually now see that the results are correct:id  max(Table1.rev) max(Table2.content)\\n1   3   ..d\\n2   1   ..b\\n  DISTINCT(), MAX(), etc., all make wonderful use of MySQL indices.  This will be faster.  Or, it will be much faster, if you have indexing, and you compare it to a query that looks at all rows.With ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY disabled, we can use still use GROUP BY, but then we are only using it on the Salary, and not the id:SELECT *\\nFROM\\n    (SELECT *\\n    FROM Employee\\n    ORDER BY Salary DESC)\\nAS employeesub\\nGROUP BY employeesub.Salary;\\n\\nSELECT *\\nFROM Employee\\n(SELECT *...)\\nGROUP BY employeesub.Salary\\nNote the : \"Each row in a table has its own unique key.\"  This would mean that, in the question\\'s example, id would  unique, and in that case, we can just do :SELECT *\\nFROM Employee\\nWHERE Employee.id = 12345\\nORDER BY Employee.Salary DESC\\nLIMIT 1\\nHopefully this is a solution that solves the problem and helps everyone better understand what\\'s happening in the DB.',\n",
       "      'Something like this?SELECT yourtable.id, rev, content\\nFROM yourtable\\nINNER JOIN (\\n    SELECT id, max(rev) as maxrev\\n    FROM yourtable\\n    GROUP BY id\\n) AS child ON (yourtable.id = child.id) AND (yourtable.rev = maxrev)\\n',\n",
       "      'Another manner to do the job is using MAX() analytic function in OVER PARTITION clauseSELECT t.*\\n  FROM\\n    (\\n    SELECT id\\n          ,rev\\n          ,contents\\n          ,MAX(rev) OVER (PARTITION BY id) as max_rev\\n      FROM YourTable\\n    ) t\\n  WHERE t.rev = t.max_rev \\nThe other ROW_NUMBER() OVER PARTITION solution already documented in this post isSELECT t.*\\n  FROM\\n    (\\n    SELECT id\\n          ,rev\\n          ,contents\\n          ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY rev DESC) rank\\n      FROM YourTable\\n    ) t\\n  WHERE t.rank = 1 \\nThis 2 SELECT work well on Oracle 10g.MAX() solution runs certainly FASTER that ROW_NUMBER() solution because MAX() complexity is O(n) while ROW_NUMBER() complexity is at minimum O(n.log(n)) where n represent the number of records in table !',\n",
       "      'I like to use a NOT EXIST-based solution for this problem:SELECT \\n  id, \\n  rev\\n  -- you can select other columns here\\nFROM YourTable t\\nWHERE NOT EXISTS (\\n   SELECT * FROM YourTable t WHERE t.id = id AND rev > t.rev\\n)\\nThis will select all records with max value within the group and allows you to select other columns.',\n",
       "      'SELECT *\\nFROM Employee\\nwhere Employee.Salary in (select max(salary) from Employee group by Employe_id)\\nORDER BY Employee.Salary\\n',\n",
       "      \"A third solution I hardly ever see mentioned is MySQL specific and looks like this:SELECT id, MAX(rev) AS rev\\n , 0+SUBSTRING_INDEX(GROUP_CONCAT(numeric_content ORDER BY rev DESC), ',', 1) AS numeric_content\\nFROM t1\\nGROUP BY id\\nYes it looks awful (converting to string and back etc.) but in my experience it's usually faster than the other solutions. Maybe that just for my use cases, but I have used it on tables with millions of records and many unique ids. Maybe it's because MySQL is pretty bad at optimizing the other solutions (at least in the 5.0 days when I came up with this solution).One important thing is that GROUP_CONCAT has a maximum length for the string it can build up. You probably want to raise this limit by setting the group_concat_max_len variable. And keep in mind that this will be a limit on scaling if you have a large number of rows.Anyway, the above doesn't directly work if your content field is already text. In that case you probably want to use a different separator, like \\\\0 maybe. You'll also run into the group_concat_max_len limit quicker.\",\n",
       "      'I think, You want this?select * from docs where (id, rev) IN (select id, max(rev) as rev from docs group by id order by id)  \\nSQL Fiddle :\\n',\n",
       "      ', but for other people finding this question and using SQL, another way to resolve the  problem is using Cross Apply in MS SQLWITH DocIds AS (SELECT DISTINCT id FROM docs)\\n\\nSELECT d2.id, d2.rev, d2.content\\nFROM DocIds d1\\nCROSS APPLY (\\n  SELECT Top 1 * FROM docs d\\n  WHERE d.id = d1.id\\n  ORDER BY rev DESC\\n) d2\\n',\n",
       "      \"Since this is most popular question with regard to this problem, I'll re-post another answer to it here as well:It looks like there is simpler way to do this (but ):select *\\nfrom (select * from mytable order by id, rev desc ) x\\ngroup by id\\n in  for providing such a concise and elegant answer to this problem. though this solution works for many people it may not be stable in the long run, since MySQL doesn't guarantee that GROUP BY statement will return meaningful values for columns not in GROUP BY list. So use this solution at your own risk!\",\n",
       "      'I would use this:select t.*\\nfrom test as t\\njoin\\n   (select max(rev) as rev\\n    from test\\n    group by id) as o\\non o.rev = t.rev\\nSubquery SELECT is not too eficient maybe, but in JOIN clause seems to be usable. I\\'m not an expert in optimizing queries, but I\\'ve tried at MySQL, PostgreSQL, FireBird and it does work very good.You can use this schema in multiple joins and with WHERE clause. It is my working example (solving identical to yours problem with table \"firmy\"):select *\\nfrom platnosci as p\\njoin firmy as f\\non p.id_rel_firmy = f.id_rel\\njoin (select max(id_obj) as id_obj\\n      from firmy\\n      group by id_rel) as o\\non o.id_obj = f.id_obj and p.od > \\'2014-03-01\\'\\nIt is asked on tables having teens thusands of records, and it takes less then 0,01 second on really not too strong machine.I wouldn\\'t use IN clause (as it is mentioned somewhere above). IN is given to use with short lists of constans, and not as to be the query filter built on subquery. It is because subquery in IN is performed for every scanned record which can made query taking very loooong time.',\n",
       "      'If you have many fields in select statement and you want latest  value for all of those fields through optimized code:select * from\\n(select * from table_name\\norder by id,rev desc) temp\\ngroup by id \\n',\n",
       "      'How about this:SELECT all_fields.*  \\nFROM (SELECT id, MAX(rev) FROM yourtable GROUP BY id) AS max_recs  \\nLEFT OUTER JOIN yourtable AS all_fields \\nON max_recs.id = all_fields.id\\n',\n",
       "      \"This solution makes only one selection from YourTable, therefore it's faster. It works only for MySQL and SQLite(for SQLite remove DESC) according to test on sqlfiddle.com. Maybe it can be tweaked to work on other languages which I am not familiar with.SELECT *\\nFROM ( SELECT *\\n       FROM ( SELECT 1 as id, 1 as rev, 'content1' as content\\n              UNION\\n              SELECT 2, 1, 'content2'\\n              UNION\\n              SELECT 1, 2, 'content3'\\n              UNION\\n              SELECT 1, 3, 'content4'\\n            ) as YourTable\\n       ORDER BY id, rev DESC\\n   ) as YourTable\\nGROUP BY id\\n\",\n",
       "      'Here is a nice way of doing thatUse following code :with temp as  ( \\nselect count(field1) as summ , field1\\nfrom table_name\\ngroup by field1 )\\nselect * from temp where summ = (select max(summ) from temp)\\n',\n",
       "      \"I like to do this by ranking the records by some column. In this case, rank rev values grouped by id. Those with higher rev will have lower rankings. So highest rev will have ranking of 1.select id, rev, content\\nfrom\\n (select\\n    @rowNum := if(@prevValue = id, @rowNum+1, 1) as row_num,\\n    id, rev, content,\\n    @prevValue := id\\n  from\\n   (select id, rev, content from YOURTABLE order by id asc, rev desc) TEMP,\\n   (select @rowNum := 1 from DUAL) X,\\n   (select @prevValue := -1 from DUAL) Y) TEMP\\nwhere row_num = 1;\\nNot sure if introducing variables makes the whole thing slower. But at least I'm not querying YOURTABLE twice.\",\n",
       "      \"Sorted the rev field in reverse order and then grouped by id which gave the first row of each grouping which is the one with the highest rev value.SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM table1 ORDER BY id, rev DESC) X GROUP BY X.id;\\nTested in  with the following dataCREATE TABLE table1\\n    (`id` int, `rev` int, `content` varchar(11));\\n\\nINSERT INTO table1\\n    (`id`, `rev`, `content`)\\nVALUES\\n    (1, 1, 'One-One'),\\n    (1, 2, 'One-Two'),\\n    (2, 1, 'Two-One'),\\n    (2, 2, 'Two-Two'),\\n    (3, 2, 'Three-Two'),\\n    (3, 1, 'Three-One'),\\n    (3, 3, 'Three-Three')\\n;\\nThis gave the following result in MySql 5.5 and 5.6 id  rev content\\n1   2   One-Two\\n2   2   Two-Two\\n3   3   Three-Two\\n\",\n",
       "      'here is another solution hope it will help someone    Select a.id , a.rev, a.content from Table1 a\\ninner join \\n(SELECT id, max(rev) rev FROM Table1 GROUP BY id) x on x.id =a.id and x.rev =a.rev\\n',\n",
       "      'None of these answers have worked for me.This is what worked for me.with score as (select max(score_up) from history)\\nselect history.* from score, history where history.score_up = score.max\\n',\n",
       "      \"Here's another solution to retrieving the records only with a field that has the maximum value for that field. This works for SQL400 which is the platform I work on. In this example, the records with the maximum value in field FIELD5 will be retrieved by the following SQL statement.SELECT A.KEYFIELD1, A.KEYFIELD2, A.FIELD3, A.FIELD4, A.FIELD5\\n  FROM MYFILE A\\n WHERE RRN(A) IN\\n   (SELECT RRN(B) \\n      FROM MYFILE B\\n     WHERE B.KEYFIELD1 = A.KEYFIELD1 AND B.KEYFIELD2 = A.KEYFIELD2\\n     ORDER BY B.FIELD5 DESC\\n     FETCH FIRST ROW ONLY)\\n\",\n",
       "      \"This is not pure SQL. This will use the SQLAlchemy ORM.I came here looking for SQLAlchemy help, so I will duplicate Adrian Carneiro's answer with the python/SQLAlchemy version, specifically the outer join part.This query answers the question of:     This allows me to duplicate the record, update it, increment its version number, and have the copy of the old version in such a way that I can show change over time.MyTableAlias = aliased(MyTable)\\nnewest_records = appdb.session.query(MyTable).select_from(join(\\n    MyTable, \\n    MyTableAlias, \\n    onclause=and_(\\n        MyTable.id == MyTableAlias.id,\\n        MyTable.version_int < MyTableAlias.version_int\\n    ),\\n    isouter=True\\n    )\\n).filter(\\n    MyTableAlias.id  == None,\\n).all()\\nTested on a PostgreSQL database.\",\n",
       "      'I used the below to solve a problem of my own. I first created a temp table and inserted the max rev value per unique id.CREATE TABLE #temp1\\n(\\n    id varchar(20)\\n    , rev int\\n)\\nINSERT INTO #temp1\\nSELECT a.id, MAX(a.rev) as rev\\nFROM \\n    (\\n        SELECT id, content, SUM(rev) as rev\\n        FROM YourTable\\n        GROUP BY id, content\\n    ) as a \\nGROUP BY a.id\\nORDER BY a.id\\nI then joined these max values (#temp1) to all of the possible id/content combinations. By doing this, I naturally filter out the non-maximum id/content combinations, and am left with the only max rev values for each.SELECT a.id, a.rev, content\\nFROM #temp1 as a\\nLEFT JOIN\\n    (\\n        SELECT id, content, SUM(rev) as rev\\n        FROM YourTable\\n        GROUP BY id, content\\n    ) as b on a.id = b.id and a.rev = b.rev\\nGROUP BY a.id, a.rev, b.content\\nORDER BY a.id\\n',\n",
       "      'You can make the select without a join when you combine the rev and id into one maxRevId value for MAX() and then split it back to original values:SELECT maxRevId & ((1 << 32) - 1) as id, maxRevId >> 32 AS rev\\nFROM (SELECT MAX(((rev << 32) | id)) AS maxRevId\\n      FROM YourTable\\n      GROUP BY id) x;\\nThis is especially fast when there is a complex join instead of a single table. With the traditional approaches the complex join would be done twice.The above combination is simple with bit functions when rev and id are INT UNSIGNED (32 bit) and combined value fits to BIGINT UNSIGNED (64 bit). When the id & rev are larger than 32-bit values or made of multiple columns, you need combine the value into e.g. a binary value with suitable padding for MAX().'],\n",
       "     'total_vectors': [-0.03176768496632576,\n",
       "      -0.08147518336772919,\n",
       "      0.07560104876756668,\n",
       "      0.04538910835981369,\n",
       "      -0.0018591542029753327,\n",
       "      -0.015971610322594643,\n",
       "      0.025868985801935196,\n",
       "      -0.06579285860061646,\n",
       "      0.01668880693614483,\n",
       "      0.05892341211438179,\n",
       "      0.051900893449783325,\n",
       "      0.024806808680295944,\n",
       "      -0.024279247969388962,\n",
       "      0.06450140476226807,\n",
       "      0.04392591491341591,\n",
       "      0.08179758489131927,\n",
       "      0.0035213525407016277,\n",
       "      0.034852948039770126,\n",
       "      0.021984947845339775,\n",
       "      -0.00687254685908556,\n",
       "      0.04702597111463547,\n",
       "      -0.020075015723705292,\n",
       "      -0.0014546627644449472,\n",
       "      0.007940152660012245,\n",
       "      0.005478825885802507,\n",
       "      0.030723778530955315,\n",
       "      -0.051396653056144714,\n",
       "      -0.03539585694670677,\n",
       "      0.0488264374434948,\n",
       "      -0.015726052224636078,\n",
       "      0.03209562227129936,\n",
       "      0.030312813818454742,\n",
       "      0.08072879910469055,\n",
       "      0.005313454661518335,\n",
       "      0.027959410101175308,\n",
       "      0.036882393062114716,\n",
       "      0.006505977362394333,\n",
       "      0.009789728559553623,\n",
       "      -0.03738141432404518,\n",
       "      0.06368368864059448,\n",
       "      0.0317520871758461,\n",
       "      -0.05262155458331108,\n",
       "      0.007120293565094471,\n",
       "      -0.005444572307169437,\n",
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       "      0.006841427180916071,\n",
       "      -0.05668653920292854,\n",
       "      -0.025336557999253273,\n",
       "      0.04913536459207535,\n",
       "      -0.0392020046710968,\n",
       "      -0.019313404336571693,\n",
       "      0.08137068897485733,\n",
       "      0.011540648527443409,\n",
       "      -0.0037419048603624105]}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'test-database1',\n",
       "    '_type': '_doc',\n",
       "    '_id': 'Ji5K63YBXX3FrV-ljVFx',\n",
       "    '_score': 1.0,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How do I get PHP errors to display?',\n",
       "     'details': 'I have checked my PHP ini file (php.ini) and display_errors is set and also error reporting is E_ALL. I have restarted my Apache webserver.I have even put these lines at the top of my script, and it doesn\\'t even catch simple parse errors. For example, I declare variables with a \"$\" and I don\\'t close statements\";\". But all my scripts show a blank page on these errors, but I want to actually see the  in my browser output. error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set(\\'display_errors\\', 1);\\nWhat is left to do?',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I have checked my PHP ini file (php.ini) and display_errors is set and also error reporting is E_ALL. I have restarted my Apache webserver.I have even put these lines at the top of my script, and it doesn\\'t even catch simple parse errors. For example, I declare variables with a \"$\" and I don\\'t close statements\";\". But all my scripts show a blank page on these errors, but I want to actually see the  in my browser output. error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set(\\'display_errors\\', 1);\\nWhat is left to do?',\n",
       "      \"This always works for me:ini_set('display_errors', '1');\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', '1');\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\nHowever, this doesn't make PHP to show parse errors - the only way to show those errors is to modify your php.ini with this line:display_errors = on\\n(if you don't have access to php.ini, then putting this line in .htaccess might work too):php_flag display_errors 1\\n\",\n",
       "      \"You can't catch parse errors when enabling error output at runtime, because it parses the file before actually executing anything (and since it encounters an error during this, it won't execute anything). You'll need to change the actual server configuration so that display_errors is on and the approriate error_reporting level is used. If you don't have access to php.ini, you may be able to use .htaccess or similar, depending on the server. may provide additional info.\",\n",
       "      'Inside your :display_errors = on\\nThen restart your web server.',\n",
       "      \"To display all errors you need to:index.phperror_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set('display_errors', '1');\\ndisplay_errors = Onphp.iniOtherwise, it can't even run those 2 lines!You can check for syntax errors in your script by running (at the command line):php -l index.php\\nIf you  the script from another PHP script then it  display syntax errors in the  script.  For example:index.phperror_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set('display_errors', '1');\\n\\n// Any syntax errors here will result in a blank screen in the browser\\n\\ninclude 'my_script.php';\\nmy_script.phpadjfkj // This syntax error will be displayed in the browser\\n\",\n",
       "      'Some web hosting providers allow you to change PHP parameters in the .htaccess file.You can add the following line:php_value display_errors 1\\nI had the same issue as yours and this solution fixed it.',\n",
       "      'You might find all of the settings for \"error reporting\" or \"display errors\" do not appear to work in PHP\\xa07. That is because error handling has changed. Try this instead:try{\\n     // Your code\\n} \\ncatch(Error $e) {\\n    $trace = $e->getTrace();\\n    echo $e->getMessage().\\' in \\'.$e->getFile().\\' on line \\'.$e->getLine().\\' called from \\'.$trace[0][\\'file\\'].\\' on line \\'.$trace[0][\\'line\\'];\\n}\\nOr, to catch exceptions and errors in one go (this is not backward compatible with PHP\\xa05):try{\\n     // Your code\\n} \\ncatch(Throwable $e) {\\n    $trace = $e->getTrace();\\n    echo $e->getMessage().\\' in \\'.$e->getFile().\\' on line \\'.$e->getLine().\\' called from \\'.$trace[0][\\'file\\'].\\' on line \\'.$trace[0][\\'line\\'];\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      \"This will work:<?php\\n     error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n     ini_set('display_errors', 1);    \\n?>\\n\",\n",
       "      \"Use:ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\nThis is the best way to write it, but a syntax error gives blank output, so use the console to check for syntax errors. The best way to debug PHP code is to use the console; run the following:php -l phpfilename.php\\n\",\n",
       "      \"Set this in your  file:ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\",\n",
       "      'Create a file called  in the folder where your PHP file resides.Inside php.ini add the following code (I am giving an simple error showing code):display_errors = on\\n\\ndisplay_startup_errors = on\\n',\n",
       "      \"If, despite following all of the above answers (or you can't edit your php.ini file), you still can't get an error message, try making a new PHP file that enables error reporting and then include the problem file. eg:error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nrequire_once('problem_file.php');\\nDespite having everything set properly in my php.ini file, this was the only way I could catch a namespace error. My exact scenario was://file1.php\\nnamespace a\\\\b;\\nclass x {\\n    ...\\n}\\n\\n//file2.php\\nnamespace c\\\\d;\\nuse c\\\\d\\\\x; //Dies because it's not sure which 'x' class to use\\nclass x {\\n    ...\\n}\\n\",\n",
       "      'As we are now running PHP 7, answers given here are not correct any more. The only one still OK is , as he talks about PHP\\xa07.On the other side, rather than trying to catch errors with a try/catch you can use a trick: use include.Here three pieces of code:File: tst1.php<?php\\n    error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n    ini_set(\\'display_errors\\', \\'On\\');\\n    // Missing \" and ;\\n    echo \"Testing\\n?>\\nRunning this in PHP\\xa07 will show nothing.Now, try this:File: tst2.php<?php\\n    error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n    ini_set(\\'display_errors\\', \\'On\\');\\n    include (\"tst3.php\");\\n?>\\nFile: tst3.php<?php\\n    // Missing \" and ;\\n    echo \"Testing\\n?>\\nNow run tst2 which sets the error reporting, and then include tst3. You will see:Parse error: syntax error, unexpected end of file, expecting variable (T_VARIABLE) or ${ (T_DOLLAR_OPEN_CURLY_BRACES) or {$ (T_CURLY_OPEN) in tst3.php on line 4',\n",
       "      \"I would usually go with the following code in my plain PHP projects.if(!defined('ENVIRONMENT')){\\n    define('ENVIRONMENT', 'DEVELOPMENT');\\n}\\n\\n$base_url = null;\\n\\nif (defined('ENVIRONMENT'))\\n{\\n    switch (ENVIRONMENT)\\n    {\\n        case 'DEVELOPMENT':\\n            $base_url = 'http://localhost/product/';\\n            ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\n            ini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\n            error_reporting(E_ALL|E_STRICT);\\n            break;\\n\\n        case 'PRODUCTION':\\n            $base_url = 'Production URL'; /* https://google.com */\\n            error_reporting(0);\\n            /* Mechanism to log errors */\\n            break;\\n\\n        default:\\n            exit('The application environment is not set correctly.');\\n    }\\n}\\n\",\n",
       "      'If you somehow find yourself in a situation where you can\\'t modifiy the setting via php.ini or .htaccess you\\'re out of luck for displaying errors when your PHP scripts contain parse errors. You\\'d then have to resolve to  like this:find . -name \\'*.php\\' -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -P8 php -l | grep -v \"No syntax errors\"\\nIf your host is so locked down that it does not allow changing the value via php.ini or .htaccess, it may also disallow changing the value via ini_set. You can check that with the following PHP script:<?php\\nif( !ini_set( \\'display_errors\\', 1 ) ) {\\n  echo \"display_errors cannot be set.\";\\n} else {\\n  echo \"changing display_errors via script is possible.\";\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      \"You can do something like below:Set the below parameters in your main index file:    ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\n    ini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nThen based on your requirement you can choose which you want to show:For  errors, warnings and notices:    error_reporting(E_ALL); OR error_reporting(-1);\\nFor  errors:    error_reporting(E_ERROR);\\nFor  warnings:    error_reporting(E_WARNING);\\nFor  notices:    error_reporting(E_NOTICE);\\nFor more information, check .\",\n",
       "      'You can add your own custom error handler, which can provide extra debug information. Furthermore, you can set it up to send you the information via email.function ERR_HANDLER($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){\\n    $msg = \"<b>Something bad happened.</b> [$errno] $errstr <br><br>\\n    <b>File:</b> $errfile <br>\\n    <b>Line:</b> $errline <br>\\n    <pre>\".json_encode(debug_backtrace(), JSON_PRETTY_PRINT).\"</pre> <br>\";\\n\\n    echo $msg;\\n\\n    return false;\\n}\\n\\nfunction EXC_HANDLER($exception){\\n    ERR_HANDLER(0, $exception->getMessage(), $exception->getFile(), $exception->getLine());\\n}\\n\\nfunction shutDownFunction() {\\n    $error = error_get_last();\\n    if ($error[\"type\"] == 1) {\\n        ERR_HANDLER($error[\"type\"], $error[\"message\"], $error[\"file\"], $error[\"line\"]);\\n    }\\n}\\n\\nset_error_handler (\"ERR_HANDLER\", E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT & ~E_DEPRECATED);\\nregister_shutdown_function(\"shutdownFunction\");\\nset_exception_handler(\"EXC_HANDLER\");\\n',\n",
       "      'This code on top should work:error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nHowever, try to edit the code on the phone in the file:error_reporting =on\\n',\n",
       "      'The best/easy/fast solution that you can use if it\\'s a quick debugging, is to surround your code with catching exceptions. That\\'s what I\\'m doing when I want to check something fast in production.try {\\n    // Page code\\n}\\ncatch (Exception $e) {\\n    echo \\'Caught exception: \\',  $e->getMessage(), \"\\\\n\";\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      '    <?php\\n    // Turn off error reporting\\n    error_reporting(0);\\n\\n    // Report runtime errors\\n    error_reporting(E_ERROR | E_WARNING | E_PARSE);\\n\\n    // Report all errors\\n    error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\\n    // Same as error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n    ini_set(\"error_reporting\", E_ALL);\\n\\n    // Report all errors except E_NOTICE\\n    error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE);\\n    ?>\\nWhile your site is live, the php.ini file should have display_errors disabled for security reasons. However, for the development environment, display_errors can be enabled for troubleshooting. ',\n",
       "      'Just write:error_reporting(-1);\\n',\n",
       "      \"You can do this by changing the  php.ini file and add the following display_errors = on\\ndisplay_startup_errors = on\\nOR you can also use the following code as this always works for meini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\",\n",
       "      \"If you have  installed you can override every setting by setting:xdebug.force_display_errors = 1;\\nxdebug.force_error_reporting = -1;\\nforce_display_errorsType: int, Default value: 0, Introduced in Xdebug >= 2.3 If this\\n  setting is set to 1 then errors will always be displayed, no matter\\n  what the setting of PHP's display_errors is.force_error_reportingType: int, Default value: 0, Introduced in Xdebug >= 2.3\\n  This setting is a bitmask, like error_reporting. This bitmask will be logically ORed with the bitmask represented by error_reporting to dermine which errors should be displayed. This setting can only be made in php.ini and allows you to force certain errors from being shown no matter what an application does with ini_set().\",\n",
       "      \"You might want to use this code:ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\",\n",
       "      \"Report all errors except E_NOTICEerror_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE);\\nDisplay all PHP errors error_reporting(E_ALL);  or ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);\\nTurn off all error reportingerror_reporting(0);\\n\",\n",
       "      'If it is on the command line, you can run php with -ddisplay_errors=1 to override the setting in php.ini:php -ddisplay_errors=1 script.php\\n',\n",
       "      \"display_errors = on;\\nphp_flag display_errors 1\\nini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\",\n",
       "      'In Unix , it\\'s very practical to redirect :./script 2> errors.log\\nFrom your script, either use var_dump() or equivalent as usual (both STDOUT and STDERR will receive the output), but  file:fwrite(STDERR, \"Debug infos\\\\n\"); // Write in errors.log^\\nThen from another shell, for live changes:tail -f errors.log\\nor simplywatch cat errors.log\\n'],\n",
       "     'total_vectors': [-0.020633578300476074,\n",
       "      -0.015878399834036827,\n",
       "      -0.008873963728547096,\n",
       "      0.04193195328116417,\n",
       "      0.03677342087030411,\n",
       "      -0.014224544167518616,\n",
       "      -0.04254364222288132,\n",
       "      0.030066968873143196,\n",
       "      -0.04619065672159195,\n",
       "      0.0285605788230896,\n",
       "      0.0028762323781847954,\n",
       "      0.002130878856405616,\n",
       "      -0.0273546501994133,\n",
       "      0.06390079110860825,\n",
       "      -0.0032318218145519495,\n",
       "      0.09169085323810577,\n",
       "      0.014029886573553085,\n",
       "      0.043541859835386276,\n",
       "      -0.0019741232972592115,\n",
       "      -0.0028959934134036303,\n",
       "      0.07170051336288452,\n",
       "      0.020463498309254646,\n",
       "      0.051545798778533936,\n",
       "      -0.04676802083849907,\n",
       "      0.020680734887719154,\n",
       "      -0.026940084993839264,\n",
       "      -0.04318124055862427,\n",
       "      -0.019269414246082306,\n",
       "      0.006290243472903967,\n",
       "      -0.027422867715358734,\n",
       "      -0.044523272663354874,\n",
       "      0.053708650171756744,\n",
       "      0.05263436585664749,\n",
       "      0.08231080323457718,\n",
       "      -0.08238337934017181,\n",
       "      -0.023588936775922775,\n",
       "      -0.06308665126562119,\n",
       "      -0.053544528782367706,\n",
       "      -0.013130644336342812,\n",
       "      -0.032036807388067245,\n",
       "      -0.03533840924501419,\n",
       "      -0.02391047030687332,\n",
       "      -0.013524690642952919,\n",
       "      0.041363995522260666,\n",
       "      0.09149442613124847,\n",
       "      0.012425851076841354,\n",
       "      -0.054252464324235916,\n",
       "      -0.001627233810722828,\n",
       "      -0.031102582812309265,\n",
       "      -0.06435573846101761,\n",
       "      0.08306721597909927,\n",
       "      0.09007498621940613,\n",
       "      0.01599586009979248,\n",
       "      -0.04676271229982376,\n",
       "      -0.08659597486257553,\n",
       "      0.008239571005105972,\n",
       "      -0.052358921617269516,\n",
       "      0.0021598823368549347,\n",
       "      -0.005428922828286886,\n",
       "      0.012810394167900085,\n",
       "      0.05836693197488785,\n",
       "      -0.04169721156358719,\n",
       "      -0.03682573139667511,\n",
       "      -0.07111315429210663,\n",
       "      -0.06768383085727692,\n",
       "      -0.07547684758901596,\n",
       "      -0.0840146392583847,\n",
       "      0.0030919238924980164,\n",
       "      -0.0011835370678454638,\n",
       "      0.005040876567363739,\n",
       "      -0.057357750833034515,\n",
       "      0.039274778217077255,\n",
       "      0.05084192007780075,\n",
       "      -0.021331390365958214,\n",
       "      0.046776726841926575,\n",
       "      -0.00656603230163455,\n",
       "      -0.00853564590215683,\n",
       "      0.02609005756676197,\n",
       "      0.07671689987182617,\n",
       "      0.08536238223314285,\n",
       "      0.08104869723320007,\n",
       "      0.021339232102036476,\n",
       "      -0.04532116279006004,\n",
       "      -0.0003460328734945506,\n",
       "      0.07137513905763626,\n",
       "      0.022079071030020714,\n",
       "      0.017502550035715103,\n",
       "      0.049543511122465134,\n",
       "      -0.04626626521348953,\n",
       "      -0.02613859809935093,\n",
       "      0.05123057961463928,\n",
       "      -0.006726033519953489,\n",
       "      -0.00013864680659025908,\n",
       "      0.03246043249964714,\n",
       "      0.052443727850914,\n",
       "      0.03703823685646057,\n",
       "      0.01621871627867222,\n",
       "      0.04768843948841095,\n",
       "      -0.0577164851129055,\n",
       "      -0.08970518410205841,\n",
       "      0.06581616401672363,\n",
       "      -0.028331467881798744,\n",
       "      -0.08022329211235046,\n",
       "      -0.00035991883487440646,\n",
       "      -0.0009930493542924523,\n",
       "      -0.011517247185111046,\n",
       "      0.09090885519981384,\n",
       "      0.042664773762226105,\n",
       "      -0.06246715784072876,\n",
       "      0.017529016360640526,\n",
       "      0.0023195454850792885,\n",
       "      -0.030857207253575325,\n",
       "      0.03650379553437233,\n",
       "      -0.03070693649351597,\n",
       "      0.013594958931207657,\n",
       "      -0.004397613927721977,\n",
       "      0.05187787488102913,\n",
       "      0.022318139672279358,\n",
       "      0.005616607144474983,\n",
       "      -0.07028970122337341,\n",
       "      0.01881997101008892,\n",
       "      -0.015559297055006027,\n",
       "      -0.019234029576182365,\n",
       "      0.008726930245757103,\n",
       "      -0.0032976313959807158,\n",
       "      0.05587606132030487,\n",
       "      -0.0027177261654287577,\n",
       "      0.005975503008812666,\n",
       "      0.06191539391875267,\n",
       "      0.0117389727383852,\n",
       "      -0.03956826403737068,\n",
       "      -0.026505833491683006,\n",
       "      -0.05342792719602585,\n",
       "      0.03442582115530968,\n",
       "      -0.0002499554248061031,\n",
       "      -0.0453759990632534,\n",
       "      -0.06856141239404678,\n",
       "      -0.049952004104852676,\n",
       "      0.008766000159084797,\n",
       "      0.023447541519999504,\n",
       "      -0.002110610483214259,\n",
       "      -0.014254421927034855,\n",
       "      -0.018213126808404922,\n",
       "      -0.014355726540088654,\n",
       "      0.03944864496588707,\n",
       "      -0.0882272943854332,\n",
       "      -0.021811267361044884,\n",
       "      -0.012547055259346962,\n",
       "      0.036332111805677414,\n",
       "      -0.003287044819444418,\n",
       "      -0.002742295851930976,\n",
       "      0.031596675515174866,\n",
       "      0.0716053694486618,\n",
       "      -0.02304847165942192,\n",
       "      -0.043726686388254166,\n",
       "      -0.04037341848015785,\n",
       "      -0.009927550330758095,\n",
       "      0.017176607623696327,\n",
       "      -0.01584184542298317,\n",
       "      -0.025460492819547653,\n",
       "      0.00017595195095054805,\n",
       "      0.01292438805103302,\n",
       "      0.03240266069769859,\n",
       "      -0.03503219783306122,\n",
       "      0.0863908976316452,\n",
       "      -0.0777190625667572,\n",
       "      -0.03152202442288399,\n",
       "      -0.010732810012996197,\n",
       "      0.03988570347428322,\n",
       "      0.03794052451848984,\n",
       "      -0.0541180819272995,\n",
       "      -0.0866268128156662,\n",
       "      -0.025962304323911667,\n",
       "      -0.02048204094171524,\n",
       "      0.008769902400672436,\n",
       "      -0.009191623888909817,\n",
       "      0.022644774988293648,\n",
       "      0.037132568657398224,\n",
       "      -0.014556855894625187,\n",
       "      -0.007237118203192949,\n",
       "      -0.022688282653689384,\n",
       "      0.05505511537194252,\n",
       "      -0.060368604958057404,\n",
       "      -0.045080214738845825,\n",
       "      0.03064495138823986,\n",
       "      0.011359317228198051,\n",
       "      0.004658468998968601,\n",
       "      0.02669043466448784,\n",
       "      -0.006505913566797972,\n",
       "      0.06376928091049194,\n",
       "      0.08273105323314667,\n",
       "      0.0021908078342676163,\n",
       "      0.0071727316826581955,\n",
       "      -0.06801988184452057,\n",
       "      0.004567938856780529,\n",
       "      -0.014868750236928463,\n",
       "      -0.004472990520298481,\n",
       "      0.09168965369462967,\n",
       "      -0.05878162384033203,\n",
       "      0.01759933866560459,\n",
       "      -0.07778353989124298,\n",
       "      0.050994567573070526,\n",
       "      -0.09152714163064957,\n",
       "      0.09013903886079788,\n",
       "      0.04178231209516525,\n",
       "      -0.024165373295545578,\n",
       "      -0.04140692576766014,\n",
       "      0.016960544511675835,\n",
       "      -0.08926844596862793,\n",
       "      -0.05219128727912903,\n",
       "      -0.020730670541524887,\n",
       "      0.05199088901281357,\n",
       "      -0.011043712496757507,\n",
       "      0.04511177912354469,\n",
       "      0.050875019282102585,\n",
       "      0.004859607666730881,\n",
       "      -0.011768253520131111,\n",
       "      0.0489644929766655,\n",
       "      -0.01311539951711893,\n",
       "      -0.049914129078388214,\n",
       "      -0.0020637568086385727,\n",
       "      0.024490581825375557,\n",
       "      0.030953072011470795,\n",
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       "   {'_index': 'test-database1',\n",
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       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to remove items from a list while iterating?',\n",
       "     'details': \"I'm iterating over a list of tuples in Python, and am attempting to remove them if they meet certain criteria. for tup in somelist:\\n    if determine(tup):\\n         code_to_remove_tup\\nWhat should I use in place of code_to_remove_tup? I can't figure out how to remove the item in this fashion.\",\n",
       "     'answers': [\"I'm iterating over a list of tuples in Python, and am attempting to remove them if they meet certain criteria. for tup in somelist:\\n    if determine(tup):\\n         code_to_remove_tup\\nWhat should I use in place of code_to_remove_tup? I can't figure out how to remove the item in this fashion.\",\n",
       "      \"You can use a list comprehension to create a new list containing only the elements you don't want to remove:somelist = [x for x in somelist if not determine(x)]\\nOr, by assigning to the slice somelist[:], you can mutate the existing list to contain only the items you want:somelist[:] = [x for x in somelist if not determine(x)]\\nThis approach could be useful if there are other references to somelist that need to reflect the changes.Instead of a comprehension, you could also use itertools. In Python 2:from itertools import ifilterfalse\\nsomelist[:] = ifilterfalse(determine, somelist)\\nOr in Python 3:from itertools import filterfalse\\nsomelist[:] = filterfalse(determine, somelist)\\nFor the sake of clarity and for those who find the use of the [:] notation hackish or fuzzy, here's a more explicit alternative. Theoretically, it should perform the same with regards to space and time than the one-liners above.temp = []\\nwhile somelist:\\n    x = somelist.pop()\\n    if not determine(x):\\n        temp.append(x)\\nwhile temp:\\n    somelist.append(templist.pop())\\nIt also works in other languages that may not have the  ability of Python lists, with minimal modifications. For instance, not all languages cast empty lists to a False as Python does. You can substitute while somelist: for something more explicit like while len(somelist) > 0:. \",\n",
       "      \"The answers suggesting list comprehensions are ALMOST correct -- except that they build a completely new list and then give it the same name the old list as, they do NOT modify the old list in place. That's different from what you'd be doing by selective removal, as in  -- it's faster, but if your list is accessed via multiple references the fact that you're just reseating one of the references and NOT altering the list object itself can lead to subtle, disastrous bugs.Fortunately, it's extremely easy to get both the speed of list comprehensions AND the required semantics of in-place alteration -- just code:somelist[:] = [tup for tup in somelist if determine(tup)]\\nNote the subtle difference with other answers: this one is NOT assigning to a barename - it's assigning to a list slice that just happens to be the entire list, thereby replacing the list  , rather than just reseating one reference (from previous list object to new list object) like the other answers.\",\n",
       "      'You need to take a copy of the list and iterate over it first, or the iteration will fail with what may be unexpected results.For example (depends on what type of list):for tup in somelist[:]:\\n    etc....\\nAn example:>>> somelist = range(10)\\n>>> for x in somelist:\\n...     somelist.remove(x)\\n>>> somelist\\n[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\\n\\n>>> somelist = range(10)\\n>>> for x in somelist[:]:\\n...     somelist.remove(x)\\n>>> somelist\\n[]\\n',\n",
       "      \"for i in range(len(somelist) - 1, -1, -1):\\n    if some_condition(somelist, i):\\n        del somelist[i]\\nYou need to go backwards otherwise it's a bit like sawing off the tree-branch that you are sitting on :-)Python 2 users: replace range by xrange to avoid creating a hardcoded list\",\n",
       "      \"Either:\\nuse a linked list implementation/roll your own.A linked list is the proper data structure to support efficient item removal, and does not force you to make space/time tradeoffs.A CPython list is implemented with  as , which is not a good data type to support removals.There doesn't seem to be a linked list in the standard library however:\\n\\n\\n\\nstart a new list() from scratch, and .append() back at the end as mentioned at: This time efficient, but less space efficient because it keeps an extra copy of the array around during iteration.\\nuse del with an index as mentioned at: This is more space efficient since it dispenses the array copy, but it is less time efficient, because removal from dynamic arrays requires shifting all following items back by one, which is O(N).\\nGenerally, if you are doing it quick and dirty and don't want to add a custom LinkedList class, you just want to go for the faster .append() option by default unless memory is a big concern.This part of the docs makes it clear that:\\n\\n[:]\\nIf you need to modify the sequence you are iterating over while inside the loop (for example to duplicate selected items), it is recommended that you first make a copy. Iterating over a sequence does not implicitly make a copy. The slice notation makes this especially convenient:>>> words = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']\\n>>> for w in words[:]:  # Loop over a slice copy of the entire list.\\n...     if len(w) > 6:\\n...         words.insert(0, w)\\n...\\n>>> words\\n['defenestrate', 'cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']\\nThis part of the docs says once again that you have to make a copy, and gives an actual removal example:Note: There is a subtlety when the sequence is being modified by the loop (this can only occur for mutable sequences, i.e. lists). An internal counter is used to keep track of which item is used next, and this is incremented on each iteration. When this counter has reached the length of the sequence the loop terminates. This means that if the suite deletes the current (or a previous) item from the sequence, the next item will be skipped (since it gets the index of the current item which has already been treated). Likewise, if the suite inserts an item in the sequence before the current item, the current item will be treated again the next time through the loop. This can lead to nasty bugs that can be avoided by making a temporary copy using a slice of the whole sequence, e.g.,for x in a[:]:\\n    if x < 0: a.remove(x)\\nHowever, I disagree with this implementation, since .remove() has to iterate the  to find the value.It seems like this particular Python API could be improved. Compare it, for instance, with:\\n\\nstd::vector::erase\\nboth of which make it crystal clear that you cannot modify a list being iterated except with the iterator itself, and gives you efficient ways to do so without copying the list.Perhaps the underlying rationale is that Python lists are assumed to be dynamic array backed, and therefore any type of removal will be time inefficient anyways, while Java has a nicer interface hierarchy with both ArrayList and LinkedList implementations of ListIterator.There doesn't seem to be an explicit linked list type in the Python stdlib either: \",\n",
       "      \"Your best approach for such an example would be a somelist = [tup for tup in somelist if determine(tup)]\\nIn cases where you're doing something more complex than calling a determine function, I prefer constructing a new list and simply appending to it as I go.  For examplenewlist = []\\nfor tup in somelist:\\n    # lots of code here, possibly setting things up for calling determine\\n    if determine(tup):\\n        newlist.append(tup)\\nsomelist = newlist\\nCopying the list using remove might make your code look a little cleaner, as described in one of the answers below.  You should definitely not do this for extremely large lists, since this involves first copying the entire list, and also performing an O(n) remove operation for each element being removed, making this an O(n^2) algorithm.for tup in somelist[:]:\\n    # lots of code here, possibly setting things up for calling determine\\n    if determine(tup):\\n        newlist.append(tup)\\n\",\n",
       "      'For those that like functional programming:somelist[:] = filter(lambda tup: not determine(tup), somelist)\\norfrom itertools import ifilterfalse\\nsomelist[:] = list(ifilterfalse(determine, somelist))\\n',\n",
       "      \"I needed to do this with a huge list, and duplicating the list seemed expensive, especially since in my case the number of deletions would be few compared to the items that remain. I took this low-level approach.array = [lots of stuff]\\narraySize = len(array)\\ni = 0\\nwhile i < arraySize:\\n    if someTest(array[i]):\\n        del array[i]\\n        arraySize -= 1\\n    else:\\n        i += 1\\nWhat I don't know is how efficient a couple of deletes are compared to copying a large list. Please comment if you have any insight.\",\n",
       "      'It might be smart to also just create a new list if the current list item meets the desired criteria. so:for item in originalList:\\n   if (item != badValue):\\n        newList.append(item)\\nand to avoid having to re-code the entire project with the new lists name:originalList[:] = newList\\nnote, from Python documentation: copy.copy(x) \\n  Return a shallow copy of x.copy.deepcopy(x) \\n  Return a deep copy of x.',\n",
       "      'This answer was originally written in response to a question which has since been marked as duplicate:\\nThere are two problems in your code:1) When using remove(), you attempt to remove integers whereas you need to remove a tuple.2) The for loop will skip items in your list.Let\\'s run through what happens when we execute your code:>>> L1 = [(1,2), (5,6), (-1,-2), (1,-2)]\\n>>> for (a,b) in L1:\\n...   if a < 0 or b < 0:\\n...     L1.remove(a,b)\\n... \\nTraceback (most recent call last):\\n  File \"<stdin>\", line 3, in <module>\\nTypeError: remove() takes exactly one argument (2 given)\\nThe first problem is that you are passing both \\'a\\' and \\'b\\' to remove(), but remove() only accepts a single argument. So how can we get remove() to work properly with your list? We need to figure out what each element of your list is. In this case, each one is a tuple. To see this, let\\'s access one element of the list (indexing starts at 0):>>> L1[1]\\n(5, 6)\\n>>> type(L1[1])\\n<type \\'tuple\\'>\\nAha! Each element of L1 is actually a tuple. So that\\'s what we need to be passing to remove(). Tuples in python are very easy, they\\'re simply made by enclosing values in parentheses. \"a, b\" is not a tuple, but \"(a, b)\" is a tuple. So we modify your code and run it again:# The remove line now includes an extra \"()\" to make a tuple out of \"a,b\"\\nL1.remove((a,b))\\nThis code runs without any error, but let\\'s look at the list it outputs: L1 is now: [(1, 2), (5, 6), (1, -2)]\\nWhy is (1,-2) still in your list? It turns out modifying the list while using a loop to iterate over it is a very bad idea without special care. The reason that (1, -2) remains in the list is that the locations of each item within the list changed between iterations of the for loop. Let\\'s look at what happens if we feed the above code a longer list:L1 = [(1,2),(5,6),(-1,-2),(1,-2),(3,4),(5,7),(-4,4),(2,1),(-3,-3),(5,-1),(0,6)]\\n### Outputs:\\nL1 is now: [(1, 2), (5, 6), (1, -2), (3, 4), (5, 7), (2, 1), (5, -1), (0, 6)]\\nAs you can infer from that result, every time that the conditional statement evaluates to true and a list item is removed, the next iteration of the loop will skip evaluation of the next item in the list because its values are now located at different indices.The most intuitive solution is to copy the list, then iterate over the original list and only modify the copy. You can try doing so like this:L2 = L1\\nfor (a,b) in L1:\\n    if a < 0 or b < 0 :\\n        L2.remove((a,b))\\n# Now, remove the original copy of L1 and replace with L2\\nprint L2 is L1\\ndel L1\\nL1 = L2; del L2\\nprint (\"L1 is now: \", L1)\\nHowever, the output will be identical to before:\\'L1 is now: \\', [(1, 2), (5, 6), (1, -2), (3, 4), (5, 7), (2, 1), (5, -1), (0, 6)]\\nThis is because when we created L2, python did not actually create a new object. Instead, it merely referenced L2 to the same object as L1. We can verify this with \\'is\\' which is different from merely \"equals\" (==).>>> L2=L1\\n>>> L1 is L2\\nTrue\\nWe can make a true copy using copy.copy(). Then everything works as expected:import copy\\nL1 = [(1,2), (5,6),(-1,-2), (1,-2),(3,4),(5,7),(-4,4),(2,1),(-3,-3),(5,-1),(0,6)]\\nL2 = copy.copy(L1)\\nfor (a,b) in L1:\\n    if a < 0 or b < 0 :\\n        L2.remove((a,b))\\n# Now, remove the original copy of L1 and replace with L2\\ndel L1\\nL1 = L2; del L2\\n>>> L1 is now: [(1, 2), (5, 6), (3, 4), (5, 7), (2, 1), (0, 6)]\\nFinally, there is one cleaner solution than having to make an entirely new copy of L1. The reversed() function:L1 = [(1,2), (5,6),(-1,-2), (1,-2),(3,4),(5,7),(-4,4),(2,1),(-3,-3),(5,-1),(0,6)]\\nfor (a,b) in reversed(L1):\\n    if a < 0 or b < 0 :\\n        L1.remove((a,b))\\nprint (\"L1 is now: \", L1)\\n>>> L1 is now: [(1, 2), (5, 6), (3, 4), (5, 7), (2, 1), (0, 6)]\\nUnfortunately, I cannot adequately describe how reversed() works. It returns a \\'listreverseiterator\\' object when a list is passed to it. For practical purposes, you can think of it as creating a reversed copy of its argument. This is the solution I recommend.',\n",
       "      \"Most of the answers here want you to create a copy of the list. I had a use case where the list was quite long (110K items) and it was smarter to keep reducing the list instead.First of all you'll need to ,i = 0\\nwhile i < len(somelist):\\n    if determine(somelist[i]):\\n         del somelist[i]\\n    else:\\n        i += 1\\nThe value of i is not changed in the if block because you'll want to get value of the new item FROM THE SAME INDEX, once the old item is deleted.\",\n",
       "      \"If you want to do anything else during the iteration, it may be nice to get both the index (which guarantees you being able to reference it, for example if you have a list of dicts) and the actual list item contents.inlist = [{'field1':10, 'field2':20}, {'field1':30, 'field2':15}]    \\nfor idx, i in enumerate(inlist):\\n    do some stuff with i['field1']\\n    if somecondition:\\n        xlist.append(idx)\\nfor i in reversed(xlist): del inlist[i]\\nenumerate gives you access to the item and the index at once. reversed is so that the indices that you're going to later delete don't change on you. \",\n",
       "      \"You can try for-looping in reverse so for some_list you'll do something like:list_len = len(some_list)\\nfor i in range(list_len):\\n    reverse_i = list_len - 1 - i\\n    cur = some_list[reverse_i]\\n\\n    # some logic with cur element\\n\\n    if some_condition:\\n        some_list.pop(reverse_i)\\nThis way the index is aligned and doesn't suffer from the list updates (regardless whether you pop cur element or not).\",\n",
       "      'You might want to use filter() available as the built-in.For more details ',\n",
       "      \"One possible solution, useful if you want not only remove some things, but also do something with all elements in a single loop:alist = ['good', 'bad', 'good', 'bad', 'good']\\ni = 0\\nfor x in alist[:]:\\n    if x == 'bad':\\n        alist.pop(i)\\n        i -= 1\\n    # do something cool with x or just print x\\n    print(x)\\n    i += 1\\n\",\n",
       "      \"for loop will be iterate through index..consider you have a list,[5, 7, 13, 29, 65, 91]\\nyou have using list variable called lis. and you using same to remove..your variable lis = [5, 7, 13, 29, 35, 65, 91]\\n       0  1   2   3   4   5   6\\nduring 5th iteration,your  was not a prime so you removed it from a list.lis.remove(y)\\nand then  move on to previous index.lis = [5, 7, 13, 29, 65, 91]\\n       0  1   2   3   4   5\\nso 4th iteration done pointer moved onto 5th.. thats why your loop doesnt cover 65 since its moved into previous index.so you shouldn't reference list into another variable which still reference original instead of copy.ite = lis #dont do it will reference instead copy\\nso do copy of list using list[::]now you it will give,[5, 7, 13, 29]\\nProblem is you removed a value from a list during iteration then your list index will collapse.so you can try comprehension instead.which supports all the iterable like, list, tuple, dict, string etc \",\n",
       "      'If you want to delete elements from a list while iterating, use a while-loop so you can alter the current index and end index after each deletion.Example:i = 0\\nlength = len(list1)\\n\\nwhile i < length:\\n    if condition:\\n        list1.remove(list1[i])\\n        i -= 1\\n        length -= 1\\n\\n    i += 1\\n',\n",
       "      \"I needed to do something similar and in my case the problem was memory - I needed to merge multiple dataset objects within a list, after doing some stuff with them, as a new object, and needed to get rid of each entry I was merging to avoid duplicating all of them and blowing up memory. In my case having the objects in a dictionary instead of a list worked fine:```k = range(5)\\nv = ['a','b','c','d','e']\\nd = {key:val for key,val in zip(k, v)}\\n\\nprint d\\nfor i in range(5):\\n    print d[i]\\n    d.pop(i)\\nprint d\\n```\",\n",
       "      'TLDR:I wrote a library that allows you to do this:from fluidIter import FluidIterable\\nfSomeList = FluidIterable(someList)  \\nfor tup in fSomeList:\\n    if determine(tup):\\n        # remove \\'tup\\' without \"breaking\" the iteration\\n        fSomeList.remove(tup)\\n        # tup has also been removed from \\'someList\\'\\n        # as well as \\'fSomeList\\'\\nIt\\'s best to use another method if possible that doesn\\'t require modifying your iterable while iterating over it, but for some algorithms it might not be that straight forward. And so if you are sure that you really do want the code pattern described in the original question, it is possible.Should work on all mutable sequences not just lists.Full answer:Edit: The last code example in this answer gives a use case for  you might sometimes want to modify a list in place rather than use a list comprehension. The first part of the answers serves as tutorial of  an array can be modified in place.The solution follows on from  answer (for a related question) from senderle. Which explains how the the array index is updated while iterating through a list that has been modified. The solution below is designed to correctly track the array index even if the list is modified.Download fluidIter.py from  https://github.com/alanbacon/FluidIterator, it is just a single file so no need to install git. There is no installer so you will need to make sure that the file is in the python path your self. The code has been written for python 3 and is untested on python 2.from fluidIter import FluidIterable\\nl = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]  \\nfluidL = FluidIterable(l)                       \\nfor i in fluidL:\\n    print(\\'initial state of list on this iteration: \\' + str(fluidL)) \\n    print(\\'current iteration value: \\' + str(i))\\n    print(\\'popped value: \\' + str(fluidL.pop(2)))\\n    print(\\' \\')\\n\\nprint(\\'Final List Value: \\' + str(l))\\nThis will produce the following output:initial state of list on this iteration: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]\\ncurrent iteration value: 0\\npopped value: 2\\n\\ninitial state of list on this iteration: [0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]\\ncurrent iteration value: 1\\npopped value: 3\\n\\ninitial state of list on this iteration: [0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]\\ncurrent iteration value: 4\\npopped value: 4\\n\\ninitial state of list on this iteration: [0, 1, 5, 6, 7, 8]\\ncurrent iteration value: 5\\npopped value: 5\\n\\ninitial state of list on this iteration: [0, 1, 6, 7, 8]\\ncurrent iteration value: 6\\npopped value: 6\\n\\ninitial state of list on this iteration: [0, 1, 7, 8]\\ncurrent iteration value: 7\\npopped value: 7\\n\\ninitial state of list on this iteration: [0, 1, 8]\\ncurrent iteration value: 8\\npopped value: 8\\n\\nFinal List Value: [0, 1]\\nAbove we have used the pop method on the fluid list object. Other common iterable methods are also implemented such as del fluidL[i], .remove, .insert, .append, .extend. The list can also be modified using slices (sort and reverse methods are not implemented).The only condition is that you must only modify the list in place, if at any point fluidL or l were reassigned to a different list object the code would not work. The original fluidL object would still be used by the for loop but would become out of scope for us to modify.i.e.fluidL[2] = \\'a\\'   # is OK\\nfluidL = [0, 1, \\'a\\', 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]  # is not OK\\nIf we want to access the current index value of the list we cannot use enumerate, as this only counts how many times the for loop has run. Instead we will use the iterator object directly.fluidArr = FluidIterable([0,1,2,3])\\n# get iterator first so can query the current index\\nfluidArrIter = fluidArr.__iter__()\\nfor i, v in enumerate(fluidArrIter):\\n    print(\\'enum: \\', i)\\n    print(\\'current val: \\', v)\\n    print(\\'current ind: \\', fluidArrIter.currentIndex)\\n    print(fluidArr)\\n    fluidArr.insert(0,\\'a\\')\\n    print(\\' \\')\\n\\nprint(\\'Final List Value: \\' + str(fluidArr))\\nThis will output the following:enum:  0\\ncurrent val:  0\\ncurrent ind:  0\\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\\n\\nenum:  1\\ncurrent val:  1\\ncurrent ind:  2\\n[\\'a\\', 0, 1, 2, 3]\\n\\nenum:  2\\ncurrent val:  2\\ncurrent ind:  4\\n[\\'a\\', \\'a\\', 0, 1, 2, 3]\\n\\nenum:  3\\ncurrent val:  3\\ncurrent ind:  6\\n[\\'a\\', \\'a\\', \\'a\\', 0, 1, 2, 3]\\n\\nFinal List Value: [\\'a\\', \\'a\\', \\'a\\', \\'a\\', 0, 1, 2, 3]\\nThe FluidIterable class just provides a wrapper for the original list object. The original object can be accessed as a property of the fluid object like so:originalList = fluidArr.fixedIterable\\nMore examples / tests can be found in the if __name__ is \"__main__\": section at the bottom of fluidIter.py. These are worth looking at because they explain what happens in various situations. Such as: Replacing a large sections of the list using a slice. Or using (and modifying) the same iterable in nested for loops.As I stated to start with: this is a complicated solution that will hurt the readability of your code and make it more difficult to debug. Therefore other solutions such as the list comprehensions mentioned in David Raznick\\'s  should be considered first. That being said, I have found times where this class has been useful to me and has been easier to use than keeping track of the indices of elements that need deleting.Edit: As mentioned in the comments, this answer does not really present a problem for which this approach provides a solution. I will try to address that here:List comprehensions provide a way to generate a new list but these approaches tend to look at each element in isolation rather than the current state of the list as a whole.i.e.newList = [i for i in oldList if testFunc(i)]\\nBut what if the result of the testFunc depends on the elements that have been added to newList already? Or the elements still in oldList that might be added next? There might still be a way to use a list comprehension but it will begin to lose it\\'s elegance, and for me it feels easier to modify a list in place.The code below is one example of an algorithm that suffers from the above problem. The algorithm will reduce a list so that no element is a multiple of any other element.randInts = [70, 20, 61, 80, 54, 18, 7, 18, 55, 9]\\nfRandInts = FluidIterable(randInts)\\nfRandIntsIter = fRandInts.__iter__()\\n# for each value in the list (outer loop)\\n# test against every other value in the list (inner loop)\\nfor i in fRandIntsIter:\\n    print(\\' \\')\\n    print(\\'outer val: \\', i)\\n    innerIntsIter = fRandInts.__iter__()\\n    for j in innerIntsIter:\\n        innerIndex = innerIntsIter.currentIndex\\n        # skip the element that the outloop is currently on\\n        # because we don\\'t want to test a value against itself\\n        if not innerIndex == fRandIntsIter.currentIndex:\\n            # if the test element, j, is a multiple \\n            # of the reference element, i, then remove \\'j\\'\\n            if j%i == 0:\\n                print(\\'remove val: \\', j)\\n                # remove element in place, without breaking the\\n                # iteration of either loop\\n                del fRandInts[innerIndex]\\n            # end if multiple, then remove\\n        # end if not the same value as outer loop\\n    # end inner loop\\n# end outerloop\\n\\nprint(\\'\\')\\nprint(\\'final list: \\', randInts)\\nThe output and the final reduced list are shown belowouter val:  70\\n\\nouter val:  20\\nremove val:  80\\n\\nouter val:  61\\n\\nouter val:  54\\n\\nouter val:  18\\nremove val:  54\\nremove val:  18\\n\\nouter val:  7\\nremove val:  70\\n\\nouter val:  55\\n\\nouter val:  9\\nremove val:  18\\n\\nfinal list:  [20, 61, 7, 55, 9]\\n',\n",
       "      \"The other answers are correct that it is usually a bad idea to delete from a list that you're iterating. Reverse iterating avoids the pitfalls, but it is much more difficult to follow code that does that, so usually you're better off using a list comprehension or filter.There is, however, one case where it is safe to remove elements from a sequence that you are iterating: if you're only removing one item while you're iterating. This can be ensured using a return or a break. For example:for i, item in enumerate(lst):\\n    if item % 4 == 0:\\n        foo(item)\\n        del lst[i]\\n        break\\nThis is often easier to understand than a list comprehension when you're doing some operations with side effects on the first item in a list that meets some condition and then removing that item from the list immediately after.\",\n",
       "      'The most effective method is list comprehension, many people show their case, of course, it is also a good way to get an iterator through filter.Filter receives a function and a sequence. Filter applies the passed function to each element in turn, and then decides whether to retain or discard the element depending on whether the function return value is True or False.There is an example  (get the odds in the tuple):list(filter(lambda x:x%2==1, (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15)))  \\n# result: [1, 5, 9, 15]\\n',\n",
       "      'In some situations, where you\\'re doing more than simply filtering a list one item at time, you want your iteration to change while iterating.Here is an example where copying the list beforehand is incorrect, reverse iteration is impossible and a list comprehension is also not an option.\"\"\" Sieve of Eratosthenes \"\"\"\\n\\ndef generate_primes(n):\\n    \"\"\" Generates all primes less than n. \"\"\"\\n    primes = list(range(2,n))\\n    idx = 0\\n    while idx < len(primes):\\n        p = primes[idx]\\n        for multiple in range(p+p, n, p):\\n            try:\\n                primes.remove(multiple)\\n            except ValueError:\\n                pass #EAFP\\n        idx += 1\\n        yield p\\n',\n",
       "      'I can think of three approaches to solve your problem. As an example, I will create a random list of tuples somelist = [(1,2,3), (4,5,6), (3,6,6), (7,8,9), (15,0,0), (10,11,12)]. The condition that I choose is sum of elements of a tuple = 15. In the final list we will only have those tuples whose sum is not equal to 15.   Use the framework that you had suggested (where one fills in a code inside a for loop). I use a small code with del to delete a tuple that meets the said condition. However, this method will miss a tuple (which satisfies the said condition) if two consecutively placed tuples meet the given condition. for tup in somelist:\\n    if ( sum(tup)==15 ): \\n        del somelist[somelist.index(tup)]\\n\\nprint somelist\\n>>> [(1, 2, 3), (3, 6, 6), (7, 8, 9), (10, 11, 12)]\\n Construct a new list which contains elements (tuples) where the given condition is not met (this is the same thing as removing elements of list where the given condition is met). Following is the code for that:newlist1 = [somelist[tup] for tup in range(len(somelist)) if(sum(somelist[tup])!=15)]\\n\\nprint newlist1\\n>>>[(1, 2, 3), (7, 8, 9), (10, 11, 12)]\\n Find indices where the given condition is met, and then use remove elements (tuples) corresponding to those indices. Following is the code for that.indices = [i for i in range(len(somelist)) if(sum(somelist[i])==15)]\\nnewlist2 = [tup for j, tup in enumerate(somelist) if j not in indices]\\n\\nprint newlist2\\n>>>[(1, 2, 3), (7, 8, 9), (10, 11, 12)]\\n. Method2 and method3 are more efficient than method1. I . For the aforementioned example, time(method1) : time(method2) : time(method3) = 1 : 1 : 1.7',\n",
       "      'For anything that has the potential to be really big, I use the following. import numpy as np\\n\\norig_list = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 100, 8, 13])\\n\\nremove_me = [100, 1]\\n\\ncleaned = np.delete(orig_list, remove_me)\\nprint(cleaned)\\nThat should be significantly faster than anything else. ',\n",
       "      \"If you will use the new list later, you can simply set the elem to None, and then judge it in the later loop, like thisfor i in li:\\n    i = None\\n\\nfor elem in li:\\n    if elem is None:\\n        continue\\nIn this way, you dont't need copy the list and it's easier to understand. \",\n",
       "      'uppose a list of number and you want to remove all no which are divisible by 3,list_number =[i for i in range(100)]\\nusing list comprehension,this will careate a new list and create new memory spacenew_list =[i for i in list_number if i%3!=0]\\nusing lambda filter function, this will create resultant new list and consume memeory spacenew_list = list(filter(lambda x:x%3!=0, list_number))\\nwithout consuming memory space for new list and modify existing listfor index, value in enumerate(list_number):\\n    if list_number[index]%3==0:\\n        list_number.remove(value)\\n'],\n",
       "     'total_vectors': [-0.013737167231738567,\n",
       "      -0.06635940074920654,\n",
       "      0.0810539647936821,\n",
       "      -0.040167227387428284,\n",
       "      -0.011534325778484344,\n",
       "      0.04521951824426651,\n",
       "      0.05810576304793358,\n",
       "      -0.051599983125925064,\n",
       "      -0.05307938903570175,\n",
       "      0.07007578760385513,\n",
       "      0.05162832513451576,\n",
       "      0.054796844720840454,\n",
       "      0.026671765372157097,\n",
       "      0.04572877287864685,\n",
       "      0.03639460727572441,\n",
       "      0.08951129019260406,\n",
       "      -0.01863975077867508,\n",
       "      -0.005269606597721577,\n",
       "      0.023344736546278,\n",
       "      0.055409520864486694,\n",
       "      0.007362643722444773,\n",
       "      -0.05613205209374428,\n",
       "      0.01106406468898058,\n",
       "      -0.02705543115735054,\n",
       "      0.02263161540031433,\n",
       "      -0.019919883459806442,\n",
       "      -0.007058529648929834,\n",
       "      -0.0034156078472733498,\n",
       "      -0.022514186799526215,\n",
       "      0.05021751672029495,\n",
       "      0.015748344361782074,\n",
       "      0.054036274552345276,\n",
       "      -0.04248621314764023,\n",
       "      0.02202571928501129,\n",
       "      0.026323139667510986,\n",
       "      0.04713305085897446,\n",
       "      -0.03684614598751068,\n",
       "      -0.03141360357403755,\n",
       "      -0.024890217930078506,\n",
       "      -0.018812105059623718,\n",
       "      0.037560924887657166,\n",
       "      -0.07307375967502594,\n",
       "      -0.04847562313079834,\n",
       "      -0.01348892692476511,\n",
       "      0.0876750648021698,\n",
       "      -0.00760373380035162,\n",
       "      -0.023025359958410263,\n",
       "      -0.06888677179813385,\n",
       "      0.06313677132129669,\n",
       "      -0.0317707322537899,\n",
       "      0.029312843456864357,\n",
       "      0.08478660136461258,\n",
       "      0.024441977962851524,\n",
       "      -0.032931167632341385,\n",
       "      -0.02017545886337757,\n",
       "      -0.0072152880020439625,\n",
       "      -0.02220069244503975,\n",
       "      0.04120156168937683,\n",
       "      -0.0019849641248583794,\n",
       "      0.009853138588368893,\n",
       "      0.005036205984652042,\n",
       "      -0.007559671998023987,\n",
       "      -0.00032751011895015836,\n",
       "      -0.026018233969807625,\n",
       "      0.012449098750948906,\n",
       "      -0.0324782058596611,\n",
       "      -0.026687823235988617,\n",
       "      -0.010112512856721878,\n",
       "      -0.026451703161001205,\n",
       "      -0.058077096939086914,\n",
       "      -0.01717119850218296,\n",
       "      0.038303911685943604,\n",
       "      0.010239934548735619,\n",
       "      0.08479752391576767,\n",
       "      0.005945246666669846,\n",
       "      -0.008039237931370735,\n",
       "      0.038642141968011856,\n",
       "      0.038749706000089645,\n",
       "      -0.06509465724229813,\n",
       "      0.053454626351594925,\n",
       "      0.014905697666108608,\n",
       "      0.04017815738916397,\n",
       "      0.010001348331570625,\n",
       "      -0.00020056449284311384,\n",
       "      0.0756305456161499,\n",
       "      -0.05837160721421242,\n",
       "      0.04681989178061485,\n",
       "      -0.03775246813893318,\n",
       "      -0.0833749771118164,\n",
       "      -0.04254905506968498,\n",
       "      -0.00640459731221199,\n",
       "      0.005371902137994766,\n",
       "      0.009886227548122406,\n",
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       "   {'_index': 'test-database1',\n",
       "    '_type': '_doc',\n",
       "    '_id': 'IC5K63YBXX3FrV-lg1GH',\n",
       "    '_score': 1.0,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'Should I avoid the use of set(Preferred|Maximum|Minimum)Size methods in Java Swing?',\n",
       "     'details': \"Several times I've been criticized for having suggested the use of the following methods:on Swing components. I don't see any alternative to their use when I want to define proportions between displayed components. I have been told this:With layouts the answer is always the same: use a suitable\\n  LayoutManagerI have searched the web a little bit, but I haven't found any comprehensive analysis of the subject. So I have the following questions:\",\n",
       "     'answers': [\"Several times I've been criticized for having suggested the use of the following methods:on Swing components. I don't see any alternative to their use when I want to define proportions between displayed components. I have been told this:With layouts the answer is always the same: use a suitable\\n  LayoutManagerI have searched the web a little bit, but I haven't found any comprehensive analysis of the subject. So I have the following questions:\",\n",
       "      'Should I completely avoid the use of those methods?Yes for application code.The methods have been defined for a reason. So when should I use them? In which context? For what purposes?I don\\'t know, personally I think of it as an API design accident. Slightly forced by compound components having special ideas about child sizes. \"Slightly\", because they should have implemented their needs with a custom LayoutManager.What exactly are the negative consequences of using those methods? (I can only think adding portability between systems with different screen resolution.)Some (incomplete, and unfortunately the links are broken due to migration of SwingLabs to java.net) technical reasons are for instance mentioned in the  or in the  @bendicott found in his/her comment to . Socially, posing tons of work onto your unfortunate fellow who has to maintain the code and has to track down a broken layout.I don\\'t think any LayoutManager can exactly satisfy all desired layout needs. Do I really need to implement a new LayoutManager for every little variation on my layout?Yes, there are LayoutManagers powerful enough to satisfy a very good approximation to \"all layout needs\". The big three are JGoodies FormLayout, MigLayout, DesignGridLayout. So no, in practice, you rarely write LayoutManagers except for simple highly specialized environments.If the answer to 4 is \"yes\", won\\'t this lead to a proliferation of LayoutManager classes which will become difficult to maintain? (The answer to 4 is \"no\".)In a situation where I need to define proportions between children of a Component (for example, child 1 should use 10% of space, child 2 40%, child 3 50%), is it possible to achieve that without implementing a custom LayoutManager?Any of the Big-Three can, can\\'t even GridBag (never bothered to really master, too much trouble for too little power).',\n",
       "      'A few heuristics:\\nDon\\'t use set[Preferred|Maximum|Minimum]Size() when you really mean to override get[Preferred|Maximum|Minimum]Size(), as might be done in creating your own component, shown .\\nDon\\'t use set[Preferred|Maximum|Minimum]Size() when you could rely on a component\\'s carefully overridden getPreferred|Maximum|Minimum]Size, as shown  and below.\\nDo use set[Preferred|Maximum|Minimum]Size() to derive post-validate() geometry, as shown below and .\\nIf a component has no preferred size, e.g. JDesktopPane, you may have to size the container, but any such choice is arbitrary. A comment may help clarify the intent.\\nConsider alternate or custom layouts when you find that you would have to loop through many components to obtain derived sizes, as mentioned in these .\\nimport java.awt.Component;\\nimport java.awt.Dimension;\\nimport java.awt.EventQueue;\\nimport java.awt.GridLayout;\\nimport java.awt.KeyboardFocusManager;\\nimport java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;\\nimport java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;\\nimport java.util.ArrayList;\\nimport java.util.List;\\nimport javax.swing.JComponent;\\nimport javax.swing.JDesktopPane;\\nimport javax.swing.JFrame;\\nimport javax.swing.JInternalFrame;\\nimport javax.swing.JLabel;\\nimport javax.swing.JPanel;\\nimport javax.swing.JScrollPane;\\nimport javax.swing.JTextField;\\nimport javax.swing.SwingUtilities;\\n\\n/**\\n * @see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7229226\\n * @see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7228843\\n */\\npublic class DesignTest {\\n\\n    private List<JTextField> list = new ArrayList<JTextField>();\\n    private JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\n    private JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(panel);\\n\\n    public static void main(String args[]) {\\n        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {\\n\\n            @Override\\n            public void run() {\\n                DesignTest id = new DesignTest();\\n                id.create(\"My Project\");\\n            }\\n        });\\n    }\\n\\n    private void addField(String name) {\\n        JTextField jtf = new JTextField(16);\\n        panel.add(new JLabel(name, JLabel.LEFT));\\n        panel.add(jtf);\\n        list.add(jtf);\\n    }\\n\\n    private void create(String strProjectName) {\\n        panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1));\\n        addField(\"First Name:\");\\n        addField(\"Last Name:\");\\n        addField(\"Address:\");\\n        addField(\"City:\");\\n        addField(\"Zip Code:\");\\n        addField(\"Phone:\");\\n        addField(\"Email Id:\");\\n        KeyboardFocusManager.getCurrentKeyboardFocusManager()\\n            .addPropertyChangeListener(\"permanentFocusOwner\",\\n            new FocusDrivenScroller(panel));\\n        // Show half the fields\\n        sp.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS);\\n        sp.validate();\\n        Dimension d = sp.getPreferredSize();\\n        d.setSize(d.width, d.height / 2);\\n        sp.setPreferredSize(d);\\n\\n        JInternalFrame internaFrame = new JInternalFrame();\\n        internaFrame.add(sp);\\n        internaFrame.pack();\\n        internaFrame.setVisible(true);\\n\\n        JDesktopPane desktopPane = new JDesktopPane();\\n        desktopPane.add(internaFrame);\\n\\n        JFrame frmtest = new JFrame();\\n        frmtest.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n        frmtest.add(desktopPane);\\n        frmtest.pack();\\n        // User\\'s preference should be read from java.util.prefs.Preferences\\n        frmtest.setSize(400, 300);\\n        frmtest.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\n        frmtest.setVisible(true);\\n        list.get(0).requestFocusInWindow();\\n    }\\n\\n    private static class FocusDrivenScroller implements PropertyChangeListener {\\n\\n        private JComponent parent;\\n\\n        public FocusDrivenScroller(JComponent parent) {\\n            this.parent = parent;\\n        }\\n\\n        @Override\\n        public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent evt) {\\n            Component focused = (Component) evt.getNewValue();\\n            if (focused != null\\n                && SwingUtilities.isDescendingFrom(focused, parent)) {\\n                parent.scrollRectToVisible(focused.getBounds());\\n            }\\n        }\\n    }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      \"Should I completely avoid the use of those methods?No, there is no formal evidence to suggest calling or overriding these methods is not allowed. In fact, Oracle says these methods are used for giving size hints: .They may also be overridden (which is the best practice for Swing) when  a Swing component (rather than calling the method on the custom component instance)Most importantly no matter how you specify your component's size, be sure that your component's container uses a layout manager that respects the requested size of the component. The methods have been defined for a reason. So when should I use them?\\n  In which context? For what purposes?When you need to provide customized size hints to the containers Layout manager so that the component will be laid out wellWhat exactly are the negative consequences of using those methods? (I\\n  can only think to add portability between systems with different\\n  screen resolution).\\nMany layout managers do not pay attention to a component's requested maximum size. However, BoxLayout and SpringLayout do. Furthermore, GroupLayout provides the ability to set the minimum, preferred or maximum size explicitly, without touching the component.\\nMake sure that you really need to set the component's exact size. Each Swing component has a different preferred size, depending on the font it uses and the look and feel. Thus having a set size might produce varied  of the UI on different Systems\\nsometimes problems can be encountered with GridBagLayout and text fields, wherein if the size of the container is smaller than the preferred size, the minimum size gets used, which can cause text fields to shrink quite substantially.\\nJFrame does not enforce overriden getMinimumSize() only calling setMinimumSize(..) on its works\\nI don't think any LayoutManager can exactly satisfy all desired layout\\n  needs. Do I really need to implement a new LayoutManager for every\\n  little variation on my layout?If by implementing you mean using then yes. Not one LayoutManger can handle everything, each LayoutManager has its pros and cons thus each can be used together to produce the final layout.\\n\\n\",\n",
       "      \"There are a lot of good answers here but I want to add a little more about the reasons  you should normally avoid these (the question just came up again in a duplicate topic):With few exceptions, if you are using these methods you are probably fine-tuning your GUI to look good on a specific look-and-feel (and with your system-specific settings, e.g. your preferred desktop font, etc.). The methods themselves aren't inherently evil, but the typical reasons for using them . As soon as you start tuning pixel positions and sizes in a layout you run the risk of your GUI breaking (or at minimum, looking bad), on other platforms.As an example of this, try changing your application's default look-and-feel. Even just with the options available on your platform, you may be surprised at how poorly the results can be rendered.So, in the name of keeping your GUI functional and nice-looking on all platforms (remember, one of the major benefits of Java is its cross-platformness), you should rely on layout managers, etc., to automatically adjust the sizes of your components so that it renders correctly outside of your specific development environment.All that said, you can certainly conceive of situations where these methods are justified. Again, they aren't inherently evil, but their usage is normally a  red flag indicating potential GUI issues. Just make sure you are aware of the high potential for complications if/when you use them, and always try and think if there is another look-and-feel-independent solution to your problems -- more often than not you will find that these methods are not necessary.By the way, if you find yourself getting frustrated with standard layout managers, there are a lot of good free, open-source third-party ones, for example FormLayout, or MigLayout. Some GUI builders even have built-in support for third-party layout managers -- Eclipse's WindowBuilder GUI editor, for example, ships with support for FormLayout and MigLayout.\",\n",
       "      \"If you are having trouble with layouts in Java Swing, then I can highly recommend the JGoodies FormLayout provided freely as part of the Forms freeware library by Karsten Lentzsch .This very popular layout manager is extremely flexible, allowing for very polished Java UIs to be developed.You'll find Karsten's documentation in , and some rather good documentation from eclipse .\",\n",
       "      \"These methods are poorly understood by most people. You should absolutely not ignore these methods. It is up to the layout manager if they honor these methods. This page has a table that shows which layout managers honor which of those methods:I have been writing Swing code for 8+ years and the layout managers included in the JDK have always served my needs. I have never needed a 3rd party layout manager to achieve my layouts.I will say that you shouldn't try to give the layout manager hints with these methods until you are sure you need them. Do your layout without giving any sizing hints (i.e. let the layout manager do its job) and then you can make minor corrections if you need to.\",\n",
       "      \"In a situation where I need to define proportions between children of a Component (child 1 should use 10% of space, child2 40% ,child3 50%), is it possible to achieve that without implementing a custom layout manager?Maybe GridBagLayout would satisfy your needs. Besides that, there's a ton of layout managers on the web, and I bet there's one that fits your requirements.\",\n",
       "      \"I am seeing it differenty than the accepted answer.Never avoid! They're there to express the size constraints of your components to the layout manager. You can avoid using them if you're not using any layout manager and try to manage the visual layout on your own.Unfortunately, Swing is not coming with reasonable default dimensions. However, instead of setting the dimensions of a component, it is better OOP to descend your own component with reasonable defaults. (In that case you call setXXX in your descendant class.) Alternatively, you can override the getXXX methods for the same effect.Always. When you create a component, set its realistic min/preferred/max size according to the use of that component. For example, if you have a JTextField for entering country symbols such as UK, its preferred size shall be as wide to fit two chars (with the current font, etc.) but probably it is meaningless to let it grow any bigger. After all, country symbols are two chars.\\nAs opposite, if you have a JTextField for entering e.g. a customer name, it can have a preferred size for like the pixel size for 20 chars, but can grow to bigger if the layout is resized, so set the maximum size to more. At the same time, having a 0px wide JTextField is pointless, so set a realistic minimum size (I would say the pixel size of 2 chars).(I can only think adding portability between systems with different screen resolution).No negative consequences. These are hints for the layout manager.Do I really need to implement a new LayoutManager for every little variation on my layout ?No, definitely not. The usual approach is to cascade different basic layoutmanagers such as horizontal and vertical layout.For example, the layout below:<pre>\\n+--------------+--------+\\n| ###JTABLE### | [Add]  | \\n| ...data...   |[Remove]|\\n| ...data...   |        |\\n| ...data...   |        |\\n+--------------+--------+\\n</pre>\\nis having two parts. The left and right parts are a horizontal layout. The right part is a JPanel added to the horizontal layout, and this JPanel is having a vertical layout which lays out the buttons vertically.Of course, this can grow tricky with a real life layout. Therefore grid-based layout managers such as MigLayout are much better if you're about to develop anything serious.No, you definitely shall not develop layout managers, unless you need something very special.between children of a Component (eg, child1 should use 10% of space, child2 40% ,child3 50%), is it possible to achieve that without implementing a custom LayoutManager?Basically, once the preferred sizes are set right, you may not want to do anything in percentage. Simply, because percentages are pointless (e.g. it is pointless to have a JTextField 10% of the window size - since one can shrink the window so that JTextField becomes 0px wide, or can expand the window so that the JTextField is across two displays on a multi-display setup).But, may times you may use the percentages to control sizes of bigger building blocks of your gui (panels, for example).You can use JSplitPane where you can pre-set the ratio of the two sides. Or, you can use MigLayout which allows you to set such constraints in percentage, pixels, and other units.\",\n",
       "      '\\nI wouldn\\'t say \"avoid\" them. I\\'d say that if you think you need them, you\\'re probably doing something wrong. Component sizes are determined in context. For example, Text component sizes are determined by the number of rows and columns you specify, combined with the font you may have chosen. Your button and label size will be the size of the graphic, if you set one, or the space needed to display the text you set. Each component has a natural size, and the layout managers will use those to lay everything out without you needing to specify sizes. The main exception is the JScrollPane, which has a size independent of whatever it contains. For those, I will sometimes call setSize(), and let that size determine the initial window size, by calling JFrame.pack(). Usually, I will let the window size determine the JScrollPane size. The user will determine the size of the window. Many layout managers ignore the sizes you set anyway, so they often don\\'t do much good.\\nI believe they were added to provide hints to the layout managers. They may have been written for historical reasons, because layout managers were new, and people didn\\'t fully trust them. I know a few developers who avoided layout managers and placed everything manually, just because they didn\\'t want to bother with learning a new paradigm. It\\'s a terrible idea.\\nThey\\'re ineffective, and they produce bad layouts, with objects getting squeezed or stretched to non-natural sizes. And the layouts will be brittle. Changes to the window size will sometimes break the layout and put things in the wrong places. You shouldn\\'t \"implement\" a new LayoutManager. You should instantiate existing ones. I often use several layout managers in a single window. Each JPanel will have its own layout manager. Some people balk at nested layouts, because they\\'re hard to maintain. When I use them, I give each one its own creation method to make it easier to see what each one does. But I never \"implement\" a layout manager. I just instantiate them. \\nIf you\\'re implementing new layout manager classes for slight variations in layout, you\\'re using them wrong. If you\\'re just implementing new layout managers, you\\'re probably doing something wrong. The only time I\\'ve extended a LayoutManager class, it was to add a zoom slider to a JScrollPane.\\nThe JSplitPane has a way of specifying the percentage each component should get. The divider is movable by default, but you can turn that off if you want. I don\\'t use that feature much. I usually have some components that take up a set size, and the rest of the space is taken up by a scroll pane. The scroll pane size will adjust with the window size. If you have two scroll panes side by side, you can put them in a JSplitPane and specify the percentage of new space given to each one as the user expands and contracts the windows.'],\n",
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       "   {'_index': 'test-database1',\n",
       "    '_type': '_doc',\n",
       "    '_id': 'IS5K63YBXX3FrV-lhVEl',\n",
       "    '_score': 1.0,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'Undefined, unspecified and implementation-defined behavior',\n",
       "     'details': 'What is undefined behavior in C and C++?  What about unspecified behavior and implementation-defined behavior?  What is the difference between them?',\n",
       "     'answers': ['What is undefined behavior in C and C++?  What about unspecified behavior and implementation-defined behavior?  What is the difference between them?',\n",
       "      ' is one of those aspects of the C and C++ language that can be surprising to programmers coming from other languages (other languages try to hide it better). Basically,  it is possible to write C++ programs that do not behave in a predictable way, even though many C++ compilers will not report any errors in the program!Let\\'s look at a classic example:#include <iostream>\\n\\nint main()\\n{\\n    char* p = \"hello!\\\\n\";   // yes I know, deprecated conversion\\n    p[0] = \\'y\\';\\n    p[5] = \\'w\\';\\n    std::cout << p;\\n}\\nThe variable p points to the string literal \"hello!\\\\n\", and the two assignments below try to modify that string literal. What does this program do? According to section 2.14.5 paragraph 11 of the C++ standard, it invokes :The effect of attempting to modify a string literal is undefined.I can hear people screaming \"But wait, I can compile this no problem and get the output yellow\" or \"What do you mean undefined, string literals are stored in read-only memory, so the first assignment attempt results in a core dump\". This is exactly the problem with undefined behavior. Basically, the standard allows anything to happen once you invoke undefined behavior (even nasal demons). If there is a \"correct\" behavior according to your mental model of the language, that model is simply wrong; The C++ standard has the only vote, period.Other examples of undefined behavior include accessing an array beyond its bounds, ,  or writing  like i++ + ++i.Section 1.9 of the C++ standard also mentions undefined behavior\\'s two less dangerous brothers,  and :The semantic descriptions in this International Standard define a parameterized nondeterministic abstract machine.Certain aspects and operations of the abstract machine are described in this International Standard as  (for example, sizeof(int)). These constitute the parameters of the abstract machine. Each implementation shall include documentation describing its characteristics and behavior in these respects.Certain other aspects and operations of the abstract machine are described in this International Standard as  (for example, order of evaluation of arguments to a function). Where possible, this International Standard defines a set of allowable behaviors. These define the nondeterministic aspects of the abstract machine.Certain other operations are described in this International Standard as  (for example, the  effect of dereferencing the null pointer). [ :  — ]Specifically, section 1.3.24 states:Permissible undefined behavior ranges from , to behaving during translation or program execution in a documented manner characteristic of the environment (with or without the issuance of a diagnostic message), to terminating a translation or execution (with the issuance of a diagnostic message).What can you do to avoid running into undefined behavior? Basically, you have to read  by authors who know what they\\'re talking about. Screw internet tutorials. Screw bullschildt.',\n",
       "      'Well, this is basically a straight copy-paste from the standard 1  unspecified behavior where\\neach implementation documents how the\\nchoice is made2 EXAMPLE An example of\\nimplementation-defined behavior is the\\npropagation of the high-order bit when\\na signed integer is shifted right. 1  behavior, upon use of a nonportable or erroneous\\nprogram construct or of erroneous\\ndata, for which this International\\nStandard imposes no requirements2\\nNOTE Possible undefined behavior\\nranges from ignoring the situation\\ncompletely with unpredictable results,\\nto behaving during translation or\\nprogram execution in a documented\\nmanner characteristic of the\\nenvironment (with or without the\\nissuance of a diagnostic message), to\\nterminating a translation or execution\\n(with the issuance of a diagnostic\\nmessage).3 EXAMPLE An example of\\nundefined behavior is the behavior on\\ninteger overflow. 1  use of an unspecified value, or other behavior\\nwhere this International Standard\\nprovides two or more possibilities and\\nimposes no further requirements on\\nwhich is chosen in any instance2\\nEXAMPLE An example of unspecified\\nbehavior is the order in which the\\narguments to a function are evaluated.',\n",
       "      'Maybe easy wording could be easier for understanding than the rigorous definition of the standards.\\nThe language says that we have data-types. The compiler vendors specify what sizes shall they use, and provide a documentation of what they did.\\nYou are doing something wrong. For example, you have a very large value in an int that doesn\\'t fit in char. How do you put that value in char? actually there is no way! Anything could happen, but the most sensible thing would be to take the first byte of that int and put it in char. It is just wrong to do that to assign the first byte, but thats what happens under the hood.\\nWhich function of these two is executed first?void fun(int n, int m);\\n\\nint fun1()\\n{\\n  cout << \"fun1\";\\n  return 1;\\n}\\nint fun2()\\n{\\n  cout << \"fun2\";\\n  return 2;\\n}\\n...\\nfun(fun1(), fun2()); // which one is executed first?\\nThe language doesn\\'t specify the evaluation, left to right or right to left! So an unspecified behavior may or mayn\\'t result in an undefined behavior, but certainly your program should not produce an unspecified behavior.@eSKay I think your question is worth editing the answer to clarify more :)for fun(fun1(), fun2()); isn\\'t the\\n  behaviour \"implementation defined\"?\\n  The compiler has to choose one or the\\n  other course, after all?The difference between implementation-defined and unspecified, is that the compiler is supposed to pick a behavior in the first case but it doesn\\'t have to in the second case. For example, an implementation must have one and only one definition of sizeof(int). So, it can\\'t say that sizeof(int) is 4 for some portion of the program and 8 for others. Unlike unspecified behavior, where the compiler can say OK I am gonna evaluate these arguments left-to-right and the next function\\'s arguments are evaluated right-to-left. It can happen in the same program, that\\'s why it is called . In fact, C++ could have been made easier if some of the unspecified behaviors were specified. Take a look here at :It is claimed that the difference\\n  between what can be produced giving\\n  the compiler this freedom and\\n  requiring \"ordinary left-to-right\\n  evaluation\" can be significant. I\\'m\\n  unconvinced, but with innumerable\\n  compilers \"out there\" taking advantage\\n  of the freedom and some people\\n  passionately defending that freedom, a\\n  change would be difficult and could\\n  take decades to penetrate to the\\n  distant corners of the C and C++\\n  worlds. I am disappointed that not all\\n  compilers warn against code such as\\n  ++i+i++. Similarly, the order of evaluation of arguments is\\n  unspecified.IMO far too many \"things\" are left\\n  undefined, unspecified,\\n  implementation-defined, etc. However,\\n  that\\'s easy to say and even to give\\n  examples of, but hard to fix. It\\n  should also be noted that it is not\\n  all that difficult to avoid most of\\n  the problems and produce portable\\n  code.',\n",
       "      'From the official C Rationale DocumentThe terms  behavior,  behavior, and  behavior are used to categorize the result of writing programs whose properties the Standard does not, or cannot, completely describe.  The goal of adopting this categorization is to allow a certain variety among implementations which permits quality of implementation to be an active force in the marketplace as well as to allow certain popular extensions, without removing the cachet of conformance to the Standard.  Appendix F to the Standard catalogs those behaviors which fall into one of these three categories.  gives the implementor some latitude in translating programs.  This latitude does not extend as far as failing to translate the program.  gives the implementor license not to catch certain program errors that are difficult to diagnose.  It also identifies areas of possible conforming language extension: the implementor may augment the language by providing a definition of the officially undefined behavior.  behavior gives an implementor the freedom to choose the appropriate approach, but requires that this choice be explained to the user.  Behaviors designated as implementation-defined are generally those in which a user could make meaningful coding decisions based on the implementation definition.  Implementors should bear in mind this criterion when deciding how extensive an implementation definition ought to be.  As with unspecified behavior, simply failing to translate the source containing the implementation-defined behavior is not an adequate response. ',\n",
       "      \" has a short description of it.Their final summary:To sum up, unspecified behavior is usually something you shouldn't\\n  worry about, unless your software is required to be portable.\\n  Conversely, undefined behavior is always undesirable and should never\\n  occur.\",\n",
       "      'Implementation defined- Implementors wish,should be well documented,standard gives choices but sure to compileUnspecified -Same as implementation-defined but not documentedUndefined-Anything might happen,take care of it.',\n",
       "      \"Historically, both Implementation-Defined Behavior and Undefined Behavior represented situations in which the authors of the Standard expected that people writing quality implementations would use judgment to decide what behavioral guarantees, if any, would be useful for programs in the intended application field running on the intended targets.  The needs of high-end number-crunching code are quite different from those of low-level systems code, and both UB and IDB give compiler writers flexibility to meet those different needs.  Neither category mandates that implementations behave in a way that's useful for any particular purpose, or even for any purpose whatsoever.  Quality implementations that claim to be suitable for a particular purpose, however, should behave in a manner befitting such purpose .The only difference between Implementation-Defined Behavior and Undefined Behavior is that the former requires that implementations define and document a consistent behavior .  The dividing line between them is not whether it would generally be useful for implementations to define behaviors (compiler writers should define useful behaviors when practical whether the Standard requires them to or not) but .  A judgment that such implementations might exist does not in any way, shape, or form, imply any judgment about the usefulness of supporting a defined behavior on other platforms.Unfortunately, since the mid 1990s compiler writers have started to interpret the lack of behavioral mandates as an judgment that behavioral guarantees aren't worth the cost even in application fields where they're vital, and even on systems where they cost practically nothing.  Instead of treating UB as an invitation to exercise reasonable judgment, compiler writers have started treating it as an excuse  to do so.For example, given the following code:int scaled_velocity(int v, unsigned char pow)\\n{\\n  if (v > 250)\\n    v = 250;\\n  if (v < -250)\\n    v = -250;\\n  return v << pow;\\n}\\na two's-complement implementation would not have to expend any effort\\nwhatsoever to treat the expression v << pow as a two's-complement shift\\nwithout regard for whether v was positive or negative.The preferred philosophy among some of today's compiler writers, however, would suggest that because v can only be negative if the program is going to engage in Undefined Behavior, there's no reason to have the program clip the negative range of v.  Even though left-shifting of negative values used to be supported on every single compiler of significance, and a large amount of existing code relies upon that behavior, modern philosophy would interpret the fact that the Standard says that left-shifting negative values is UB as implying that compiler writers should feel free to ignore that.\",\n",
       "      \"C++ standard n3337   1.3.10\\nbehavior, for a well-formed program construct and correct data, that\\n  depends on the implementation and that each implementation documentsSometimes C++ Standard doesn't impose particular behavior on some constructs but says instead that a particular, well defined behavior has to be chosen and  by particular implementation (version of library). So user can still know exactly how will program behave even though Standard doesn't describe this. C++ standard n3337   1.3.24\\nbehavior for which this International Standard imposes no requirements\\n  [ Note: Undefined behavior may be expected when this International\\n  Standard omits any explicit definition of behavior or when a program\\n  uses an erroneous construct or erroneous data. Permissible undefined\\n  behavior ranges from ignoring the situation completely with\\n  unpredictable results, to behaving during translation or program\\n  execution in a documented manner characteristic of the environment\\n  (with or without the issuance of a diagnostic message), to terminating\\n  a translation or execution (with the issuance of a diagnostic\\n  message). Many erroneous program constructs do not engender undefined\\n  behavior; they are required to be diagnosed. — end note ]When the program encounters construct that is not defined according to C++ Standard it is allowed to do whatever it wants to do ( maybe send an email to me or maybe send an email to you or maybe ignore the code completely). C++ standard n3337   1.3.25\\nbehavior, for a well-formed program construct and correct data, that\\n  depends on the implementation [ Note: The implementation is not\\n  required to document which behavior occurs. The range of possible\\n  behaviors is usually delineated by this International Standard. — end\\n  note ]C++ Standard doesn't impose particular behavior on some constructs but says instead that a particular, well defined behavior has to be chosen ( ) by particular implementation (version of library). So in the case when no description has been provided it can be difficult to the user to know exactly how will program behave.\"],\n",
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       "   {'_index': 'test-database1',\n",
       "    '_type': '_doc',\n",
       "    '_id': 'Ii5K63YBXX3FrV-lhlF7',\n",
       "    '_score': 1.0,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How do I create variable variables?',\n",
       "     'details': 'How do I accomplish variable variables in Python? Here is an elaborative manual entry, for instance: I have heard this is a bad idea in general though, and it is a security hole in Python. Is that true?',\n",
       "     'answers': ['How do I accomplish variable variables in Python? Here is an elaborative manual entry, for instance: I have heard this is a bad idea in general though, and it is a security hole in Python. Is that true?',\n",
       "      'You can use  to accomplish this. Dictionaries are stores of keys and values. >>> dct = {\\'x\\': 1, \\'y\\': 2, \\'z\\': 3}\\n>>> dct\\n{\\'y\\': 2, \\'x\\': 1, \\'z\\': 3}\\n>>> dct[\"y\"]\\n2\\nYou can use variable key names to achieve the effect of variable variables without the security risk.>>> x = \"spam\"\\n>>> z = {x: \"eggs\"}\\n>>> z[\"spam\"]\\n\\'eggs\\'\\nFor cases where you\\'re thinking of doing something likevar1 = \\'foo\\'\\nvar2 = \\'bar\\'\\nvar3 = \\'baz\\'\\n...\\na list may be more appropriate than a dict. A list represents an ordered sequence of objects, with integer indices:lst = [\\'foo\\', \\'bar\\', \\'baz\\']\\nprint(lst[1])           # prints bar, because indices start at 0\\nlst.append(\\'potatoes\\')  # lst is now [\\'foo\\', \\'bar\\', \\'baz\\', \\'potatoes\\']\\nFor ordered sequences, lists are more convenient than dicts with integer keys, because lists support iteration in index order, , append, and other operations that would require awkward key management with a dict.',\n",
       "      \"Use the built-in getattr function to get an attribute on an object by name.  Modify the name as needed.obj.spam = 'eggs'\\nname = 'spam'\\ngetattr(obj, name)  # returns 'eggs'\\n\",\n",
       "      \"It's not a good idea. If you are accessing a global variable you can use globals().>>> a = 10\\n>>> globals()['a']\\n10\\nIf you want to access a variable in the local scope you can use locals(), but you cannot assign values to the returned dict. is to use getattr or store your variables in a dictionary and then access them by name.\",\n",
       "      'New coders sometimes write code like this:my_calculator.button_0 = tkinter.Button(root, text=0)\\nmy_calculator.button_1 = tkinter.Button(root, text=1)\\nmy_calculator.button_2 = tkinter.Button(root, text=2)\\n...\\nThe coder is then left with a pile of named variables, with a coding effort of O( * ), where  is the number of named variables and  is the number of times that group of variables needs to be accessed (including creation). The more astute beginner observes that the only difference in each of those lines is a number that changes based on a rule, and decides to use a loop. However, they get stuck on how to dynamically create those variable names, and may try something like this:for i in range(10):\\n    my_calculator.(\\'button_%d\\' % i) = tkinter.Button(root, text=i)\\nThey soon find that this does not work.If the program requires arbitrary variable \"names,\" a dictionary is the best choice, as explained in other answers. However, if you\\'re simply trying to create many variables and you don\\'t mind referring to them with a sequence of integers, you\\'re probably looking for a list. This is particularly true if your data are homogeneous, such as daily temperature readings, weekly quiz scores, or a grid of graphical widgets.This can be assembled as follows:my_calculator.buttons = []\\nfor i in range(10):\\n    my_calculator.buttons.append(tkinter.Button(root, text=i))\\nThis list can also be created in one line with a comprehension:my_calculator.buttons = [tkinter.Button(root, text=i) for i in range(10)]\\nThe result in either case is a populated list, with the first element accessed with my_calculator.buttons[0], the next with my_calculator.buttons[1], and so on. The \"base\" variable name becomes the name of the list and the varying identifier is used to access it.Finally, don\\'t forget other data structures, such as the set - this is similar to a dictionary, except that each \"name\" doesn\\'t have a value attached to it. If you simply need a \"bag\" of objects, this can be a great choice. Instead of something like this:keyword_1 = \\'apple\\'\\nkeyword_2 = \\'banana\\'\\n\\nif query == keyword_1 or query == keyword_2:\\n    print(\\'Match.\\')\\nYou will have this:keywords = {\\'apple\\', \\'banana\\'}\\nif query in keywords:\\n    print(\\'Match.\\')\\nUse a list for a sequence of similar objects, a set for an arbitrarily-ordered bag of objects, or a dict for a bag of names with associated values.',\n",
       "      'Whenever you want to use variable variables, it\\'s probably better to use a dictionary. So instead of writing$foo = \"bar\"\\n$$foo = \"baz\"\\nyou write mydict = {}\\nfoo = \"bar\"\\nmydict[foo] = \"baz\"\\nThis way you won\\'t accidentally overwrite previously existing variables (which is the security aspect) and you can have different \"namespaces\".',\n",
       "      'Instead of a dictionary you can also use namedtuple from the collections module, which makes access easier.For example:# using dictionary\\nvariables = {}\\nvariables[\"first\"] = 34\\nvariables[\"second\"] = 45\\nprint(variables[\"first\"], variables[\"second\"])\\n\\n# using namedtuple\\nVariables = namedtuple(\\'Variables\\', [\\'first\\', \\'second\\'])\\nvars = Variables(34, 45)\\nprint(vars.first, vars.second)\\n',\n",
       "      'If you don\\'t want to use any object, you can still use setattr() inside your current module:import sys\\ncurrent_module = module = sys.modules[__name__]  # i.e the \"file\" where your code is written\\nsetattr(current_module, \\'variable_name\\', 15)  # 15 is the value you assign to the var\\nprint(variable_name)  # >>> 15, created from a string\\n',\n",
       "      \"Use globals()You can actually assign variables to global scope dynamically, for instance, if you want 10 variables that can be accessed on a global scope i_1, i_2 ... i_10:for i in range(10):\\n    globals()['i_{}'.format(i)] = 'a'\\nThis will assign 'a' to all of these 10 variables, of course you can change the value dynamically as well. All of these variables can be accessed now like other globally declared variable:>>> i_5\\n'a'\\n\",\n",
       "      'The SimpleNamespace class could be used to create new attributes with setattr, or subclass SimpleNamespace and create your own function to add new attribute names (variables). from types import SimpleNamespace\\n\\nvariables = {\"b\":\"B\",\"c\":\"C\"}\\na = SimpleNamespace(**variables)\\nsetattr(a,\"g\",\"G\")\\na.g = \"G+\"\\nsomething = a.a\\n',\n",
       "      'I\\'m am answering the question: \\nwhich is closed as a duplicate with a link to this question. If the variables in question are part of an object (part of a class for example) then some useful functions to achieve exactly that are hasattr, getattr, and setattr. So for example you can have:class Variables(object):\\n    def __init__(self):\\n        self.foo = \"initial_variable\"\\n    def create_new_var(self,name,value):\\n        setattr(self,name,value)\\n    def get_var(self,name):\\n        if hasattr(self,name):\\n            return getattr(self,name)\\n        else:\\n            raise(\"Class does not have a variable named: \"+name)\\nThen you can do:v = Variables()\\nv.get_var(\"foo\")\\n\"initial_variable\"v.create_new_var(v.foo,\"is actually not initial\")\\nv.initial_variable\\n\"is actually not initial\"',\n",
       "      'I have tried both in python 3.7.3, you can use either globals() or vars()>>> food #Error\\n>>> milkshake #Error\\n>>> food=\"bread\"\\n>>> drink=\"milkshake\"\\n>>> globals()[food] = \"strawberry flavor\"\\n>>> vars()[drink] = \"chocolate flavor\"\\n>>> bread\\n\\'strawberry flavor\\'\\n>>> milkshake\\n\\'chocolate flavor\\'\\n>>> globals()[drink]\\n\\'chocolate flavor\\'\\n>>> vars()[food]\\n\\'strawberry flavor\\'\\nReference:\\n',\n",
       "      \"You have to use globals()  to achieve that behaviour:def var_of_var(k, v):\\n    globals()[k] = v\\n\\nprint variable_name # NameError: name 'variable_name' is not defined\\nsome_name = 'variable_name'\\nglobals()[some_name] = 123\\nprint(variable_name) # 123\\n\\nsome_name = 'variable_name2'\\nvar_of_var(some_name, 456)\\nprint(variable_name2) # 456\\n\",\n",
       "      'The consensus is to use a dictionary for this - see the other answers. This is a good idea for most cases, however, there are many aspects arising from this:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nThat said, I\\'ve implemented a -class which provides some of the above ideas. It works for python 2 and 3.You\\'d use  like this:from variableVariablesManager import VariableVariablesManager\\n\\nmyVars = VariableVariablesManager()\\nmyVars[\\'test\\'] = 25\\nprint(myVars[\\'test\\'])\\n\\n# define a const variable\\nmyVars.defineConstVariable(\\'myconst\\', 13)\\ntry:\\n    myVars[\\'myconst\\'] = 14 # <- this raises an error, since \\'myconst\\' must not be changed\\n    print(\"not allowed\")\\nexcept AttributeError as e:\\n    pass\\n\\n# rename a variable\\nmyVars.renameVariable(\\'myconst\\', \\'myconstOther\\')\\n\\n# preserve locality\\ndef testLocalVar():\\n    myVars = VariableVariablesManager()\\n    myVars[\\'test\\'] = 13\\n    print(\"inside function myVars[\\'test\\']:\", myVars[\\'test\\'])\\ntestLocalVar()\\nprint(\"outside function myVars[\\'test\\']:\", myVars[\\'test\\'])\\n\\n# define a global variable\\nmyVars.defineGlobalVariable(\\'globalVar\\', 12)\\ndef testGlobalVar():\\n    myVars = VariableVariablesManager()\\n    print(\"inside function myVars[\\'globalVar\\']:\", myVars[\\'globalVar\\'])\\n    myVars[\\'globalVar\\'] = 13\\n    print(\"inside function myVars[\\'globalVar\\'] (having been changed):\", myVars[\\'globalVar\\'])\\ntestGlobalVar()\\nprint(\"outside function myVars[\\'globalVar\\']:\", myVars[\\'globalVar\\'])\\nIf you wish to allow overwriting of variables with the same type only:myVars = VariableVariablesManager(enforceSameTypeOnOverride = True)\\nmyVars[\\'test\\'] = 25\\nmyVars[\\'test\\'] = \"Cat\" # <- raises Exception (different type on overwriting)\\n',\n",
       "      'Any set of variables can also be wrapped up in a class. \\n\"Variable\" variables may be added to the class instance during runtime by directly accessing the built-in dictionary through __dict__ attribute. The following code defines Variables class, which adds variables (in this case attributes) to its instance during the construction. Variable names are taken from a specified list (which, for example, could have been generated by program code):# some list of variable names\\nL = [\\'a\\', \\'b\\', \\'c\\']\\n\\nclass Variables:\\n    def __init__(self, L):\\n        for item in L:\\n            self.__dict__[item] = 100\\n\\nv = Variables(L)\\nprint(v.a, v.b, v.c)\\n#will produce 100 100 100\\n'],\n",
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       "   {'_index': 'test-database1',\n",
       "    '_type': '_doc',\n",
       "    '_id': 'Ki5K63YBXX3FrV-llFFL',\n",
       "    '_score': 1.0,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How does the SQL injection from the “Bobby Tables” XKCD comic work?',\n",
       "     'details': \"Just looking at:\\nWhat does this SQL do:Robert'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --\\nI know both ' and -- are for comments, but doesn't the word DROP get commented as well since it is part of the same line?\",\n",
       "     'answers': [\"Just looking at:\\nWhat does this SQL do:Robert'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --\\nI know both ' and -- are for comments, but doesn't the word DROP get commented as well since it is part of the same line?\",\n",
       "      'The original code in the school\\'s program probably looks something likeq = \"INSERT INTO Students VALUES (\\'\" + FNMName.Text + \"\\', \\'\" + LName.Text + \"\\')\";\\nThis is the naive way to add text input into a query, and is , as you will see.After the values from the first name, middle name textbox  (which is Robert\\'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --) and the last name textbox  (let\\'s call it Derper) are concatenated with the rest of the query, the result is now actually  separated by the  (semicolon).  The second query has been  into the first.  When the code executes this query against the database, it will look like thisINSERT INTO Students VALUES (\\'Robert\\'); DROP TABLE Students; --\\', \\'Derper\\')\\nwhich, in plain English, roughly translates to the two queries:Add a new record to the Students table with a Name value of \\'Robert\\'andDelete the Students tableEverything past the second query is :  --\\', \\'Derper\\')The \\' in the student\\'s name is not a comment, it\\'s the closing .  Since the student\\'s name is a string, it\\'s needed syntactically to complete the hypothetical query.  Injection attacks only work .',\n",
       "      \"Let's say the name was used in a variable, $Name.   You then run this :INSERT INTO Students VALUES ( '$Name' )\\nThe code is mistakenly placing anything the user supplied as the variable.You wanted the  to be:INSERT INTO Students VALUES ( '` )But a clever user can supply whatever they want:INSERT INTO Students VALUES ( '' ) What you get is:INSERT INTO Students VALUES ( 'Robert' );  DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --' )\\nThe -- only comments the remainder of the line.\",\n",
       "      'As everyone else has pointed out already, the \\'); closes the original statement and then a second statement follows. Most frameworks, including languages like PHP, have default security settings by now that don\\'t allow multiple statements in one SQL string. In PHP, for example, you can only run multiple statements in one SQL string by using the mysqli_multi_query function.You can, however, manipulate an existing SQL statement via SQL injection without having to add a second statement. Let\\'s say you have a login system which checks a username and a password with this simple select:$query=\"SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=\\'\" . $_REQUEST[\\'user\\'] . \"\\' and (password=\\'\".$_REQUEST[\\'pass\\'].\"\\')\";\\n$result=mysql_query($query);\\nIf you provide peter as the username and secret as the password, the resulting SQL string would look like this:SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=\\'peter\\' and (password=\\'secret\\')\\nEverything\\'s fine. Now imagine you provide this string as the password:\\' OR \\'1\\'=\\'1\\nThen the resulting SQL string would be this:SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=\\'peter\\' and (password=\\'\\' OR \\'1\\'=\\'1\\')\\nThat would enable you to log in to any account without knowing the password. So you don\\'t need to be able to use two statements in order to use SQL injection, although you can do more destructive things if you are able to supply multiple statements.',\n",
       "      \"No, ' isn't a comment in SQL, but a delimiter.Mom supposed the database programmer made a request looking like:INSERT INTO 'students' ('first_name', 'last_name') VALUES ('$firstName', '$lastName');\\n(for example) to add the new student, where the $xxx variable contents was taken directly out of an HTML form, without checking format nor escaping special characters.So if $firstName contains Robert'); DROP TABLE students; -- the database program will execute the following request directly on the DB: INSERT INTO 'students' ('first_name', 'last_name') VALUES ('Robert'); DROP TABLE students; --', 'XKCD');\\nie. it will terminate early the insert statement, execute whatever malicious code the cracker wants, then comment out whatever remainder of code there might be.Mmm, I am too slow, I see already 8 answers before mine in the orange band... :-) A popular topic, it seems.\",\n",
       "      \"()To make it clear what's happening, let's try this with a simple table containing only the name field and add a single row:Let's assume the application uses the following SQL to insert data into the table:Replace foobar with the actual name of the student. A normal insert operation would look like this:When we query the table, we get this:What happens when we insert Little Bobby Tables's name into the table?The SQL injection here is the result of the name of the student terminating the statement and including a separate DROP TABLE command; the two dashes at the end of the input are intended to comment out any leftover code that would otherwise cause an error. The last line of the output confirms that the database server has dropped the table.It's important to notice that during the INSERT operation the application isn't checking the input for any special characters, and is therefore allowing arbitrary input to be entered into the SQL command. This means that a malicious user can insert, into a field normally intended for user input, special symbols such as quotes along with arbitrary SQL code to cause the database system to execute it, hence .The result?SQL injection is the database equivalent of a remote  vulnerability in an operating system or application.  The potential impact of a successful SQL injection attack cannot be underestimated--depending on the database system and application configuration, it can be used by an attacker to cause data loss (as in this case), gain unauthorized access to data, or even execute arbitrary code on the host machine itself.As noted by the XKCD comic, one way of protecting against SQL injection attacks is to sanitize database inputs, such as by escaping special characters, so that they cannot modify the underlying SQL command and therefore cannot cause execution of arbitrary SQL code.  If you use parameterized queries, such as by using SqlParameter in ADO.NET, the input will, at minimum, be automatically sanitized to guard against SQL injection.However, sanitizing inputs at the application level may not stop more advanced SQL injection techniques. For example, mysql_real_escape_string. For added protection, many database systems support . If properly implemented in the backend, prepared statements can make SQL injection impossible by treating data inputs as semantically separate from the rest of the command.\",\n",
       "      'Say you naively wrote a student creation method like this:void createStudent(String name) {\\n    database.execute(\"INSERT INTO students (name) VALUES (\\'\" + name + \"\\')\");\\n}\\nAnd someone enters the name Robert\\'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --What gets run on the database is this query:INSERT INTO students (name) VALUES (\\'Robert\\'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS --\\')\\nThe semicolon ends the insert command and starts another; the -- comments out the rest of the line. The DROP TABLE command is executed...This is why bind parameters are a good thing.',\n",
       "      \"A single quote is the start and end of a string. A semicolon is the end of a statement. So if they were doing a select like this:Select *\\nFrom Students\\nWhere (Name = '<NameGetsInsertedHere>')\\nThe SQL would become:Select *\\nFrom Students\\nWhere (Name = 'Robert'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --')\\n--             ^-------------------------------^\\nOn some systems, the select would get ran first followed by the drop statement! The message is: DONT EMBED VALUES INTO YOUR SQL. Instead use parameters!\",\n",
       "      \"The '); ends the query, it doesn't start a comment. Then it drops the students table and comments the rest of the query that was supposed to be executed.\",\n",
       "      'The writer of the database probably did a sql = \"SELECT * FROM STUDENTS WHERE (STUDENT_NAME = \\'\" + student_name + \"\\') AND other stuff\";\\nexecute(sql);\\nIf student_name is the one given, that does the selection with the name \"Robert\" and then drops the table.  The \"-- \" part changes the rest of the given query into a comment.',\n",
       "      'In this case, \\' is not a comment character.  It\\'s used to delimit string literals.  The comic artist is banking on the idea that the school in question has dynamic sql somewhere that looks something like this:$sql = \"INSERT INTO `Students` (FirstName, LastName) VALUES (\\'\" . $fname . \"\\', \\'\" . $lname . \"\\')\";\\nSo now the \\' character ends the string literal before the programmer was expecting it.  Combined with the ; character to end the statement, an attacker can now add whatever sql they want.  The -- comment at the end is to make sure any remaining sql in the original statement does not prevent the query from compiling on the server.FWIW, I also think the comic in question has an important detail wrong: if you\\'re thinking about  your database inputs, as the comic suggests, you\\'re still doing it wrong. Instead, you should think in terms of  your database inputs, and the correct way to do this is via parameterized queries.',\n",
       "      \"The ' character in SQL is used  for string constants. In this case it is used for ending the string constant and not for comment.\",\n",
       "      'This is how it works:\\nLets suppose the administrator is looking for records of student  Robert\\'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --\\nSince the admin account has high privileges deleting the table from this account is possible.The code to retrieve user name from request isNow the query would be something like this (to search the student table)String query=\"Select * from student where username=\\'\"+student_name+\"\\'\";\\n\\nstatement.executeQuery(query); //Rest of the code follows\\nThe resultant query becomesSelect * from student where username=\\'Robert\\'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --\\nSince the user input is not sanitized, The above query has is manipulated into 2 partsSelect * from student where username=\\'Robert\\'); \\n\\nDROP TABLE STUDENTS; --\\nThe double dash (--) will just comment out remaining part of the query. This is dangerous as it can nullify password authentication, if presentThe first one will do the normal search. The second one will drop the table student if the account has sufficient privileges (Generally the school admin account will run such query and will have the privileges talked about above).',\n",
       "      'No one pointed this out before so through I might alert some of you. Mostly we will try to patch forms input. But this is not the only place where you can get attacked with SQL injection. You can do very simple attack with URL which send data through GET request;\\nConsider the fallowing example:<a href=\"/show?id=1\">show something</a>\\nYour url would look \\nNow someone could try something like this http://yoursite.com/show?id=1;TRUNCATE table_name\\nTry to replace table_name with the real table name. If he get your table name right they would empty your table! Your query would look something like this...\"SELECT * FROM page WHERE id = 4;TRUNCATE page\"\\n<?php\\n...\\n$id = $_GET[\\'id\\'];\\n\\n$pdo = new PDO($database_dsn, $database_user, $database_pass);\\n$query = \"SELECT * FROM page WHERE id = {$id}\";\\n$stmt = $pdo->query($query);\\n$data = $stmt->fetch(); \\n/************* You have lost your data!!! :( *************/\\n...\\n<?php\\n...\\n$id = $_GET[\\'id\\'];\\n\\n$query = \\'SELECT * FROM page WHERE id = :idVal\\';\\n$stmt = $pdo->prepare($query);\\n$stmt->bindParam(\\'idVal\\', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT);\\n$stmt->execute();\\n$data = $stmt->fetch();\\n/************* Your data is safe! :) *************/\\n...\\n'],\n",
       "     'total_vectors': [0.04712348058819771,\n",
       "      0.052086833864450455,\n",
       "      0.009923453442752361,\n",
       "      -0.01599697768688202,\n",
       "      -0.01308110449463129,\n",
       "      -0.014213396236300468,\n",
       "      -0.02074972353875637,\n",
       "      0.005531491711735725,\n",
       "      0.006973665207624435,\n",
       "      0.01751687563955784,\n",
       "      0.055972885340452194,\n",
       "      -0.045323748141527176,\n",
       "      -0.0496981218457222,\n",
       "      -0.016615761443972588,\n",
       "      -0.028961146250367165,\n",
       "      0.05026386305689812,\n",
       "      0.011281857267022133,\n",
       "      0.03527826443314552,\n",
       "      -0.00464391615241766,\n",
       "      -0.03213513270020485,\n",
       "      0.048629820346832275,\n",
       "      0.046903252601623535,\n",
       "      -0.056032173335552216,\n",
       "      0.03619672358036041,\n",
       "      0.04491038620471954,\n",
       "      0.020573776215314865,\n",
       "      -0.05897245556116104,\n",
       "      -0.014012361876666546,\n",
       "      -0.015074259601533413,\n",
       "      -0.01698317751288414,\n",
       "      0.019461272284388542,\n",
       "      0.07285051792860031,\n",
       "      0.06404569745063782,\n",
       "      -0.059312015771865845,\n",
       "      0.04594612121582031,\n",
       "      -0.03242389112710953,\n",
       "      -0.03146478533744812,\n",
       "      0.030927905812859535,\n",
       "      -0.0025827279314398766,\n",
       "      0.05847192928195,\n",
       "      0.06418370455503464,\n",
       "      -0.009975128807127476,\n",
       "      0.0395921915769577,\n",
       "      -0.05402841418981552,\n",
       "      0.06836769729852676,\n",
       "      -0.03714548423886299,\n",
       "      0.019633308053016663,\n",
       "      -0.04800597205758095,\n",
       "      0.06624570488929749,\n",
       "      0.005650671664625406,\n",
       "      0.037949126213788986,\n",
       "      0.06792572140693665,\n",
       "      -0.021388059481978416,\n",
       "      2.576352471805876e-06,\n",
       "      -0.04545897990465164,\n",
       "      0.06911692023277283,\n",
       "      -0.0024948539212346077,\n",
       "      -0.044602055102586746,\n",
       "      -0.031497977674007416,\n",
       "      -0.024044219404459,\n",
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       "      -0.019635798409581184,\n",
       "      -0.0450238399207592,\n",
       "      0.023832332342863083,\n",
       "      -0.03676849603652954,\n",
       "      -0.03284822031855583,\n",
       "      -0.02328038029372692,\n",
       "      0.006157668773084879,\n",
       "      0.015865284949541092,\n",
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       "      0.01066721510142088,\n",
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       "      -0.007181266322731972,\n",
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       "      -0.06073018163442612,\n",
       "      -0.00708760553970933,\n",
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       "      -0.021015344187617302,\n",
       "      0.0014740383485332131,\n",
       "      -0.07233381271362305,\n",
       "      -0.07413088530302048,\n",
       "      -0.05217471718788147,\n",
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       "      -0.003987061325460672,\n",
       "      -0.061241552233695984,\n",
       "      -0.04583592712879181,\n",
       "      0.05128205567598343,\n",
       "      0.02887555956840515,\n",
       "      -0.05673360079526901,\n",
       "      -0.03071104921400547,\n",
       "      0.07589547336101532,\n",
       "      0.05241863429546356,\n",
       "      0.06057910993695259,\n",
       "      -0.006151098757982254,\n",
       "      -0.07429876178503036,\n",
       "      0.06412699818611145,\n",
       "      0.053852714598178864,\n",
       "      0.02996843308210373,\n",
       "      -0.07626336067914963,\n",
       "      0.07438486814498901,\n",
       "      0.041512832045555115,\n",
       "      0.0700458362698555,\n",
       "      -0.05133599415421486,\n",
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       "      -0.062336139380931854,\n",
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       "      -0.026738330721855164,\n",
       "      -0.022737743332982063,\n",
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       "      -0.005396077409386635,\n",
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       "      -0.06979776173830032,\n",
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       "      -0.007452995050698519,\n",
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       "      0.020138554275035858,\n",
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       "      -0.07339568436145782,\n",
       "      -0.037133701145648956,\n",
       "      -0.040153868496418,\n",
       "      -0.009369011037051678,\n",
       "      -0.025777725502848625,\n",
       "      -0.056879397481679916,\n",
       "      0.05712549015879631,\n",
       "      0.03185391053557396,\n",
       "      0.03020062856376171,\n",
       "      0.005487657152116299,\n",
       "      -0.062021881341934204,\n",
       "      0.031124522909522057,\n",
       "      0.06594441831111908,\n",
       "      -0.05882694944739342,\n",
       "      -0.07473059743642807,\n",
       "      0.04480995237827301,\n",
       "      0.016833167523145676,\n",
       "      0.015208188444375992,\n",
       "      0.03213077411055565,\n",
       "      0.013145466335117817,\n",
       "      -0.0734303891658783,\n",
       "      -0.006104584317654371,\n",
       "      0.04634983837604523,\n",
       "      -0.04241874814033508,\n",
       "      0.047495026141405106,\n",
       "      0.0525788776576519,\n",
       "      0.040862198919057846,\n",
       "      0.03412623330950737,\n",
       "      -0.011329343542456627,\n",
       "      -0.06213453784584999,\n",
       "      -0.039108555763959885,\n",
       "      -0.02060779184103012,\n",
       "      0.06148702651262283,\n",
       "      -0.05528188869357109,\n",
       "      0.039037298411130905,\n",
       "      -0.0709538385272026,\n",
       "      0.047327861189842224,\n",
       "      0.06130126118659973,\n",
       "      -0.050478819757699966,\n",
       "      0.03142966702580452,\n",
       "      -0.0726100280880928,\n",
       "      0.012871473096311092,\n",
       "      -0.06653004139661789,\n",
       "      -0.023782769218087196,\n",
       "      -0.017208699136972427,\n",
       "      0.027366362512111664,\n",
       "      -0.019332464784383774,\n",
       "      -0.056433163583278656,\n",
       "      -0.04183100908994675,\n",
       "      -0.04982241988182068,\n",
       "      0.02820180356502533,\n",
       "      0.06019124761223793,\n",
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       "      -0.06102616712450981,\n",
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       "      -0.004867560230195522,\n",
       "      0.005989575292915106,\n",
       "      0.05906010419130325,\n",
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       "      -0.009271037764847279,\n",
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       "      -0.036958541721105576,\n",
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       "      -0.006612011231482029,\n",
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       "      0.027805600315332413]}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'test-database1',\n",
       "    '_type': '_doc',\n",
       "    '_id': 'Ky5K63YBXX3FrV-llVH2',\n",
       "    '_score': 1.0,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to parse JSON in Java',\n",
       "     'details': 'I have the following JSON text. How can I parse it to get the values of pageName, pagePic, post_id, etc.?    {\\n       \"pageInfo\": {\\n             \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n             \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n        },\\n        \"posts\": [\\n             {\\n                  \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n                  \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n                  \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n                  \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n                  \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n                  \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n                  \"comments\": [],\\n                  \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n             }\\n        ]\\n    }\\n',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I have the following JSON text. How can I parse it to get the values of pageName, pagePic, post_id, etc.?    {\\n       \"pageInfo\": {\\n             \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n             \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n        },\\n        \"posts\": [\\n             {\\n                  \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n                  \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n                  \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n                  \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n                  \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n                  \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n                  \"comments\": [],\\n                  \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n             }\\n        ]\\n    }\\n',\n",
       "      'The  library is easy to use.Just remember (while casting or using methods like getJSONObject and getJSONArray) that in JSON notation\\n[ … ]JSONArray\\n{ … }JSONObject\\nExample code below:import org.json.*;\\n\\nString jsonString = ... ; //assign your JSON String here\\nJSONObject obj = new JSONObject(jsonString);\\nString pageName = obj.getJSONObject(\"pageInfo\").getString(\"pageName\");\\n\\nJSONArray arr = obj.getJSONArray(\"posts\"); // notice that `\"posts\": [...]`\\nfor (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++)\\n{\\n    String post_id = arr.getJSONObject(i).getString(\"post_id\");\\n    ......\\n}\\nYou may find more examples from: Downloadable jar:  ',\n",
       "      'For the sake of the example lets assume you have a class Person with just a name.private class Person {\\n    public String name;\\n\\n    public Person(String name) {\\n        this.name = name;\\n    }\\n}\\nMy personal favourite as to the great JSON serialisation / de-serialisation of objects.Gson g = new Gson();\\n\\nPerson person = g.fromJson(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\", Person.class);\\nSystem.out.println(person.name); //John\\n\\nSystem.out.println(g.toJson(person)); // {\"name\":\"John\"}\\nIf you want to get a single attribute out you can do it easily with the Google library as well:JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonParser().parse(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\").getAsJsonObject();\\n\\nSystem.out.println(jsonObject.get(\"name\").getAsString()); //John\\nIf you don\\'t need object de-serialisation but to simply get an attribute, you can try org.json ()JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\");\\n\\nSystem.out.println(obj.getString(\"name\")); //John\\nObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();\\nPerson user = mapper.readValue(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\", Person.class);\\n\\nSystem.out.println(user.name); //John\\n',\n",
       "      'If one wants to create Java object from JSON and vice versa, use GSON or JACKSON third party jars etc.//from object to JSON \\nGson gson = new Gson();\\ngson.toJson(yourObject);\\n\\n// from JSON to object \\nyourObject o = gson.fromJson(JSONString,yourObject.class);\\nBut if one just want to parse a JSON string and get some values, (OR create a JSON string from scratch to send over wire) just use JaveEE jar which contains JsonReader, JsonArray, JsonObject etc. You may want to download the implementation of that spec like javax.json. With these two jars I am able to parse the json and use the values.  These APIs actually follow the DOM/SAX parsing model of XML.       Response response = request.get(); // REST call \\n    JsonReader jsonReader = Json.createReader(new StringReader(response.readEntity(String.class)));\\n    JsonArray jsonArray = jsonReader.readArray();\\n    ListIterator l = jsonArray.listIterator();\\n    while ( l.hasNext() ) {\\n          JsonObject j = (JsonObject)l.next();\\n          JsonObject ciAttr = j.getJsonObject(\"ciAttributes\");\\n',\n",
       "      ' is very straightforward, flexible, very fast and customizable. Try itFeatures:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nIt can be used like this:JsonParserFactory factory=JsonParserFactory.getInstance();\\nJSONParser parser=factory.newJsonParser();\\nMap jsonMap=parser.parseJson(jsonString);\\n',\n",
       "      'You could use .Using this library you only need to create a model with the same JSON structure. Then the model is automatically filled in. You have to call your variables as your JSON keys, or use @SerializedName if you want to use different names.From your example:{\\n    \"pageInfo\": {\\n        \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n        \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n    \"posts\": [\\n        {\\n            \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n            \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n            \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n            \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n            \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n            \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n            \"comments\": [],\\n            \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n        }\\n    ]\\n}\\nclass MyModel {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private ArrayList<Post> posts = new ArrayList<>();\\n}\\n\\nclass PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n}\\n\\nclass Post {\\n\\n    private String post_id;\\n\\n    @SerializedName(\"actor_id\") // <- example SerializedName\\n    private String actorId;\\n\\n    private String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String message;\\n    private String likesCount;\\n    private ArrayList<String> comments;\\n    private String timeOfPost;\\n}\\nNow you can parse using Gson library:MyModel model = gson.fromJson(jsonString, MyModel.class);\\nRemember to import the library in the app Gradle fileimplementation \\'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6\\' // or earlier versions\\nYou can generate model from JSON automatically using online tools like .',\n",
       "      'Almost all the answers given requires a full deserialization of the JSON into a Java object before accessing the value in the property of interest. Another alternative, which does not go this route is to use  which is like XPath for JSON and allows traversing of JSON objects.It is a specification and the good folks at JayWay have created a Java implementation for the specification which you can find here: So basically to use it, add it to your project, eg:<dependency>\\n    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n    <version>${version}</version>\\n</dependency>\\nand to use:String pageName = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pageInfo.pageName\");\\nString pagePic = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pageInfo.pagePic\");\\nString post_id = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pagePosts[0].post_id\");\\netc...Check the JsonPath specification page for more information on the other ways to transverse JSON.',\n",
       "      'You can use  libraries, for binding JSON String into  () instances. POJO is simply a class with only private fields and public getter/setter methods. Jackson is going to traverse the methods (using ), and maps the JSON object into the POJO instance as the field names of the class fits to the field names of the JSON object.In your JSON object, which is actually a  object, the main object consists o two sub-objects. So, our POJO classes should have the same hierarchy. I\\'ll call the whole JSON Object as  object.  object consist of a  object, and a  object array.So we have to create three different POJO classes;\\n\\n\\n\\nThe only package I\\'ve used is Jackson ObjectMapper, what we do is binding data;com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper\\nThe required dependencies, the jar files is listed below;\\n\\n\\n\\nHere is the required code;package com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class Page {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private Post[] posts;\\n\\n    public PageInfo getPageInfo() {\\n        return pageInfo;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPageInfo(PageInfo pageInfo) {\\n        this.pageInfo = pageInfo;\\n    }\\n\\n    public Post[] getPosts() {\\n        return posts;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPosts(Post[] posts) {\\n        this.posts = posts;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n\\n    public String getPageName() {\\n        return pageName;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPageName(String pageName) {\\n        this.pageName = pageName;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getPagePic() {\\n        return pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPagePic(String pagePic) {\\n        this.pagePic = pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class Post {\\n\\n    private String post_id;\\n    private String actor_id;\\n    private String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String message;\\n    private int likesCount;\\n    private String[] comments;\\n    private int timeOfPost;\\n\\n    public String getPost_id() {\\n        return post_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPost_id(String post_id) {\\n        this.post_id = post_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getActor_id() {\\n        return actor_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setActor_id(String actor_id) {\\n        this.actor_id = actor_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getPicOfPersonWhoPosted() {\\n        return picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPicOfPersonWhoPosted(String picOfPersonWhoPosted) {\\n        this.picOfPersonWhoPosted = picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getNameOfPersonWhoPosted() {\\n        return nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setNameOfPersonWhoPosted(String nameOfPersonWhoPosted) {\\n        this.nameOfPersonWhoPosted = nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getMessage() {\\n        return message;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setMessage(String message) {\\n        this.message = message;\\n    }\\n\\n    public int getLikesCount() {\\n        return likesCount;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setLikesCount(int likesCount) {\\n        this.likesCount = likesCount;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String[] getComments() {\\n        return comments;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setComments(String[] comments) {\\n        this.comments = comments;\\n    }\\n\\n    public int getTimeOfPost() {\\n        return timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setTimeOfPost(int timeOfPost) {\\n        this.timeOfPost = timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\nI\\'ve just copied your JSON sample into this file and put it under the project folder.{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex;\\n\\nimport java.io.File;\\nimport java.io.IOException;\\nimport java.util.Arrays;\\n\\nimport com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.Page;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.PageInfo;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.Post;\\n\\npublic class JSONDemo {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();\\n\\n        try {\\n            Page page = objectMapper.readValue(new File(\"sampleJSONFile.json\"), Page.class);\\n\\n            printParsedObject(page);\\n        } catch (IOException e) {\\n            e.printStackTrace();\\n        }\\n\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printParsedObject(Page page) {\\n        printPageInfo(page.getPageInfo());\\n        System.out.println();\\n        printPosts(page.getPosts());\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPageInfo(PageInfo pageInfo) {\\n        System.out.println(\"Page Info;\");\\n        System.out.println(\"**********\");\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPage Name : \" + pageInfo.getPageName());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPage Pic  : \" + pageInfo.getPagePic());\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPosts(Post[] posts) {\\n        System.out.println(\"Page Posts;\");\\n        System.out.println(\"**********\");\\n        for(Post post : posts) {\\n            printPost(post);\\n        }\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPost(Post post) {\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPost Id                   : \" + post.getPost_id());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tActor Id                  : \" + post.getActor_id());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPic Of Person Who Posted  : \" + post.getPicOfPersonWhoPosted());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tName Of Person Who Posted : \" + post.getNameOfPersonWhoPosted());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tMessage                   : \" + post.getMessage());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tLikes Count               : \" + post.getLikesCount());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tComments                  : \" + Arrays.toString(post.getComments()));\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tTime Of Post              : \" + post.getTimeOfPost());\\n    }\\n\\n}\\nPage Info;\\n****(*****\\n    Page Name : abc\\n    Page Pic  : http://example.com/content.jpg\\nPage Posts;\\n**********\\n    Post Id                   : 123456789012_123456789012\\n    Actor Id                  : 1234567890\\n    Pic Of Person Who Posted  : http://example.com/photo.jpg\\n    Name Of Person Who Posted : Jane Doe\\n    Message                   : Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\\n    Likes Count               : 2\\n    Comments                  : []\\n    Time Of Post              : 1234567890\\n',\n",
       "      'Use  which is very fast and easy to use.\\nYou can parse from String obj and Stream.Sample data:{\\n  \"order\": 4711,\\n  \"items\": [\\n    {\\n      \"name\": \"NE555 Timer IC\",\\n      \"cat-id\": \"645723\",\\n      \"quantity\": 10,\\n    },\\n    {\\n      \"name\": \"LM358N OpAmp IC\",\\n      \"cat-id\": \"764525\",\\n      \"quantity\": 2\\n    }\\n  ]\\n}\\nParsing:JsonObject object = Json.parse(input).asObject();\\nint orders = object.get(\"order\").asInt();\\nJsonArray items = object.get(\"items\").asArray();\\nCreating JSON:JsonObject user = Json.object().add(\"name\", \"Sakib\").add(\"age\", 23);\\nMaven:<dependency>\\n  <groupId>com.eclipsesource.minimal-json</groupId>\\n  <artifactId>minimal-json</artifactId>\\n  <version>0.9.4</version>\\n</dependency>\\n',\n",
       "      'Since nobody mentioned it yet, here is a beginning of a solution using  (JavaScript runtime part of Java 8, but deprecated in Java 11).private static final String EXTRACTOR_SCRIPT =\\n    \"var fun = function(raw) { \" +\\n    \"var json = JSON.parse(raw); \" +\\n    \"return [json.pageInfo.pageName, json.pageInfo.pagePic, json.posts[0].post_id];};\";\\n\\npublic void run() throws ScriptException, NoSuchMethodException {\\n    ScriptEngine engine = new ScriptEngineManager().getEngineByName(\"nashorn\");\\n    engine.eval(EXTRACTOR_SCRIPT);\\n    Invocable invocable = (Invocable) engine;\\n    JSObject result = (JSObject) invocable.invokeFunction(\"fun\", JSON);\\n    result.values().forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));\\n}\\nI wrote JSON content containing three arrays of respectively 20, 20 and 100 elements. I only want to get the 100 elements from the third array. I use the following JavaScript function to parse and get my entries.var fun = function(raw) {JSON.parse(raw).entries};\\nRunning the call a million times using  takes 7.5~7.8 seconds(JSObject) invocable.invokeFunction(\"fun\", json);\\n takes 20~21 secondsnew JSONObject(JSON).getJSONArray(\"entries\");\\n takes 6.5~7 secondsmapper.readValue(JSON, Entries.class).getEntries();\\nIn this case Jackson performs better than Nashorn, which performs much better than org.json.\\nNashorn API is harder to use than org.json\\'s or Jackson\\'s. Depending on your requirements Jackson and Nashorn both can be viable solutions.',\n",
       "      'I believe the best practice should be to go through the official  which are still work in progress.',\n",
       "      'The below example shows how to read the text in the question, represented as the \"jsonText\" variable.  This solution uses the Java EE7  API (which is mentioned in some of the other answers).  The reason I\\'ve added it as a separate answer is that the following code shows how to  access some of the values shown in the question.  An  would be required to make this code run.  The full package for each of the classes required was included as I didn\\'t want to declare \"import\" statements.javax.json.JsonReader jr = \\n    javax.json.Json.createReader(new StringReader(jsonText));\\njavax.json.JsonObject jo = jr.readObject();\\n\\n//Read the page info.\\njavax.json.JsonObject pageInfo = jo.getJsonObject(\"pageInfo\");\\nSystem.out.println(pageInfo.getString(\"pageName\"));\\n\\n//Read the posts.\\njavax.json.JsonArray posts = jo.getJsonArray(\"posts\");\\n//Read the first post.\\njavax.json.JsonObject post = posts.getJsonObject(0);\\n//Read the post_id field.\\nString postId = post.getString(\"post_id\");\\nNow, before anyone goes and downvotes this answer because it doesn\\'t use GSON, org.json, Jackson, or any of the other 3rd party frameworks available, it\\'s an example of \"required code\" per the question to parse the provided text.  I am well aware that  and as such the  should be treated the same as any other 3rd party JSON handling implementation.',\n",
       "      'This blew my mind with how easy it was. You can just pass a String holding your JSON to the constructor of a JSONObject in the default org.json package. JSONArray rootOfPage =  new JSONArray(JSONString);\\nDone. .\\nThis works with JSONObjects as well. After that, you can just look through your hierarchy of Objects using the get() methods on your objects.',\n",
       "      'There are many JSON libraries available in Java.The most notorious ones are: Jackson, GSON, Genson, FastJson and org.json.There are typically three things one should look at for choosing any library:Specifically for JSON libraries (and any serialization/deserialization libs), databinding is also usually of interest as it removes the need of writing boiler-plate code to pack/unpack the data.For 1, see this benchmark:  I did using  which compares (jackson, gson, genson, fastjson, org.json, jsonp) performance of serializers and deserializers using stream and databind APIs.\\nFor 2, you can find numerous examples on the Internet. The benchmark above can also be used as a source of examples...Quick takeaway of the benchmark:  performs 5 to 6 times better than org.json and more than twice better than GSON.For your particular example, the following code decodes your json with jackson:public class MyObj {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private List<Post> posts;\\n\\n    static final class PageInfo {\\n        private String pageName;\\n        private String pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n    static final class Post {\\n        private String post_id;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"actor_id\");\\n        private String actorId;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"picOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n        private String pictureOfPoster;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n        private String nameOfPoster;\\n        private String likesCount;\\n        private List<String> comments;\\n        private String timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n    private static final ObjectMapper JACKSON = new ObjectMapper();\\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {\\n        MyObj o = JACKSON.readValue(args[0], MyObj.class); // assumes args[0] contains your json payload provided in your question.\\n    }\\n}\\nLet me know if you have any questions.',\n",
       "      'In addition to other answers, I recomend this online opensource service  for quick generating Java classes from json or json schema for GSON, Jackson 1.x or Jackson 2.x. For example, if you have:{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": 1234567890,\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": 2,\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": 1234567890\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\nThe  for GSON generated:@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class Container {\\n    @SerializedName(\"pageInfo\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    @SerializedName(\"posts\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public List<Post> posts = new ArrayList<Post>();\\n}\\n\\n@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class PageInfo {\\n    @SerializedName(\"pageName\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String pageName;\\n    @SerializedName(\"pagePic\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String pagePic;\\n}\\n\\n@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class Post {\\n    @SerializedName(\"post_id\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String postId;\\n    @SerializedName(\"actor_id\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long actorId;\\n    @SerializedName(\"picOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    @SerializedName(\"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    @SerializedName(\"message\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String message;\\n    @SerializedName(\"likesCount\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long likesCount;\\n    @SerializedName(\"comments\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public List<Object> comments = new ArrayList<Object>();\\n    @SerializedName(\"timeOfPost\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long timeOfPost;\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'If you have some Java class(say Message) representing the JSON string(jsonString), you can use   JSON library with:Message message= new ObjectMapper().readValue(jsonString, Message.class);\\nand from message object you can fetch any of its attribute.',\n",
       "      ' is easy to learn and implement, what we need to know are following two methods\\n – Convert Java object to JSON format\\n – Convert JSON into Java object\\n`import java.io.BufferedReader;\\nimport java.io.FileReader;\\nimport java.io.IOException;\\nimport com.google.gson.Gson;\\n\\npublic class GsonExample {\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n    Gson gson = new Gson();\\n\\n    try {\\n\\n        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(\\n            new FileReader(\"c:\\\\\\\\file.json\"));\\n\\n        //convert the json string back to object\\n        DataObject obj = gson.fromJson(br, DataObject.class);\\n\\n        System.out.println(obj);\\n\\n    } catch (IOException e) {\\n        e.printStackTrace();\\n    }\\n\\n    }\\n}\\n`',\n",
       "      'There are many open source libraries present to parse JSON content to an object or just to read JSON values. Your requirement is just to read values and parsing it to custom object. So org.json library is enough in your case.Use org.json library to parse it and create JsonObject:JSONObject jsonObj = new JSONObject(<jsonStr>);\\nNow, use this object to get your values:String id = jsonObj.getString(\"pageInfo\");\\nYou can see a complete example here:',\n",
       "      'Please do something like this:JSONParser jsonParser = new JSONParser();\\nJSONObject obj = (JSONObject) jsonParser.parse(contentString);\\nString product = (String) jsonObject.get(\"productId\");\\n',\n",
       "      'You can use the Gson Library to parse the JSON string.Gson gson = new Gson();\\nJsonObject jsonObject = gson.fromJson(jsonAsString, JsonObject.class);\\n\\nString pageName = jsonObject.getAsJsonObject(\"pageInfo\").get(\"pageName\").getAsString();\\nString pagePic = jsonObject.getAsJsonObject(\"pageInfo\").get(\"pagePic\").getAsString();\\nString postId = jsonObject.getAsJsonArray(\"posts\").get(0).getAsJsonObject().get(\"post_id\").getAsString();\\nYou can also loop through the \"posts\" array as so:JsonArray posts = jsonObject.getAsJsonArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (JsonElement post : posts) {\\n  String postId = post.getAsJsonObject().get(\"post_id\").getAsString();\\n  //do something\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'Read the following blog post, .This post is a little bit old, but still I want to answer you question.Step 1: Create a POJO class of your data.Step 2: Now create a object using JSON.Employee employee = null;\\nObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();\\ntry {\\n    employee =  mapper.readValue(newFile(\"/home/sumit/employee.json\"), Employee.class);\\n} \\ncatch(JsonGenerationException e) {\\n    e.printStackTrace();\\n}\\nFor further reference you can refer to the following .',\n",
       "      '{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\n\\nJava code :\\n\\nJSONObject obj = new JSONObject(responsejsonobj);\\nString pageName = obj.getJSONObject(\"pageInfo\").getString(\"pageName\");\\n\\nJSONArray arr = obj.getJSONArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++)\\n{\\n    String post_id = arr.getJSONObject(i).getString(\"post_id\");\\n    ......etc\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'First you need to select an  to do that.The  provides portable APIs to parse, generate, transform, and query JSON using object model and streaming APIs. The  is here:  Here you can find a  of JSR 353:And ... I found this article as well:If you go for Jackson, here is a good article about conversion between JSON to/from Java using Jackson: Hope it helps!',\n",
       "      'Top answers on this page use too simple examples like object with one property (e.g. {name: value}). I think that still simple but real life example can help someone. So this is the JSON returned by Google Translate API: {\\n  \"data\": \\n     {\\n        \"translations\": \\n          [\\n            {\\n              \"translatedText\": \"Arbeit\"\\n             }\\n          ]\\n     }\\n}\\nI want to retrieve the value of \"translatedText\" attribute e.g. \"Arbeit\" using Google\\'s Gson.Two possible approaches: Retrieve just one needed attributeString json  = callToTranslateApi(\"work\", \"de\");\\nJsonObject jsonObject = new JsonParser().parse(json).getAsJsonObject();\\nreturn jsonObject.get(\"data\").getAsJsonObject()\\n        .get(\"translations\").getAsJsonArray()\\n        .get(0).getAsJsonObject()\\n        .get(\"translatedText\").getAsString();\\nCreate Java object from JSONclass ApiResponse {\\n    Data data;      \\n    class Data {\\n        Translation[] translations;         \\n        class Translation {\\n            String translatedText;\\n        }\\n     }\\n }\\n... Gson g = new Gson();\\n String json =callToTranslateApi(\"work\", \"de\");\\n ApiResponse response = g.fromJson(json, ApiResponse.class);\\n return response.data.translations[0].translatedText;\\n',\n",
       "      'You can use . Below is a GitHub link with source code, pom details and good documentation.Please follow the below steps.: Add the jayway JSON path dependency in your class path using Maven or download the JAR file and manually add it.<dependency>\\n            <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n            <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n            <version>2.2.0</version>\\n</dependency>\\n: Please save your input JSON as a file for this example. In my case I saved your JSON as sampleJson.txt. Note you missed a comma between pageInfo and posts.: Read the JSON contents from the above file using bufferedReader and save it as String.BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"D:\\\\\\\\sampleJson.txt\"));\\n\\n        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();\\n        String line = br.readLine();\\n\\n        while (line != null) {\\n            sb.append(line);\\n            sb.append(System.lineSeparator());\\n            line = br.readLine();\\n        }\\n        br.close();\\n        String jsonInput = sb.toString();\\n: Parse your JSON string using jayway JSON parser.Object document = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonInput);\\n: Read the details like below.String pageName = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.pageInfo.pageName\");\\nString pagePic = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.pageInfo.pagePic\");\\nString post_id = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.posts[0].post_id\");\\n\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.pageInfo.pageName \" + pageName);\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.pageInfo.pagePic \" + pagePic);\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.posts[0].post_id \" + post_id);\\n:$.pageInfo.pageName = abc\\n$.pageInfo.pagePic = http://example.com/content.jpg\\n$.posts[0].post_id  = 123456789012_123456789012\\n',\n",
       "      '{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n}\\nclass PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n\\n    // Getters and setters\\n}\\n    PageInfo pageInfo = JsonPath.parse(jsonString).read(\"$.pageInfo\", PageInfo.class);\\n<dependency>\\n    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n    <version>2.2.0</version>\\n</dependency>\\n',\n",
       "      'One can use  to create  model classes representing structure of  files and use them to access various elements in the  tree. Unlike other solutions this one  and is thus suitable for environments where reflection is impossible or comes with significant overhead.There is a  showing the usage. First of all it defines the structure:@Model(className=\"RepositoryInfo\", properties = {\\n    @Property(name = \"id\", type = int.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"name\", type = String.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"owner\", type = Owner.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"private\", type = boolean.class),\\n})\\nfinal class RepositoryCntrl {\\n    @Model(className = \"Owner\", properties = {\\n        @Property(name = \"login\", type = String.class)\\n    })\\n    static final class OwnerCntrl {\\n    }\\n}\\nand then it uses the generated RepositoryInfo and Owner classes to parse the provided input stream and pick certain information up while doing that:List<RepositoryInfo> repositories = new ArrayList<>();\\ntry (InputStream is = initializeStream(args)) {\\n    Models.parse(CONTEXT, RepositoryInfo.class, is, repositories);\\n}\\n\\nSystem.err.println(\"there is \" + repositories.size() + \" repositories\");\\nrepositories.stream().filter((repo) -> repo != null).forEach((repo) -> {\\n    System.err.println(\"repository \" + repo.getName() + \\n        \" is owned by \" + repo.getOwner().getLogin()\\n    );\\n})\\nThat is it! In addition to that here is a  showing similar example together with asynchronous network communication.',\n",
       "      'jsoniter (jsoniterator) is a relatively new and simple json library, designed to be simple and fast. All you need to do to deserialize json data isJsonIterator.deserialize(jsonData, int[].class);\\nwhere jsonData is a string of json data.Check out the \\nfor more information.',\n",
       "      'If you have maven project then add below dependency  or normal project add json-simple jar.<dependency>\\n    <groupId>org.json</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json</artifactId>\\n    <version>20180813</version>\\n</dependency>\\nWrite below java code for convert JSON string to JSON array.JSONArray ja = new JSONArray(String jsonString);\\n',\n",
       "      'You can use JsonNode for a structured tree representation of your JSON string. It\\'s part of the rock solid  which is omnipresent.ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();\\nJsonNode yourObj = mapper.readTree(\"{\\\\\"k\\\\\":\\\\\"v\\\\\"}\");\\n',\n",
       "      'We can use the JSONObject class to convert a JSON string to a JSON object,\\nand to iterate over the JSON object. Use the following code.JSONObject jObj = new JSONObject(contents.trim());\\nIterator<?> keys = jObj.keys();\\n\\nwhile( keys.hasNext() ) {\\n  String key = (String)keys.next();\\n  if ( jObj.get(key) instanceof JSONObject ) {           \\n    System.out.println(jObj.getString(String key));\\n  }\\n}\\n'],\n",
       "     'total_vectors': [0.004480466712266207,\n",
       "      -0.05914735421538353,\n",
       "      0.03301948308944702,\n",
       "      0.03592240437865257,\n",
       "      0.07240375131368637,\n",
       "      0.058863043785095215,\n",
       "      -0.06238548085093498,\n",
       "      0.0049355062656104565,\n",
       "      -0.019056081771850586,\n",
       "      0.06611619889736176,\n",
       "      0.025985687971115112,\n",
       "      -0.03850460425019264,\n",
       "      -0.05308529734611511,\n",
       "      0.06356819719076157,\n",
       "      -0.07953088730573654,\n",
       "      0.079947829246521,\n",
       "      0.07280861586332321,\n",
       "      -0.057011235505342484,\n",
       "      0.0677567720413208,\n",
       "      -0.06273937970399857,\n",
       "      0.03255506604909897,\n",
       "      0.014352679252624512,\n",
       "      0.0373222753405571,\n",
       "      0.06475712358951569,\n",
       "      -0.03211025521159172,\n",
       "      0.04351009428501129,\n",
       "      -0.023004960268735886,\n",
       "      -0.06851080805063248,\n",
       "      -0.010633274912834167,\n",
       "      -0.010428538545966148,\n",
       "      -0.01474735327064991,\n",
       "      0.02330622635781765,\n",
       "      -0.02599971555173397,\n",
       "      -0.020556120201945305,\n",
       "      0.00019608536968007684,\n",
       "      0.05971420928835869,\n",
       "      -0.012732427567243576,\n",
       "      -0.0038278326392173767,\n",
       "      -0.03556639701128006,\n",
       "      -0.07407859712839127,\n",
       "      0.028493689373135567,\n",
       "      0.03740689530968666,\n",
       "      -0.05799327418208122,\n",
       "      0.04198747128248215,\n",
       "      0.07991546392440796,\n",
       "      -0.017485598102211952,\n",
       "      -0.05882047116756439,\n",
       "      -0.018106326460838318,\n",
       "      -0.031597938388586044,\n",
       "      -0.03379007428884506,\n",
       "      0.04374568909406662,\n",
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       "      -0.036232203245162964,\n",
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       "      -0.04289163649082184,\n",
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       "      -0.009422923438251019,\n",
       "      -0.07847876101732254,\n",
       "      0.017973359674215317,\n",
       "      -0.008731982670724392,\n",
       "      0.01838393695652485,\n",
       "      -0.035042595118284225,\n",
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       "      -0.014730680733919144,\n",
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       "      -0.07983459532260895,\n",
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       "      7.208170427475125e-05,\n",
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       "      -0.050647538155317307,\n",
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       "      -0.015207472257316113,\n",
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       "      -0.011901254765689373,\n",
       "      0.04825543612241745,\n",
       "      0.018426991999149323,\n",
       "      0.006008964963257313,\n",
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       "      -0.041155602782964706,\n",
       "      -0.06203921511769295,\n",
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       "      -0.03594944626092911,\n",
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       "      -0.002470868406817317,\n",
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       "      -0.07986894249916077,\n",
       "      0.03187156468629837,\n",
       "      0.051191069185733795,\n",
       "      -0.029825029894709587,\n",
       "      0.07667499035596848,\n",
       "      0.05427372828125954,\n",
       "      -0.026567718014121056,\n",
       "      0.03316329047083855,\n",
       "      0.047062311321496964,\n",
       "      -0.022593678906559944,\n",
       "      0.006802459247410297,\n",
       "      0.009529337286949158,\n",
       "      -0.0768405944108963,\n",
       "      0.049646347761154175,\n",
       "      0.019466035068035126,\n",
       "      0.021890435367822647,\n",
       "      0.04333982989192009,\n",
       "      -0.009069233201444149,\n",
       "      -0.04107337072491646,\n",
       "      -0.02543482556939125,\n",
       "      -0.07449083030223846,\n",
       "      -0.04109670966863632,\n",
       "      0.026710914447903633,\n",
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       "   {'_index': 'test-database1',\n",
       "    '_type': '_doc',\n",
       "    '_id': 'LC5K63YBXX3FrV-lmFEE',\n",
       "    '_score': 1.0,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'What is the difference between single-quoted and double-quoted strings in PHP?',\n",
       "     'details': \"I'm a little confused why I see some code in PHP with string placed in single quotes and sometimes in double quotes.I just know in .NET, or the C language, if it is in a single quote, that means it is a character, not a string.\",\n",
       "     'answers': [\"I'm a little confused why I see some code in PHP with string placed in single quotes and sometimes in double quotes.I just know in .NET, or the C language, if it is in a single quote, that means it is a character, not a string.\",\n",
       "      ' can be specified not just in  ways, but in  ways.\\\\\\'\\\\\\\\$typeecho \"The $types are\"$typesecho \"The {$type}s are\"<<<<<<<<<\\'EOT\\'\\nSingle quotes inside of single quotes and double quotes inside of double quotes must be escaped:$string = \\'He said \"What\\\\\\'s up?\"\\';\\n$string = \"He said \\\\\"What\\'s up?\\\\\"\";\\n\\nI would not put too much weight on single quotes being faster than double quotes. They probably are faster in certain situations. Here\\'s an article  (Useless Optimizations toward the bottom, section C). Also, this  has a single vs double quote comparison. Most of the comparisons are the same. There is one comparison where double quotes are slower than single quotes.',\n",
       "      'Things get evaluated in double quotes but not in single:$s = \"dollars\";\\necho \\'This costs a lot of $s.\\'; // This costs a lot of $s.\\necho \"This costs a lot of $s.\"; // This costs a lot of dollars.\\n',\n",
       "      '\\'The simplest way to specify a string is to enclose it in single quotes. Single quote is generally faster, and everything quoted inside treated as plain string.echo \\'Start with a simple string\\';\\necho \\'String\\\\\\'s apostrophe\\';\\necho \\'String with a php variable\\'.$name;\\n\"Use double quotes in PHP to avoid having to use the period to separate code (Note: Use curly braces {} to include variables if you do not want to use concatenation (.) operator) in string.echo \"Start with a simple string\";\\necho \"String\\'s apostrophe\";\\necho \"String with a php variable {$name}\";\\nYes. It is slightly faster to use single quotes.PHP won\\'t use additional processing to interpret what is inside the single quote. when you use double quotes PHP has to parse to check if there are any variables within the string.',\n",
       "      'A single-quoted string does not have variables within it interpreted.  A double-quoted string does.Also, a double-quoted string can contain apostrophes without backslashes, while a single-quoted string can contain unescaped quotation marks.The single-quoted strings are faster at runtime because they do not need to be parsed.',\n",
       "      'In PHP, both \\'my name\\' and \"my name\" are string. You can read more about it .Thing you should know are$a = \\'name\\';\\n$b = \"my $a\"; == \\'my name\\'\\n$c = \\'my $a\\'; != \\'my name\\'\\nIn PHP, people use single quote to define a constant string, like \\'a\\', \\'my name\\', \\'abc xyz\\', while using double quote to define a string contain identifier like \"a $b $c $d\".And other thing is, echo \\'my name\\';\\nis faster thanecho \"my name\";\\nbutecho \\'my \\' . $a;\\nis slower thanecho \"my $a\";\\nThis is true for other used of string.',\n",
       "      '<?php\\n\\n    $fname = \"David\";\\n\\n    // Single quotes\\n    echo \\'My name is $fname.\\'; // My name is $fname.\\n\\n    // Double quotes\\n    echo \"My name is $fname.\"; // My name is David.\\n\\n    // Curly braces to isolate the name of the variable\\n    echo \"My name is {$fname}.\"; // My name is David.\\n\\n    // Example of heredoc\\n    echo $foo = <<<abc\\n    My name is {$fname}\\n    abc;\\n\\n        // Example of nowdoc\\n        echo <<< \\'abc\\'\\n        My name is \"$name\".\\n        Now, I am printing some\\n    abc;\\n\\n?>\\n',\n",
       "      'In PHP, single quote text is considered as string value and double quote text will parse the variables by replacing and processing their value.$test = \"variable\";\\necho \"Hello Mr $test\"; // the output would be: Hello Mr variable\\necho \\'Hello Mr $test\\'; // the output would be: Hello Mr $test\\nHere, double quote parse the value and single quote is considered as string value (without parsing the $test variable.)',\n",
       "      'Both kinds of enclosed characters are strings.  One type of quote is conveniently used to enclose the other type of quote.  \"\\'\"  and \\'\"\\'.   The biggest difference between the types of quotes is that enclosed identifier references are substituted for inside double quotes, but not inside single quotes.',\n",
       "      'The difference between using single quotes and double quotes in php is that if we use single quotes in echo statement then it is treated as a string. ... but if we enter variable name within double quotes then it will output the value of that variable along with the string.',\n",
       "      'Some might say that I\\'m a little off-topic, but here it is anyway:You don\\'t necessarily have to choose because of your string\\'s content between:\\nalert(\"It\\'s \\\\\"game\\\\\" time.\"); or alert(\\'It\\\\\\'s \"game\" time.\\');If you\\'re familiar with the use of the english quotation marks, and the correct character for the apostrophe, you can use either double or single quotes, because it won\\'t matter anymore:\\nalert(\"It’s “game” time.\"); and alert(\\'It’s “game” time.\\');Of course you can also add variables if needed. Just don\\'t forget that they get evaluated only when in double quotes!',\n",
       "      ' It is very important to note that the line with the closing identifier of  must contain no other characters, except a . That means especially that the identifier may not be , and there may not be any  or  before or after the semicolon.   $str = <<<EOD\\nExample of string\\nspanning multiple lines\\nusing heredoc syntax.\\nEOD;\\n',\n",
       "      'Here some possibilities of single and double quotes with variable$world = \"world\";\\n\\n\"Hello \\'.$world.\\' \";\\n\\n\\'hello \".$world.\"\\';\\n'],\n",
       "     'total_vectors': [0.0038906338158994913,\n",
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       "      0.047061219811439514,\n",
       "      0.06986045837402344,\n",
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       "      -0.06659629195928574,\n",
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       "      -0.009592488408088684,\n",
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       "      0.005570985842496157,\n",
       "      0.04413441941142082,\n",
       "      0.019439244642853737,\n",
       "      0.03544114530086517,\n",
       "      -0.01693735457956791,\n",
       "      0.03297533467411995,\n",
       "      -0.018216446042060852,\n",
       "      -0.024355703964829445,\n",
       "      -0.0022773740347474813,\n",
       "      -0.0647113248705864,\n",
       "      -0.015729811042547226,\n",
       "      -0.0038052969612181187,\n",
       "      0.0004680152633227408,\n",
       "      -0.039824228733778,\n",
       "      0.015592537820339203,\n",
       "      0.06241116300225258,\n",
       "      -0.09297303110361099,\n",
       "      -0.01401942316442728,\n",
       "      0.017291506752371788,\n",
       "      0.0165384653955698,\n",
       "      0.060587916523218155,\n",
       "      0.002295777667313814,\n",
       "      -0.0032709548249840736,\n",
       "      0.003474316094070673,\n",
       "      -0.004654052667319775,\n",
       "      0.028794005513191223,\n",
       "      0.00409134803339839,\n",
       "      -0.04162829369306564,\n",
       "      0.01489005796611309,\n",
       "      0.04023528844118118,\n",
       "      0.015280826017260551,\n",
       "      -0.0267590694129467,\n",
       "      0.028038905933499336,\n",
       "      0.07716213166713715,\n",
       "      0.060345608741045,\n",
       "      0.03578505292534828,\n",
       "      0.045909199863672256,\n",
       "      -0.014923474751412868,\n",
       "      0.047975558787584305,\n",
       "      0.0594237819314003,\n",
       "      0.0009573042625561357,\n",
       "      -0.07909201085567474]}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'test-database1',\n",
       "    '_type': '_doc',\n",
       "    '_id': 'LS5K63YBXX3FrV-lmVFd',\n",
       "    '_score': 1.0,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How can I avoid Java code in JSP files, using JSP 2?',\n",
       "     'details': 'I\\'m new to Java EE and I know that something like the following three lines<%= x+1 %>\\n<%= request.getParameter(\"name\") %>\\n<%! counter++; %>\\nis an old school way of coding and in JSP version 2 there exists a method to avoid Java code in JSP files. What are the alternative JSP 2 lines, and what is this technique called?',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I\\'m new to Java EE and I know that something like the following three lines<%= x+1 %>\\n<%= request.getParameter(\"name\") %>\\n<%! counter++; %>\\nis an old school way of coding and in JSP version 2 there exists a method to avoid Java code in JSP files. What are the alternative JSP 2 lines, and what is this technique called?',\n",
       "      'The use of  (those <% %> things) in  is indeed highly discouraged since the birth of  (like ) and  (, those ${} things) way back in 2001.The major disadvantages of  are: Oracle itself also recommends in the  to avoid use of  whenever the same functionality is possible by (tag) classes. Here are several cites of relevance:From JSP 1.2 Specification, it is highly recommended that the JSP Standard Tag Library  (JSTL) be used in your web application to help  in your pages. Pages that use JSTL are, in general, easier to read and maintain. ...Where possible,  whenever tag libraries provide equivalent functionality. This makes pages easier to read and maintain, helps to separate business logic from presentation logic, and will make your pages easier to evolve into JSP 2.0-style pages (JSP 2.0 Specification supports but de-emphasizes the use of scriptlets)....In the spirit of adopting the model-view-controller (MVC) design pattern to reduce coupling between the presentation tier from the business logic,  for writing business logic. Rather, JSP scriptlets are used if necessary to transform data (also called \"value objects\") returned from processing the client\\'s requests into a proper client-ready format. Even then, this would be better done with a front controller servlet or a custom tag.\\nIf you want to invoke the  Java code on  request, less-or-more regardless of the requested page, e.g. checking if a user is logged in, then implement a  and write code accordingly in doFilter() method. E.g.:public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {\\n    if (((HttpServletRequest) request).getSession().getAttribute(\"user\") == null) {\\n        ((HttpServletResponse) response).sendRedirect(\"login\"); // Not logged in, redirect to login page.\\n    } else {\\n        chain.doFilter(request, response); // Logged in, just continue request.\\n    }\\n}\\nWhen mapped on an appropriate <url-pattern> covering the JSP pages of interest, then you don\\'t need to copypaste the same piece of code overall JSP pages.\\nIf you want to invoke some Java code to  a request, e.g. preloading some list from a database to display in some table, if necessary based on some query parameters, then implement a  and write code accordingly in doGet() method. E.g.:protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {\\n    try {\\n        List<Product> products = productService.list(); // Obtain all products.\\n        request.setAttribute(\"products\", products); // Store products in request scope.\\n        request.getRequestDispatcher(\"/WEB-INF/products.jsp\").forward(request, response); // Forward to JSP page to display them in a HTML table.\\n    } catch (SQLException e) {\\n        throw new ServletException(\"Retrieving products failed!\", e);\\n    }\\n}\\nThis way dealing with exceptions is easier. The DB is not accessed in the midst of JSP rendering, but far before the JSP is been displayed. You still have the possibility to change the response whenever the DB access throws an exception. In the above example, the default error 500 page will be displayed which you can anyway customize by an <error-page> in web.xml.\\nIf you want to invoke some Java code to  a request, e.g. processing a form submit, then implement a  and write code accordingly in doPost() method. E.g.:protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {\\n    String username = request.getParameter(\"username\");\\n    String password = request.getParameter(\"password\");\\n    User user = userService.find(username, password);\\n\\n    if (user != null) {\\n        request.getSession().setAttribute(\"user\", user); // Login user.\\n        response.sendRedirect(\"home\"); // Redirect to home page.\\n    } else {\\n        request.setAttribute(\"message\", \"Unknown username/password. Please retry.\"); // Store error message in request scope.\\n        request.getRequestDispatcher(\"/WEB-INF/login.jsp\").forward(request, response); // Forward to JSP page to redisplay login form with error.\\n    }\\n}\\nThis way dealing with different result page destinations is easier: redisplaying the form with validation errors in case of an error (in this particular example you can redisplay it using ${message} in ), or just taking to the desired target page in case of success.\\nIf you want to invoke some Java code to  the execution plan and/or the destination of the request and the response, then implement a  according to the . E.g.:protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {\\n    try {\\n        Action action = ActionFactory.getAction(request);\\n        String view = action.execute(request, response);\\n\\n        if (view.equals(request.getPathInfo().substring(1)) {\\n            request.getRequestDispatcher(\"/WEB-INF/\" + view + \".jsp\").forward(request, response);\\n        } else {\\n            response.sendRedirect(view);\\n        }\\n    } catch (Exception e) {\\n        throw new ServletException(\"Executing action failed.\", e);\\n    }\\n}\\nOr just adopt an MVC framework like , , , etc so that you end up with just a JSP/Facelets page and a JavaBean class without the need for a custom servlet.\\nIf you want to invoke some Java code to  inside a JSP page, then you need to grab an (existing) flow control taglib like . E.g. displaying List<Product> in a table:<%@ taglib uri=\"http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core\" prefix=\"c\" %>\\n...\\n<table>\\n    <c:forEach items=\"${products}\" var=\"product\">\\n        <tr>\\n            <td>${product.name}</td>\\n            <td>${product.description}</td>\\n            <td>${product.price}</td>\\n        </tr>\\n    </c:forEach>\\n</table>\\nWith XML-style tags which fit nicely among all that HTML, the code is better readable (and thus better maintainable) than a bunch of scriptlets with various opening and closing braces (). An easy aid is to configure your web application to throw an exception whenever  are still been used by adding the following piece to web.xml:<jsp-config>\\n    <jsp-property-group>\\n        <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>\\n        <scripting-invalid>true</scripting-invalid>\\n    </jsp-property-group>\\n</jsp-config>\\nIn , the successor of JSP, which is part of the Java EE provided MVC framework , it is already  possible to use . This way you\\'re automatically forced to do things \"the right way\".\\nIf you want to invoke some Java code to  \"backend\" data inside a JSP page, then you need to use EL (Expression Language), those ${} things. E.g. redisplaying submitted input values:<input type=\"text\" name=\"foo\" value=\"${param.foo}\" />\\nThe ${param.foo} displays the outcome of request.getParameter(\"foo\").\\nIf you want to invoke some  Java code directly in the JSP page (typically public static methods), then you need to define them as EL functions. There\\'s a standard  in JSTL, but . Here\\'s an example how JSTL fn:escapeXml is useful to prevent  .<%@ taglib uri=\"http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions\" prefix=\"fn\" %>\\n...\\n<input type=\"text\" name=\"foo\" value=\"${fn:escapeXml(param.foo)}\" />\\nNote that the XSS sensitivity is in no way specifically related to Java/JSP/JSTL/EL/whatever, this problem needs to be taken into account in  web application you develop. The problem of  is that it provides no way of builtin preventions, at least not using the standard Java API. JSP\\'s successor Facelets has already implicit HTML escaping, so you don\\'t need to worry about XSS holes in Facelets.\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n',\n",
       "      'As  is discussing, you can and always should disable scriptlets in your web.xml web application descriptor.I would always do that in order to prevent any developer adding scriptlets, especially in bigger companies where you will lose overview sooner or later. The web.xml settings look like this:<jsp-config>\\n  <jsp-property-group>\\n    <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>\\n     <scripting-invalid>true</scripting-invalid>\\n  </jsp-property-group>\\n</jsp-config>\\n',\n",
       "      ' offers tags for conditionals, loops, sets, gets, etc. For example:<c:if test=\"${someAttribute == \\'something\\'}\">\\n   ...\\n</c:if>\\nJSTL works with request attributes - they are most often set in the request by a Servlet, which  to the JSP.',\n",
       "      'You can use JSTL tags together with EL expressions to avoid intermixing Java and HTML code:<%@ page contentType=\"text/html;charset=UTF-8\" language=\"java\" %>\\n<%@ taglib uri=\"http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core\" prefix=\"c\" %>\\n<%@ taglib uri=\"http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt\" prefix=\"fmt\" %>\\n<html>\\n    <head>\\n    </head>\\n    <body>\\n\\n        <c:out value=\"${x + 1}\" />\\n        <c:out value=\"${param.name}\" />\\n        // and so on\\n\\n    </body>\\n</html>\\n',\n",
       "      'There are also component-based frameworks, such as , that generate a lot of the HTML for you.The tags that end up in the HTML are extremely basic and there is virtually no logic that gets mixed in. The result is almost empty-like HTML pages with typical HTML elements. The downside is that there are a lot of components in the  API to learn and some things can be difficult to achieve under those constraints.',\n",
       "      'In the MVC architectural pattern, JSPs represent the view layer. Embedding Java code in JSPs is considered a bad practice.You can use , , and  with JSP as a \"template engine\".The data provider to those tags  that you are dealing with.  2 and  as an implementation for the MVC pattern uses  \"very interesting technique to expose Beans properties to JSP\".',\n",
       "      \"Experience has shown that JSP's have some shortcomings, one of them being hard to avoid mixing markup with actual code.If you can, then consider using a specialized technology for what you need to do.  In Java EE 6 there is JSF 2.0, which provides a lot of nice features including gluing Java beans together with JSF pages through the #{bean.method(argument)} approach.\",\n",
       "      'If you simply want to avoid the drawbacks of Java coding in JSP you can do so even with scriplets. Just follow some discipline to have minimal Java in JSP and almost no calculation and logic in the JSP page.<%@ page contentType=\"text/html;charset=UTF-8\" language=\"java\" %>\\n<% // Instantiate a JSP controller\\nMyController clr = new MyController(request, response);\\n\\n// Process action, if any\\nclr.process(request);\\n\\n// Process page forwarding, if necessary\\n\\n// Do all variable assignment here\\nString showMe = clr.getShowMe();%>\\n\\n<html>\\n    <head>\\n    </head>\\n    <body>\\n        <form name=\"frm1\">\\n            <p><%= showMe %>\\n            <p><% for(String str : clr.listOfStrings()) { %>\\n            <p><%= str %><% } %>\\n\\n            // And so on   \\n        </form>\\n    </body>\\n</html>\\n',\n",
       "      'Note that EL is  (runtime exceptions and refactoring).Wicket may be evil too (performance and toilsome for small applications or simple view tier).This must be added to the web application\\'s web.xml<taglib>\\n    <taglib-uri>/java2s</taglib-uri>\\n    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/java2s.tld</taglib-location>\\n</taglib>\\nCreate file  in the <!DOCTYPE taglib\\n  PUBLIC \"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.2//EN\"\\n   \"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-jsptaglibrary_1_2.dtd\">\\n\\n<!-- A tab library descriptor -->\\n<taglib xmlns=\"http://java.sun.com/JSP/TagLibraryDescriptor\">\\n    <tlib-version>1.0</tlib-version>\\n    <jsp-version>1.2</jsp-version>\\n    <short-name>Java2s Simple Tags</short-name>\\n\\n    <!-- This tag manipulates its body content by converting it to upper case\\n    -->\\n    <tag>\\n        <name>bodyContentTag</name>\\n        <tag-class>com.java2s.BodyContentTag</tag-class>\\n        <body-content>JSP</body-content>\\n        <attribute>\\n          <name>howMany</name>\\n        </attribute>\\n    </tag>\\n</taglib>\\nCompile the following code into package com.java2s;\\n\\nimport java.io.IOException;\\nimport javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;\\nimport javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyContent;\\nimport javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;\\n\\npublic class BodyContentTag extends BodyTagSupport{\\n    private int iterations, howMany;\\n\\n    public void setHowMany(int i){\\n        this.howMany = i;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setBodyContent(BodyContent bc){\\n        super.setBodyContent(bc);\\n        System.out.println(\"BodyContent = \\'\" + bc.getString() + \"\\'\");\\n    }\\n\\n    public int doAfterBody(){\\n        try{\\n            BodyContent bodyContent = super.getBodyContent();\\n            String bodyString  = bodyContent.getString();\\n            JspWriter out = bodyContent.getEnclosingWriter();\\n\\n            if ( iterations % 2 == 0 )\\n                out.print(bodyString.toLowerCase());\\n            else\\n                out.print(bodyString.toUpperCase());\\n\\n            iterations++;\\n            bodyContent.clear(); // empty buffer for next evaluation\\n        }\\n        catch (IOException e) {\\n            System.out.println(\"Error in BodyContentTag.doAfterBody()\" + e.getMessage());\\n            e.printStackTrace();\\n        } // End of catch\\n\\n        int retValue = SKIP_BODY;\\n\\n        if ( iterations < howMany )\\n            retValue = EVAL_BODY_AGAIN;\\n\\n        return retValue;\\n    }\\n}\\nStart the server and load the bodyContent.jsp file in the browser:<%@ taglib uri=\"/java2s\" prefix=\"java2s\" %>\\n<html>\\n    <head>\\n        <title>A custom tag: body content</title>\\n    </head>\\n    <body>\\n        This page uses a custom tag manipulates its body content.Here is its output:\\n        <ol>\\n            <java2s:bodyContentTag howMany=\"3\">\\n            <li>java2s.com</li>\\n            </java2s:bodyContentTag>\\n        </ol>\\n    </body>\\n</html>\\n',\n",
       "      ' is also an alternative which completely separates Java from HTML, so a designer and programmer can work together and on different sets of code with little understanding of each other.Look at Wicket.',\n",
       "      'You raised a good question and although you got good answers, I would suggest that you get rid of JSP. It is outdated technology which eventually will die. Use a modern approach, like template engines. You will have very clear separation of business and presentation layers, and certainly no Java code in templates, so you can generate templates directly from web presentation editing software, in most cases leveraging WYSIWYG.And certainly stay away of filters and pre and post processing, otherwise you may deal with support/debugging difficulties since you always do not know where the variable gets the value.',\n",
       "      'No matter how much you try to avoid, when you work with other developers, some of them will still prefer scriptlet and then insert the evil code into the project. Therefore, setting up the project at the first sign is very important if you really want to reduce the scriptlet code. There are several techniques to get over this (including several frameworks that other mentioned). However, if you prefer the pure JSP way, then use the JSTL tag file. The nice thing about this is you can also set up master pages for your project, so the other pages can inherit the master pages<%@tag description=\"Overall Page template\" pageEncoding=\"UTF-8\"%>\\n\\n<%@attribute name=\"title\" fragment=\"true\" %>\\n\\n<html>\\n  <head>\\n    <title>  \\n       <jsp:invoke fragment=\"title\"></jsp:invoke>\\n    </title>\\n\\n  </head>\\n  <body>\\n    <div id=\"page-header\">\\n       ....\\n    </div>\\n    <div id=\"page-body\">\\n      <jsp:doBody/>\\n    </div>\\n    <div id=\"page-footer\">\\n      .....\\n    </div>\\n  </body>\\n</html>\\nOn this mater page, I created a fragment called \"title\", so that in the child page, I could insert more codes into this place of the master page. Also, the tag <jsp:doBody/> will be replaced by the content of the child page <%@ taglib prefix=\"t\" tagdir=\"/WEB-INF/tags\" %>\\n\\n<t:base>\\n    <jsp:attribute name=\"title\"> \\n        <bean:message key=\"hello.world\" />\\n    </jsp:attribute>\\n\\n    <jsp:body>\\n    [Put your content of the child here]\\n    </jsp:body>   \\n</t:base>\\n<t:base> is used to specify the master page you want to use (which is base.tag at this moment). All the content inside the tag <jsp:body> here will replace the <jsp:doBody/> on your master page. Your child page can also include any tag lib and you can use it normally like the other mentioned. However, if you use any scriptlet code here (<%= request.getParameter(\"name\") %> ...) and try to run this page, you will get a JasperException because  Scripting elements ( &lt;%!, &lt;jsp:declaration, &lt;%=, &lt;jsp:expression, &lt;%, &lt;jsp:scriptlet ) are disallowed here. Therefore, there is no way other people can include the evil code into the jsp fileYou can easily call the child.jsp file from your controller. This also works nice with the struts framework',\n",
       "      'In order to avoid Java code in JSP files, Java now provides tag libraries, like JSTL.Also, Java has come up with  into which you can write all programming structures in the form of tags.',\n",
       "      'Use JSTL tag libraries in JSP. That will work perfectly.',\n",
       "      'Just use the JSTL tag and EL expression.',\n",
       "      \", I suggest GWT. Theoretically, you can avoid all the JavaScript and HTML elements, because Google Toolkit transforms all the client and shared code to JavaScript. You won't have problem with them, so you have a webservice without coding in any other languages. You can even use some default CSS from somewhere as it is given by extensions (smartGWT or ). You don't need to learn dozens of annotations.Of course, if you want, you can hack yourself into the depths of the code and inject JavaScript and enrich your HTML page, but really you can avoid it if you want, and the result will be good as it was written in any other frameworks. I it's say worth a try, and the basic GWT is well-documented.And of course many fellow programmers hereby described or recommended several other solutions. GWT is for people who really don't want to deal with the web part or to minimize it.\",\n",
       "      'A neat idea from the Python world is ; TAL was introduced by Zope (therefore a.k.a. \"Zope Page Templates\", ZPT) and is a standard, with implementations in PHP, XSLT and Java as well (I have used the Python/Zope and PHP incarnations). In this class of templating languages, one of the above examples could look like this:<table>\\n    <tr tal:repeat=\"product products\">\\n        <td tal:content=\"product/name\">Example product</td>\\n        <td tal:content=\"product/description\">A nice description</td>\\n        <td tal:content=\"product/price\">1.23</td>\\n    </tr>\\n</table>\\nThe code looks like ordinary HTML (or XHTML) plus some special attributes in an XML namespace; it can be viewed with a browser and safely be tweaked by a designer.There is support for macros and for  as well:<h1 i18n:translate=\"\">Our special offers</h1>\\n<table>\\n    <tr tal:repeat=\"product products\">\\n        <td tal:content=\"product/name\"\\n            i18n:translate=\"\">Example product</td>\\n        <td tal:content=\"product/description\"\\n            i18n:translate=\"\">A nice description</td>\\n        <td tal:content=\"product/price\">1.23</td>\\n    </tr>\\n</table>\\nIf translations of the content are available, they are used.I don\\'t know very much about the , though.',\n",
       "      'Using scriptlets in JSPs is not a good practice.Instead, you can use:Please refer to: ',\n",
       "      'Sure, replace <%! counter++; %> by an event producer-consumer architecture, where the business layer is notified about the need to increment the counter, it reacts accordingly, and notifies the presenters so that they update the views. A number of database transactions are involved, since in future we will need to know the new and old value of the counter, who has incremented it and with what purpose in mind. Obviously serialization is involved, since the layers are entirely decoupled. You will be able to increment your counter over RMI, IIOP, SOAP. But only HTML is required, which you don\\'t implement, since it is such a mundane case. Your new goal is to reach 250 increments a second on your new shiny E7, 64GB RAM server.I have more than 20 years in programming, most of the projects fail before the sextet: Reusability Replaceability OO-ability Debuggability Testability Maintainability is even needed. Other projects, run by people who only cared about functionality, were extremely successful.  Also, stiff object structure, implemented too early in the project, makes the code unable to be adapted to the drastic changes in the specifications (aka agile).So I consider as procrastination the activity of defining \"layers\" or redundant data structures either early in the project or when not specifically required. \\xa0',\n",
       "      '.JSP was initially created for the purpose of the decoupling the business logic and the design logic, following the MVC pattern. So JSP is technically all Java code during runtime.But to answer the question,  are usually used for applying logic (removing Java code) to JSP pages.',\n",
       "      \"You can use tab library tags like  in addition to Expression Language (). But EL does not work well with JSP. So it's is probably better to drop JSP completely and use . is the first non JSP page declaration language designed for  which provided a simpler and more powerful programming model to JSF developers as compare to JSP. It resolves different issues occurs in JSP for web applications development.\",\n",
       "      'If we use the following things in a Java web application, Java code can be eliminated from the foreground of the JSP file.Use the MVC architecture for a web applicationUse JSP Tagsa. Standard Tagsb. Custom Tags',\n",
       "      'Using Scriptlets is a very old way and  recommended. If you want directly output something in your JSP pages, just use   along with .There are also other options, such as using a templating engine such as Velocity, Freemarker, Thymeleaf, etc. But using plain JSP with EL and JSTL serves my purpose most of the time and it also seems the simplest for a beginner.Also, take note that it is not a best practice to do business logic in the view layer. You should perform your business logic in the  layer,\\nand pass the output result to your views through a .',\n",
       "      'Use a Backbone.js or AngularJS-like JavaScript framework for UI design\\nand fetch the data using a REST API. This will remove the Java dependency from the UI completely.',\n",
       "      'Nothing of that is used anymore, my friend. My advice is to decouple the view (CSS, HTML, JavaScript, etc.) from the server.In my case, I do my systems handling the view with Angular and any data needed is brought from the server using REST services.Believe me, this will change the way you design.',\n",
       "      'JSP 2.0 has a feature called , and you can write tags without external Java code and tld. You need to create a .tag file and put it in WEB-INF\\\\tags. You can even create a directory structure to package your tags.For example:/WEB-INF/tags/html/label.tag\\n\\n<%@tag description=\"Rensders a label with required css class\" pageEncoding=\"UTF-8\"%>\\n<%@attribute name=\"name\" required=\"true\" description=\"The label\"%>\\n\\n<label class=\"control-label control-default\"  id=\"${name}Label\">${name}</label>\\nUse it like<%@ taglib prefix=\"h\" tagdir=\"/WEB-INF/tags/html\"%>\\n<h:label  name=\"customer name\" />\\nAlso, you can read the tag body easily:/WEB-INF/tags/html/bold.tag\\n<%@tag description=\"Bold tag\" pageEncoding=\"UTF-8\"%>\\n<b>\\n  <jsp:doBody/>\\n</b>\\nUse it:<%@ taglib prefix=\"h\" tagdir=\"/WEB-INF/tags/bold\"%>\\n<h:bold>Make me bold</h:bold>\\nThe samples are very simple, but you can do lots of complicated tasks here. Please consider you can use other tags (for example: JSTL which has controlling tags like if/forEcah/chosen text manipulation like format/contains/uppercase or even SQL tags select/update), pass all kind parameters, for example Hashmap, access session, request, ... in your tag file too. are so easy developed as you did not need to restart the server when changing them, like JSP files. This makes them easy for development.Even if you use a framework like Struts 2, which have lots of good tags, you may find that having your own tags can reduce your code a lot. You can pass your tag parameters to struts and this way customize your framework tag.You can use tags not only to avoid Java, but also minimize your HTML codes. I myself try to review HTML code and build tags a lot as soon as I see code duplicates start in my pages.(Even if you end up using Java in your JSP code, which I hope not, you can encapsulate that code in a tag.)',\n",
       "      'The good thing about this approach is that your code is also HTML like\\n  code!',\n",
       "      'As many answers says, use JSTL or create your own custom tags.  is a good explanation about creating custom tags.',\n",
       "      'By using JSTL tags together with EL expressions, you can avoid this. Put the following things in your JSP page:<%@ page contentType=\"text/html;charset=UTF-8\" language=\"java\" %>\\n<%@ taglib uri=\"http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core\" prefix=\"c\" %>\\n<%@ taglib uri=\"http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt\" prefix=\"fmt\" %>\\n',\n",
       "      'A lot of the answers here go the \"use a framework\" route. There\\'s zero wrong with that. However I don\\'t think it really answers your question, because frameworks may or may not use JSPs, nor are they designed in any way with removing java use in JSPs as a primary goal. \\nThe only good answer to your question \"how do I avoid using Java in a JSP\" is: you can\\'t.  That\\'s what JSPs are for - using Java to render HTML with dynamic data/logic.\\nThe follow up question might be, how much java should I use in my JSPs. Before we answer that question, you should also ponder, \"do I need to use JSPs to build web content using Java?\" The answer to that last one is, no. There are many alternatives to JSPs for developing web facing applications using Java. Struts for example does not force you to use JSPs - don\\'t get me wrong, you can use them and many implementations do, but you don\\'t absolutely have to. Struts doesn\\'t even force you to use any HTML. A JSP doesn\\'t either, but let\\'s be honest, a JSP producing no HTML is kinda weird. Servlets, famously, allow you to serve any kind of content you like over HTTP dynamically. They are  primary tech behind pretty much everything java web - JSPs are just HTML templates for servlets, really. \\nSo the answer to how much java you should put in a JSP is, \"as little as possible\". I of course have java in my JSPs, but it consists exclusively of tag library definitions, session and client variables, and beans encapsulating server side objects. The <%%> tags in my HTML are almost exclusively property calls or variable expressions. Rare exceptions include ultra-specific calculations pertaining to a single page and unlikely to ever be reused; bugfixes stemming from page-specific issues only applying to one page; last minute concatenations and arithmetic stemming from unusual requirements limited in scope to a single page; and other similar cases. In a code set of 1.5 million lines, 3000 JSPs and 5000 classes, there are maybe 100 instances of such unique snippets. It would have been quite possible to make these changes in classes or tag library definitions, but it would have been inordinately complex due to the specificity of each case, taken longer to write and debug, and taken more time as a result to get to my users. It\\'s a judgement call. But make no mistake, you cannot write JSPs of any meaning with \"no java\" nor would you want to. The capability is there for a reason.'],\n",
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       "      -0.010740348137915134,\n",
       "      -0.04723906144499779,\n",
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       "      0.004542687442153692,\n",
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       "      -0.03602863475680351,\n",
       "      -0.002034023404121399,\n",
       "      0.007911451160907745,\n",
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       "      -0.04146242514252663,\n",
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       "      0.05785096064209938,\n",
       "      0.03873717784881592,\n",
       "      0.07728198170661926,\n",
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       "      0.023845020681619644,\n",
       "      -0.018674541264772415,\n",
       "      -0.034289367496967316,\n",
       "      0.037185292690992355,\n",
       "      -0.00561387138441205,\n",
       "      -0.04487593099474907,\n",
       "      -0.043669361621141434,\n",
       "      0.0021573323756456375,\n",
       "      0.01451581809669733,\n",
       "      0.039408039301633835,\n",
       "      0.03250722587108612,\n",
       "      0.06964994966983795,\n",
       "      0.05634031072258949,\n",
       "      0.023287169635295868,\n",
       "      0.004673460498452187,\n",
       "      -0.02779155783355236,\n",
       "      -0.06349342316389084,\n",
       "      0.023641221225261688,\n",
       "      -0.026448549702763557,\n",
       "      -0.005783480126410723,\n",
       "      -0.01140794437378645,\n",
       "      0.00031505528022535145,\n",
       "      0.003824992571026087,\n",
       "      0.04638634994626045,\n",
       "      0.0428445003926754,\n",
       "      -0.04485001787543297,\n",
       "      0.028306996449828148,\n",
       "      -0.06195176765322685,\n",
       "      -0.0011507095769047737,\n",
       "      -0.04519534856081009,\n",
       "      0.06859095394611359,\n",
       "      -0.06347858905792236,\n",
       "      0.030438760295510292,\n",
       "      0.050380416214466095,\n",
       "      0.050359636545181274,\n",
       "      0.005085931159555912,\n",
       "      -0.05460653081536293]}}]}}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "res = es.search(index=\"test-database1\", body={\"query\": {\"match_all\": {}}})\n",
    "res\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "{'took': 14,\n",
       " 'timed_out': False,\n",
       " '_shards': {'total': 1, 'successful': 1, 'skipped': 0, 'failed': 0},\n",
       " 'hits': {'total': {'value': 203, 'relation': 'eq'},\n",
       "  'max_score': 26.255737,\n",
       "  'hits': [{'_index': 'stackoverflow3',\n",
       "    '_type': 'people',\n",
       "    '_id': 'w8-N53YBnF2Y8Y0cxzN6',\n",
       "    '_score': 26.255737,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to add JTable in JPanel with null layout?',\n",
       "     'details': 'I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "      'The Java Tutorial has comprehensive information on using layout managers. See the  lesson for further details.One aspect of layouts that is  covered well by the tutorial is that of nested layouts, putting one layout inside another to get complex effects.The following code puts a variety of components into a frame to demonstrate how to use nested layouts.  All the layouts that are explicitly set are shown as a titled-border for the panel on which they are used.Notable aspects of the code are:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nimport java.awt.*;\\nimport java.awt.image.BufferedImage;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionListener;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionEvent;\\nimport javax.swing.*;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\nimport javax.swing.border.TitledBorder;\\n\\n/** A short example of a nested layout that can change PLAF at runtime.\\nThe TitledBorder of each JPanel shows the layouts explicitly set.\\n@author Andrew Thompson\\n@version 2011-04-12 */\\nclass NestedLayoutExample {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n        Runnable r = new Runnable() {\\n\\n            public void run() {\\n                final JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Nested Layout Example\");\\n                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n\\n                final JPanel gui = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(5,5));\\n                gui.setBorder( new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(5,5)\") );\\n\\n                //JToolBar tb = new JToolBar();\\n                JPanel plafComponents = new JPanel(\\n                    new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3));\\n                plafComponents.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3)\") );\\n\\n                final UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] plafInfos =\\n                    UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();\\n                String[] plafNames = new String[plafInfos.length];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<plafInfos.length; ii++) {\\n                    plafNames[ii] = plafInfos[ii].getName();\\n                }\\n                final JComboBox plafChooser = new JComboBox(plafNames);\\n                plafComponents.add(plafChooser);\\n\\n                final JCheckBox pack = new JCheckBox(\"Pack on PLAF change\", true);\\n                plafComponents.add(pack);\\n\\n                plafChooser.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        int index = plafChooser.getSelectedIndex();\\n                        try {\\n                            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(\\n                                plafInfos[index].getClassName() );\\n                            SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(frame);\\n                            if (pack.isSelected()) {\\n                                frame.pack();\\n                                frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                            }\\n                        } catch(Exception e) {\\n                            e.printStackTrace();\\n                        }\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                gui.add(plafComponents, BorderLayout.NORTH);\\n\\n                JPanel dynamicLabels = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(4,4));\\n                dynamicLabels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(4,4)\") );\\n                gui.add(dynamicLabels, BorderLayout.WEST);\\n\\n                final JPanel labels = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,2,3,3));\\n                labels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridLayout(0,2,3,3)\") );\\n\\n                JButton addNew = new JButton(\"Add Another Label\");\\n                dynamicLabels.add( addNew, BorderLayout.NORTH );\\n                addNew.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n\\n                    private int labelCount = 0;\\n\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        labels.add( new JLabel(\"Label \" + ++labelCount) );\\n                        frame.validate();\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                dynamicLabels.add( new JScrollPane(labels), BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                String[] header = {\"Name\", \"Value\"};\\n                String[] a = new String[0];\\n                String[] names = System.getProperties().\\n                    stringPropertyNames().toArray(a);\\n                String[][] data = new String[names.length][2];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<names.length; ii++) {\\n                    data[ii][0] = names[ii];\\n                    data[ii][1] = System.getProperty(names[ii]);\\n                }\\n                DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(data, header);\\n                JTable table = new JTable(model);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    table.setAutoCreateRowSorter(true);\\n                } catch(Exception continuewithNoSort) {\\n                }\\n                JScrollPane tableScroll = new JScrollPane(table);\\n                Dimension tablePreferred = tableScroll.getPreferredSize();\\n                tableScroll.setPreferredSize(\\n                    new Dimension(tablePreferred.width, tablePreferred.height/3) );\\n\\n                JPanel imagePanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());\\n                imagePanel.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridBagLayout()\") );\\n\\n                BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(\\n                    200,200,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);\\n                Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();\\n                GradientPaint gp = new GradientPaint(\\n                    20f,20f,Color.red, 180f,180f,Color.yellow);\\n                g.setPaint(gp);\\n                g.fillRect(0,0,200,200);\\n                ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(bi);\\n                JLabel imageLabel = new JLabel(ii);\\n                imagePanel.add( imageLabel, null );\\n\\n                JSplitPane splitPane = new JSplitPane(\\n                    JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT,\\n                    tableScroll,\\n                    new JScrollPane(imagePanel));\\n                gui.add( splitPane, BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                frame.setContentPane(gui);\\n\\n                frame.pack();\\n\\n                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);\\n                    frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                } catch(Throwable ignoreAndContinue) {\\n                }\\n\\n                frame.setVisible(true);\\n            }\\n        };\\n        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);\\n    }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      \"Don't use a null layout.  Learn to use LayoutManagers:LayoutManagers allow you to properly handle things window resizing or dynamic component counts.  They might seem intimidating at first, but they are worth the effort to learn.\",\n",
       "      'As I can remember, the  layout means an absolute position so it will be pretty hard you to count the X point for your JTable left upper corner location. But if you just want to have all panel components one by one you can use FlowLayout() manager asJPanel panel=new JPanel(new FlowLayout());\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nor if you need to fill the panel you should use GridLayout() as...int x=2,y=2;\\nJPanel panel=new JPanel(new GridLayout(y,x));\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nGood luck',\n",
       "      \"If you are using null layout manager you always need to set the bounds of a component.\\nThat is the problem in your case.You should do what everyone suggest here and go and use some layout manager believe they save time.\\nGo and check out the tutorial in @jzd's post.Enjoy, Boro.\",\n",
       "      \"JTable should be added into the JScrollPane which actually should be added into the JPanel.The JPanel should have some layout manager.If you don't care about the precision of components size you can use pure BorderLayout and combine it with FlowLayout and GridLayout. if you need precision - use jgoodies FormLayout.The FormLayout is really tricky one, but you can play a little with WindowBuilder (which is embedded into Eclipse) and a look at the code it generates. It may look complicated but it is just an ignorance.Good luck. \",\n",
       "      'First, you should seriously consider other Layout managers, for example the BorderLayoutManager (new JPanel(new BorderLayout())) is a good start. Also when designing your dialog, remember that you can and should : one JPanel inside another JPanel (e.g. a GridLayout inside a BorderLayout). Please note: a \\'good\\' dialog should , so that if the user resizes your Frame, you want to automatically extend your information objects such as your table, and not show large areas of JPanel background. That\\'s something you cannot achieve with a NullLayout.But there are probably cases - somewhere in this big world - where a NullLayout is just the thing. So here\\'s an example:import java.awt.Dimension;\\nimport javax.swing.JFrame;\\nimport javax.swing.JPanel;\\nimport javax.swing.JScrollPane;\\nimport javax.swing.JTable;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\n\\npublic class JTableInNullLayout\\n{\\n  public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {\\n\\n      DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(\\n          new String[][] { { \"a\", \"123\"} , {\"b\", \"456\"} }, \\n          new String[] { \"name\", \"value\" } );\\n\\n      JTable t = new JTable(model);\\n\\n      JPanel panel = new JPanel(null);\\n\\n      JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane(t);\\n      scroll.setBounds( 0, 20, 150, 100 ); // x, y, width, height\\n      panel.add(scroll);\\n\\n      JFrame frame = new JFrame();\\n      frame.add(panel);\\n      frame.setPreferredSize( new Dimension(200,200));\\n      frame.pack();\\n      frame.setVisible(true);\\n  }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'When a component have a \"null\" layout, you have to manage the layout by yourself, that means you have to calculate the dimensions and locations for the children of the component to decide where they are drawn. Quite tedious unless it is absolutely necessary.If you really want that fine-grained control, maybe try GridBagLayout first before going mudding with the UI arrangement.',\n",
       "      'You can make use of the following code. To add JTable to JPanel.JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nthis.setContentPane(panel);\\npanel.setLayout(null);\\nString data[][] = {{\"1.\", \"ABC\"}, {\"2.\", \"DEF\"}, {\"3.\", \"GHI\" }};\\nString col[] = {\"Sr. No\", \"Name\"};\\nJTable table = new JTable(data,col);\\ntable.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 80);\\npanel.add(table);\\nsetVisible(true);\\nsetSize(300,300);\\n',\n",
       "      'JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nJTable table = new JTable(rowData, colData);\\nJScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\npanel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);\\npanel.setSize(800, 150);\\npanel.add(table);\\npanel.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\npanel.setVisible(true);\\nHope this helps.',\n",
       "      'JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Sample Frame\");\\nframe.setSize(600, 600);\\nframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n    JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\n        DefaultTableModel dfm = new DefaultTableModel(data, columnNames);\\n        JTable table = new JTable(dfm);\\n        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\n    panel.add(scrollPane);\\nframe.add(panel);\\nframe.setVisible(true);\\ntable model depends on your requirement',\n",
       "      'this.setTitle(\"Sample\");\\n        JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());\\n        WindowEvent we = new WindowEvent(this, WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSED);\\n        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {\\n            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we) {\\n                System.exit(0);\\n            }\\n        }); \\n        // Create columns names\\n        String columnNames[] = { \"FirstCol\", \"SecondCol\",\\n                \"ThirdCol\", \"FourthCol\" };\\n        dataModel = new DefaultTableModel();\\n        for (int col = 0; col < columnNames.length; col++) {\\n            dataModel.addColumn(columnNames[col]);\\n        }\\n        // Create a new table instance\\n        table = new JTable(dataModel);\\n        table.setPreferredScrollableViewportSize(new Dimension(200, 120));\\n        table.setFillsViewportHeight(true);\\n        table.setShowGrid(true);\\n        table.setAutoscrolls(true);\\n\\n        // Add the table to a scrolling pane\\n        scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table,\\n                JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED,\\n                JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED);\\n        scrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 700));\\n        JPanel jpResultPanel = new JPanel();\\n        jpResultPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(\\n                BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), \"Result\",\\n                TitledBorder.CENTER, TitledBorder.TOP));\\n        jpResultPanel.add(scrollPane);\\n        add(jpResultPanel);\\n        pack();\\n        setSize(720, 720);\\n        setVisible(true);\\nTry this.']}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'stackoverflow3',\n",
       "    '_type': 'people',\n",
       "    '_id': 'UnWV53YBZzWVFfUVFxev',\n",
       "    '_score': 26.255737,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to add JTable in JPanel with null layout?',\n",
       "     'details': 'I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "      'The Java Tutorial has comprehensive information on using layout managers. See the  lesson for further details.One aspect of layouts that is  covered well by the tutorial is that of nested layouts, putting one layout inside another to get complex effects.The following code puts a variety of components into a frame to demonstrate how to use nested layouts.  All the layouts that are explicitly set are shown as a titled-border for the panel on which they are used.Notable aspects of the code are:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nimport java.awt.*;\\nimport java.awt.image.BufferedImage;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionListener;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionEvent;\\nimport javax.swing.*;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\nimport javax.swing.border.TitledBorder;\\n\\n/** A short example of a nested layout that can change PLAF at runtime.\\nThe TitledBorder of each JPanel shows the layouts explicitly set.\\n@author Andrew Thompson\\n@version 2011-04-12 */\\nclass NestedLayoutExample {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n        Runnable r = new Runnable() {\\n\\n            public void run() {\\n                final JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Nested Layout Example\");\\n                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n\\n                final JPanel gui = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(5,5));\\n                gui.setBorder( new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(5,5)\") );\\n\\n                //JToolBar tb = new JToolBar();\\n                JPanel plafComponents = new JPanel(\\n                    new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3));\\n                plafComponents.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3)\") );\\n\\n                final UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] plafInfos =\\n                    UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();\\n                String[] plafNames = new String[plafInfos.length];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<plafInfos.length; ii++) {\\n                    plafNames[ii] = plafInfos[ii].getName();\\n                }\\n                final JComboBox plafChooser = new JComboBox(plafNames);\\n                plafComponents.add(plafChooser);\\n\\n                final JCheckBox pack = new JCheckBox(\"Pack on PLAF change\", true);\\n                plafComponents.add(pack);\\n\\n                plafChooser.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        int index = plafChooser.getSelectedIndex();\\n                        try {\\n                            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(\\n                                plafInfos[index].getClassName() );\\n                            SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(frame);\\n                            if (pack.isSelected()) {\\n                                frame.pack();\\n                                frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                            }\\n                        } catch(Exception e) {\\n                            e.printStackTrace();\\n                        }\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                gui.add(plafComponents, BorderLayout.NORTH);\\n\\n                JPanel dynamicLabels = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(4,4));\\n                dynamicLabels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(4,4)\") );\\n                gui.add(dynamicLabels, BorderLayout.WEST);\\n\\n                final JPanel labels = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,2,3,3));\\n                labels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridLayout(0,2,3,3)\") );\\n\\n                JButton addNew = new JButton(\"Add Another Label\");\\n                dynamicLabels.add( addNew, BorderLayout.NORTH );\\n                addNew.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n\\n                    private int labelCount = 0;\\n\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        labels.add( new JLabel(\"Label \" + ++labelCount) );\\n                        frame.validate();\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                dynamicLabels.add( new JScrollPane(labels), BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                String[] header = {\"Name\", \"Value\"};\\n                String[] a = new String[0];\\n                String[] names = System.getProperties().\\n                    stringPropertyNames().toArray(a);\\n                String[][] data = new String[names.length][2];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<names.length; ii++) {\\n                    data[ii][0] = names[ii];\\n                    data[ii][1] = System.getProperty(names[ii]);\\n                }\\n                DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(data, header);\\n                JTable table = new JTable(model);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    table.setAutoCreateRowSorter(true);\\n                } catch(Exception continuewithNoSort) {\\n                }\\n                JScrollPane tableScroll = new JScrollPane(table);\\n                Dimension tablePreferred = tableScroll.getPreferredSize();\\n                tableScroll.setPreferredSize(\\n                    new Dimension(tablePreferred.width, tablePreferred.height/3) );\\n\\n                JPanel imagePanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());\\n                imagePanel.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridBagLayout()\") );\\n\\n                BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(\\n                    200,200,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);\\n                Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();\\n                GradientPaint gp = new GradientPaint(\\n                    20f,20f,Color.red, 180f,180f,Color.yellow);\\n                g.setPaint(gp);\\n                g.fillRect(0,0,200,200);\\n                ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(bi);\\n                JLabel imageLabel = new JLabel(ii);\\n                imagePanel.add( imageLabel, null );\\n\\n                JSplitPane splitPane = new JSplitPane(\\n                    JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT,\\n                    tableScroll,\\n                    new JScrollPane(imagePanel));\\n                gui.add( splitPane, BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                frame.setContentPane(gui);\\n\\n                frame.pack();\\n\\n                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);\\n                    frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                } catch(Throwable ignoreAndContinue) {\\n                }\\n\\n                frame.setVisible(true);\\n            }\\n        };\\n        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);\\n    }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      \"Don't use a null layout.  Learn to use LayoutManagers:LayoutManagers allow you to properly handle things window resizing or dynamic component counts.  They might seem intimidating at first, but they are worth the effort to learn.\",\n",
       "      'As I can remember, the  layout means an absolute position so it will be pretty hard you to count the X point for your JTable left upper corner location. But if you just want to have all panel components one by one you can use FlowLayout() manager asJPanel panel=new JPanel(new FlowLayout());\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nor if you need to fill the panel you should use GridLayout() as...int x=2,y=2;\\nJPanel panel=new JPanel(new GridLayout(y,x));\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nGood luck',\n",
       "      \"If you are using null layout manager you always need to set the bounds of a component.\\nThat is the problem in your case.You should do what everyone suggest here and go and use some layout manager believe they save time.\\nGo and check out the tutorial in @jzd's post.Enjoy, Boro.\",\n",
       "      \"JTable should be added into the JScrollPane which actually should be added into the JPanel.The JPanel should have some layout manager.If you don't care about the precision of components size you can use pure BorderLayout and combine it with FlowLayout and GridLayout. if you need precision - use jgoodies FormLayout.The FormLayout is really tricky one, but you can play a little with WindowBuilder (which is embedded into Eclipse) and a look at the code it generates. It may look complicated but it is just an ignorance.Good luck. \",\n",
       "      'First, you should seriously consider other Layout managers, for example the BorderLayoutManager (new JPanel(new BorderLayout())) is a good start. Also when designing your dialog, remember that you can and should : one JPanel inside another JPanel (e.g. a GridLayout inside a BorderLayout). Please note: a \\'good\\' dialog should , so that if the user resizes your Frame, you want to automatically extend your information objects such as your table, and not show large areas of JPanel background. That\\'s something you cannot achieve with a NullLayout.But there are probably cases - somewhere in this big world - where a NullLayout is just the thing. So here\\'s an example:import java.awt.Dimension;\\nimport javax.swing.JFrame;\\nimport javax.swing.JPanel;\\nimport javax.swing.JScrollPane;\\nimport javax.swing.JTable;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\n\\npublic class JTableInNullLayout\\n{\\n  public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {\\n\\n      DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(\\n          new String[][] { { \"a\", \"123\"} , {\"b\", \"456\"} }, \\n          new String[] { \"name\", \"value\" } );\\n\\n      JTable t = new JTable(model);\\n\\n      JPanel panel = new JPanel(null);\\n\\n      JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane(t);\\n      scroll.setBounds( 0, 20, 150, 100 ); // x, y, width, height\\n      panel.add(scroll);\\n\\n      JFrame frame = new JFrame();\\n      frame.add(panel);\\n      frame.setPreferredSize( new Dimension(200,200));\\n      frame.pack();\\n      frame.setVisible(true);\\n  }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'When a component have a \"null\" layout, you have to manage the layout by yourself, that means you have to calculate the dimensions and locations for the children of the component to decide where they are drawn. Quite tedious unless it is absolutely necessary.If you really want that fine-grained control, maybe try GridBagLayout first before going mudding with the UI arrangement.',\n",
       "      'You can make use of the following code. To add JTable to JPanel.JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nthis.setContentPane(panel);\\npanel.setLayout(null);\\nString data[][] = {{\"1.\", \"ABC\"}, {\"2.\", \"DEF\"}, {\"3.\", \"GHI\" }};\\nString col[] = {\"Sr. No\", \"Name\"};\\nJTable table = new JTable(data,col);\\ntable.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 80);\\npanel.add(table);\\nsetVisible(true);\\nsetSize(300,300);\\n',\n",
       "      'JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nJTable table = new JTable(rowData, colData);\\nJScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\npanel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);\\npanel.setSize(800, 150);\\npanel.add(table);\\npanel.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\npanel.setVisible(true);\\nHope this helps.',\n",
       "      'JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Sample Frame\");\\nframe.setSize(600, 600);\\nframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n    JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\n        DefaultTableModel dfm = new DefaultTableModel(data, columnNames);\\n        JTable table = new JTable(dfm);\\n        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\n    panel.add(scrollPane);\\nframe.add(panel);\\nframe.setVisible(true);\\ntable model depends on your requirement',\n",
       "      'this.setTitle(\"Sample\");\\n        JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());\\n        WindowEvent we = new WindowEvent(this, WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSED);\\n        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {\\n            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we) {\\n                System.exit(0);\\n            }\\n        }); \\n        // Create columns names\\n        String columnNames[] = { \"FirstCol\", \"SecondCol\",\\n                \"ThirdCol\", \"FourthCol\" };\\n        dataModel = new DefaultTableModel();\\n        for (int col = 0; col < columnNames.length; col++) {\\n            dataModel.addColumn(columnNames[col]);\\n        }\\n        // Create a new table instance\\n        table = new JTable(dataModel);\\n        table.setPreferredScrollableViewportSize(new Dimension(200, 120));\\n        table.setFillsViewportHeight(true);\\n        table.setShowGrid(true);\\n        table.setAutoscrolls(true);\\n\\n        // Add the table to a scrolling pane\\n        scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table,\\n                JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED,\\n                JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED);\\n        scrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 700));\\n        JPanel jpResultPanel = new JPanel();\\n        jpResultPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(\\n                BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), \"Result\",\\n                TitledBorder.CENTER, TitledBorder.TOP));\\n        jpResultPanel.add(scrollPane);\\n        add(jpResultPanel);\\n        pack();\\n        setSize(720, 720);\\n        setVisible(true);\\nTry this.']}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'stackoverflow3',\n",
       "    '_type': 'people',\n",
       "    '_id': 'hHWb53YBZzWVFfUVlRcV',\n",
       "    '_score': 26.255737,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to add JTable in JPanel with null layout?',\n",
       "     'details': 'I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "      'The Java Tutorial has comprehensive information on using layout managers. See the  lesson for further details.One aspect of layouts that is  covered well by the tutorial is that of nested layouts, putting one layout inside another to get complex effects.The following code puts a variety of components into a frame to demonstrate how to use nested layouts.  All the layouts that are explicitly set are shown as a titled-border for the panel on which they are used.Notable aspects of the code are:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nimport java.awt.*;\\nimport java.awt.image.BufferedImage;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionListener;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionEvent;\\nimport javax.swing.*;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\nimport javax.swing.border.TitledBorder;\\n\\n/** A short example of a nested layout that can change PLAF at runtime.\\nThe TitledBorder of each JPanel shows the layouts explicitly set.\\n@author Andrew Thompson\\n@version 2011-04-12 */\\nclass NestedLayoutExample {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n        Runnable r = new Runnable() {\\n\\n            public void run() {\\n                final JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Nested Layout Example\");\\n                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n\\n                final JPanel gui = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(5,5));\\n                gui.setBorder( new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(5,5)\") );\\n\\n                //JToolBar tb = new JToolBar();\\n                JPanel plafComponents = new JPanel(\\n                    new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3));\\n                plafComponents.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3)\") );\\n\\n                final UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] plafInfos =\\n                    UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();\\n                String[] plafNames = new String[plafInfos.length];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<plafInfos.length; ii++) {\\n                    plafNames[ii] = plafInfos[ii].getName();\\n                }\\n                final JComboBox plafChooser = new JComboBox(plafNames);\\n                plafComponents.add(plafChooser);\\n\\n                final JCheckBox pack = new JCheckBox(\"Pack on PLAF change\", true);\\n                plafComponents.add(pack);\\n\\n                plafChooser.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        int index = plafChooser.getSelectedIndex();\\n                        try {\\n                            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(\\n                                plafInfos[index].getClassName() );\\n                            SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(frame);\\n                            if (pack.isSelected()) {\\n                                frame.pack();\\n                                frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                            }\\n                        } catch(Exception e) {\\n                            e.printStackTrace();\\n                        }\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                gui.add(plafComponents, BorderLayout.NORTH);\\n\\n                JPanel dynamicLabels = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(4,4));\\n                dynamicLabels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(4,4)\") );\\n                gui.add(dynamicLabels, BorderLayout.WEST);\\n\\n                final JPanel labels = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,2,3,3));\\n                labels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridLayout(0,2,3,3)\") );\\n\\n                JButton addNew = new JButton(\"Add Another Label\");\\n                dynamicLabels.add( addNew, BorderLayout.NORTH );\\n                addNew.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n\\n                    private int labelCount = 0;\\n\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        labels.add( new JLabel(\"Label \" + ++labelCount) );\\n                        frame.validate();\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                dynamicLabels.add( new JScrollPane(labels), BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                String[] header = {\"Name\", \"Value\"};\\n                String[] a = new String[0];\\n                String[] names = System.getProperties().\\n                    stringPropertyNames().toArray(a);\\n                String[][] data = new String[names.length][2];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<names.length; ii++) {\\n                    data[ii][0] = names[ii];\\n                    data[ii][1] = System.getProperty(names[ii]);\\n                }\\n                DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(data, header);\\n                JTable table = new JTable(model);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    table.setAutoCreateRowSorter(true);\\n                } catch(Exception continuewithNoSort) {\\n                }\\n                JScrollPane tableScroll = new JScrollPane(table);\\n                Dimension tablePreferred = tableScroll.getPreferredSize();\\n                tableScroll.setPreferredSize(\\n                    new Dimension(tablePreferred.width, tablePreferred.height/3) );\\n\\n                JPanel imagePanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());\\n                imagePanel.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridBagLayout()\") );\\n\\n                BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(\\n                    200,200,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);\\n                Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();\\n                GradientPaint gp = new GradientPaint(\\n                    20f,20f,Color.red, 180f,180f,Color.yellow);\\n                g.setPaint(gp);\\n                g.fillRect(0,0,200,200);\\n                ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(bi);\\n                JLabel imageLabel = new JLabel(ii);\\n                imagePanel.add( imageLabel, null );\\n\\n                JSplitPane splitPane = new JSplitPane(\\n                    JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT,\\n                    tableScroll,\\n                    new JScrollPane(imagePanel));\\n                gui.add( splitPane, BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                frame.setContentPane(gui);\\n\\n                frame.pack();\\n\\n                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);\\n                    frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                } catch(Throwable ignoreAndContinue) {\\n                }\\n\\n                frame.setVisible(true);\\n            }\\n        };\\n        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);\\n    }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      \"Don't use a null layout.  Learn to use LayoutManagers:LayoutManagers allow you to properly handle things window resizing or dynamic component counts.  They might seem intimidating at first, but they are worth the effort to learn.\",\n",
       "      'As I can remember, the  layout means an absolute position so it will be pretty hard you to count the X point for your JTable left upper corner location. But if you just want to have all panel components one by one you can use FlowLayout() manager asJPanel panel=new JPanel(new FlowLayout());\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nor if you need to fill the panel you should use GridLayout() as...int x=2,y=2;\\nJPanel panel=new JPanel(new GridLayout(y,x));\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nGood luck',\n",
       "      \"If you are using null layout manager you always need to set the bounds of a component.\\nThat is the problem in your case.You should do what everyone suggest here and go and use some layout manager believe they save time.\\nGo and check out the tutorial in @jzd's post.Enjoy, Boro.\",\n",
       "      \"JTable should be added into the JScrollPane which actually should be added into the JPanel.The JPanel should have some layout manager.If you don't care about the precision of components size you can use pure BorderLayout and combine it with FlowLayout and GridLayout. if you need precision - use jgoodies FormLayout.The FormLayout is really tricky one, but you can play a little with WindowBuilder (which is embedded into Eclipse) and a look at the code it generates. It may look complicated but it is just an ignorance.Good luck. \",\n",
       "      'First, you should seriously consider other Layout managers, for example the BorderLayoutManager (new JPanel(new BorderLayout())) is a good start. Also when designing your dialog, remember that you can and should : one JPanel inside another JPanel (e.g. a GridLayout inside a BorderLayout). Please note: a \\'good\\' dialog should , so that if the user resizes your Frame, you want to automatically extend your information objects such as your table, and not show large areas of JPanel background. That\\'s something you cannot achieve with a NullLayout.But there are probably cases - somewhere in this big world - where a NullLayout is just the thing. So here\\'s an example:import java.awt.Dimension;\\nimport javax.swing.JFrame;\\nimport javax.swing.JPanel;\\nimport javax.swing.JScrollPane;\\nimport javax.swing.JTable;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\n\\npublic class JTableInNullLayout\\n{\\n  public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {\\n\\n      DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(\\n          new String[][] { { \"a\", \"123\"} , {\"b\", \"456\"} }, \\n          new String[] { \"name\", \"value\" } );\\n\\n      JTable t = new JTable(model);\\n\\n      JPanel panel = new JPanel(null);\\n\\n      JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane(t);\\n      scroll.setBounds( 0, 20, 150, 100 ); // x, y, width, height\\n      panel.add(scroll);\\n\\n      JFrame frame = new JFrame();\\n      frame.add(panel);\\n      frame.setPreferredSize( new Dimension(200,200));\\n      frame.pack();\\n      frame.setVisible(true);\\n  }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'When a component have a \"null\" layout, you have to manage the layout by yourself, that means you have to calculate the dimensions and locations for the children of the component to decide where they are drawn. Quite tedious unless it is absolutely necessary.If you really want that fine-grained control, maybe try GridBagLayout first before going mudding with the UI arrangement.',\n",
       "      'You can make use of the following code. To add JTable to JPanel.JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nthis.setContentPane(panel);\\npanel.setLayout(null);\\nString data[][] = {{\"1.\", \"ABC\"}, {\"2.\", \"DEF\"}, {\"3.\", \"GHI\" }};\\nString col[] = {\"Sr. No\", \"Name\"};\\nJTable table = new JTable(data,col);\\ntable.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 80);\\npanel.add(table);\\nsetVisible(true);\\nsetSize(300,300);\\n',\n",
       "      'JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nJTable table = new JTable(rowData, colData);\\nJScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\npanel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);\\npanel.setSize(800, 150);\\npanel.add(table);\\npanel.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\npanel.setVisible(true);\\nHope this helps.',\n",
       "      'JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Sample Frame\");\\nframe.setSize(600, 600);\\nframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n    JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\n        DefaultTableModel dfm = new DefaultTableModel(data, columnNames);\\n        JTable table = new JTable(dfm);\\n        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\n    panel.add(scrollPane);\\nframe.add(panel);\\nframe.setVisible(true);\\ntable model depends on your requirement',\n",
       "      'this.setTitle(\"Sample\");\\n        JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());\\n        WindowEvent we = new WindowEvent(this, WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSED);\\n        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {\\n            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we) {\\n                System.exit(0);\\n            }\\n        }); \\n        // Create columns names\\n        String columnNames[] = { \"FirstCol\", \"SecondCol\",\\n                \"ThirdCol\", \"FourthCol\" };\\n        dataModel = new DefaultTableModel();\\n        for (int col = 0; col < columnNames.length; col++) {\\n            dataModel.addColumn(columnNames[col]);\\n        }\\n        // Create a new table instance\\n        table = new JTable(dataModel);\\n        table.setPreferredScrollableViewportSize(new Dimension(200, 120));\\n        table.setFillsViewportHeight(true);\\n        table.setShowGrid(true);\\n        table.setAutoscrolls(true);\\n\\n        // Add the table to a scrolling pane\\n        scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table,\\n                JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED,\\n                JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED);\\n        scrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 700));\\n        JPanel jpResultPanel = new JPanel();\\n        jpResultPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(\\n                BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), \"Result\",\\n                TitledBorder.CENTER, TitledBorder.TOP));\\n        jpResultPanel.add(scrollPane);\\n        add(jpResultPanel);\\n        pack();\\n        setSize(720, 720);\\n        setVisible(true);\\nTry this.']}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'stackoverflow3',\n",
       "    '_type': 'people',\n",
       "    '_id': 'tnWf53YBZzWVFfUVDxdv',\n",
       "    '_score': 26.255737,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to add JTable in JPanel with null layout?',\n",
       "     'details': 'I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "      'The Java Tutorial has comprehensive information on using layout managers. See the  lesson for further details.One aspect of layouts that is  covered well by the tutorial is that of nested layouts, putting one layout inside another to get complex effects.The following code puts a variety of components into a frame to demonstrate how to use nested layouts.  All the layouts that are explicitly set are shown as a titled-border for the panel on which they are used.Notable aspects of the code are:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nimport java.awt.*;\\nimport java.awt.image.BufferedImage;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionListener;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionEvent;\\nimport javax.swing.*;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\nimport javax.swing.border.TitledBorder;\\n\\n/** A short example of a nested layout that can change PLAF at runtime.\\nThe TitledBorder of each JPanel shows the layouts explicitly set.\\n@author Andrew Thompson\\n@version 2011-04-12 */\\nclass NestedLayoutExample {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n        Runnable r = new Runnable() {\\n\\n            public void run() {\\n                final JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Nested Layout Example\");\\n                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n\\n                final JPanel gui = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(5,5));\\n                gui.setBorder( new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(5,5)\") );\\n\\n                //JToolBar tb = new JToolBar();\\n                JPanel plafComponents = new JPanel(\\n                    new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3));\\n                plafComponents.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3)\") );\\n\\n                final UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] plafInfos =\\n                    UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();\\n                String[] plafNames = new String[plafInfos.length];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<plafInfos.length; ii++) {\\n                    plafNames[ii] = plafInfos[ii].getName();\\n                }\\n                final JComboBox plafChooser = new JComboBox(plafNames);\\n                plafComponents.add(plafChooser);\\n\\n                final JCheckBox pack = new JCheckBox(\"Pack on PLAF change\", true);\\n                plafComponents.add(pack);\\n\\n                plafChooser.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        int index = plafChooser.getSelectedIndex();\\n                        try {\\n                            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(\\n                                plafInfos[index].getClassName() );\\n                            SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(frame);\\n                            if (pack.isSelected()) {\\n                                frame.pack();\\n                                frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                            }\\n                        } catch(Exception e) {\\n                            e.printStackTrace();\\n                        }\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                gui.add(plafComponents, BorderLayout.NORTH);\\n\\n                JPanel dynamicLabels = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(4,4));\\n                dynamicLabels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(4,4)\") );\\n                gui.add(dynamicLabels, BorderLayout.WEST);\\n\\n                final JPanel labels = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,2,3,3));\\n                labels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridLayout(0,2,3,3)\") );\\n\\n                JButton addNew = new JButton(\"Add Another Label\");\\n                dynamicLabels.add( addNew, BorderLayout.NORTH );\\n                addNew.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n\\n                    private int labelCount = 0;\\n\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        labels.add( new JLabel(\"Label \" + ++labelCount) );\\n                        frame.validate();\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                dynamicLabels.add( new JScrollPane(labels), BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                String[] header = {\"Name\", \"Value\"};\\n                String[] a = new String[0];\\n                String[] names = System.getProperties().\\n                    stringPropertyNames().toArray(a);\\n                String[][] data = new String[names.length][2];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<names.length; ii++) {\\n                    data[ii][0] = names[ii];\\n                    data[ii][1] = System.getProperty(names[ii]);\\n                }\\n                DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(data, header);\\n                JTable table = new JTable(model);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    table.setAutoCreateRowSorter(true);\\n                } catch(Exception continuewithNoSort) {\\n                }\\n                JScrollPane tableScroll = new JScrollPane(table);\\n                Dimension tablePreferred = tableScroll.getPreferredSize();\\n                tableScroll.setPreferredSize(\\n                    new Dimension(tablePreferred.width, tablePreferred.height/3) );\\n\\n                JPanel imagePanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());\\n                imagePanel.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridBagLayout()\") );\\n\\n                BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(\\n                    200,200,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);\\n                Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();\\n                GradientPaint gp = new GradientPaint(\\n                    20f,20f,Color.red, 180f,180f,Color.yellow);\\n                g.setPaint(gp);\\n                g.fillRect(0,0,200,200);\\n                ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(bi);\\n                JLabel imageLabel = new JLabel(ii);\\n                imagePanel.add( imageLabel, null );\\n\\n                JSplitPane splitPane = new JSplitPane(\\n                    JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT,\\n                    tableScroll,\\n                    new JScrollPane(imagePanel));\\n                gui.add( splitPane, BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                frame.setContentPane(gui);\\n\\n                frame.pack();\\n\\n                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);\\n                    frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                } catch(Throwable ignoreAndContinue) {\\n                }\\n\\n                frame.setVisible(true);\\n            }\\n        };\\n        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);\\n    }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      \"Don't use a null layout.  Learn to use LayoutManagers:LayoutManagers allow you to properly handle things window resizing or dynamic component counts.  They might seem intimidating at first, but they are worth the effort to learn.\",\n",
       "      'As I can remember, the  layout means an absolute position so it will be pretty hard you to count the X point for your JTable left upper corner location. But if you just want to have all panel components one by one you can use FlowLayout() manager asJPanel panel=new JPanel(new FlowLayout());\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nor if you need to fill the panel you should use GridLayout() as...int x=2,y=2;\\nJPanel panel=new JPanel(new GridLayout(y,x));\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nGood luck',\n",
       "      \"If you are using null layout manager you always need to set the bounds of a component.\\nThat is the problem in your case.You should do what everyone suggest here and go and use some layout manager believe they save time.\\nGo and check out the tutorial in @jzd's post.Enjoy, Boro.\",\n",
       "      \"JTable should be added into the JScrollPane which actually should be added into the JPanel.The JPanel should have some layout manager.If you don't care about the precision of components size you can use pure BorderLayout and combine it with FlowLayout and GridLayout. if you need precision - use jgoodies FormLayout.The FormLayout is really tricky one, but you can play a little with WindowBuilder (which is embedded into Eclipse) and a look at the code it generates. It may look complicated but it is just an ignorance.Good luck. \",\n",
       "      'First, you should seriously consider other Layout managers, for example the BorderLayoutManager (new JPanel(new BorderLayout())) is a good start. Also when designing your dialog, remember that you can and should : one JPanel inside another JPanel (e.g. a GridLayout inside a BorderLayout). Please note: a \\'good\\' dialog should , so that if the user resizes your Frame, you want to automatically extend your information objects such as your table, and not show large areas of JPanel background. That\\'s something you cannot achieve with a NullLayout.But there are probably cases - somewhere in this big world - where a NullLayout is just the thing. So here\\'s an example:import java.awt.Dimension;\\nimport javax.swing.JFrame;\\nimport javax.swing.JPanel;\\nimport javax.swing.JScrollPane;\\nimport javax.swing.JTable;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\n\\npublic class JTableInNullLayout\\n{\\n  public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {\\n\\n      DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(\\n          new String[][] { { \"a\", \"123\"} , {\"b\", \"456\"} }, \\n          new String[] { \"name\", \"value\" } );\\n\\n      JTable t = new JTable(model);\\n\\n      JPanel panel = new JPanel(null);\\n\\n      JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane(t);\\n      scroll.setBounds( 0, 20, 150, 100 ); // x, y, width, height\\n      panel.add(scroll);\\n\\n      JFrame frame = new JFrame();\\n      frame.add(panel);\\n      frame.setPreferredSize( new Dimension(200,200));\\n      frame.pack();\\n      frame.setVisible(true);\\n  }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'When a component have a \"null\" layout, you have to manage the layout by yourself, that means you have to calculate the dimensions and locations for the children of the component to decide where they are drawn. Quite tedious unless it is absolutely necessary.If you really want that fine-grained control, maybe try GridBagLayout first before going mudding with the UI arrangement.',\n",
       "      'You can make use of the following code. To add JTable to JPanel.JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nthis.setContentPane(panel);\\npanel.setLayout(null);\\nString data[][] = {{\"1.\", \"ABC\"}, {\"2.\", \"DEF\"}, {\"3.\", \"GHI\" }};\\nString col[] = {\"Sr. No\", \"Name\"};\\nJTable table = new JTable(data,col);\\ntable.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 80);\\npanel.add(table);\\nsetVisible(true);\\nsetSize(300,300);\\n',\n",
       "      'JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nJTable table = new JTable(rowData, colData);\\nJScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\npanel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);\\npanel.setSize(800, 150);\\npanel.add(table);\\npanel.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\npanel.setVisible(true);\\nHope this helps.',\n",
       "      'JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Sample Frame\");\\nframe.setSize(600, 600);\\nframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n    JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\n        DefaultTableModel dfm = new DefaultTableModel(data, columnNames);\\n        JTable table = new JTable(dfm);\\n        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\n    panel.add(scrollPane);\\nframe.add(panel);\\nframe.setVisible(true);\\ntable model depends on your requirement',\n",
       "      'this.setTitle(\"Sample\");\\n        JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());\\n        WindowEvent we = new WindowEvent(this, WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSED);\\n        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {\\n            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we) {\\n                System.exit(0);\\n            }\\n        }); \\n        // Create columns names\\n        String columnNames[] = { \"FirstCol\", \"SecondCol\",\\n                \"ThirdCol\", \"FourthCol\" };\\n        dataModel = new DefaultTableModel();\\n        for (int col = 0; col < columnNames.length; col++) {\\n            dataModel.addColumn(columnNames[col]);\\n        }\\n        // Create a new table instance\\n        table = new JTable(dataModel);\\n        table.setPreferredScrollableViewportSize(new Dimension(200, 120));\\n        table.setFillsViewportHeight(true);\\n        table.setShowGrid(true);\\n        table.setAutoscrolls(true);\\n\\n        // Add the table to a scrolling pane\\n        scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table,\\n                JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED,\\n                JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED);\\n        scrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 700));\\n        JPanel jpResultPanel = new JPanel();\\n        jpResultPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(\\n                BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), \"Result\",\\n                TitledBorder.CENTER, TitledBorder.TOP));\\n        jpResultPanel.add(scrollPane);\\n        add(jpResultPanel);\\n        pack();\\n        setSize(720, 720);\\n        setVisible(true);\\nTry this.']}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'stackoverflow3',\n",
       "    '_type': 'people',\n",
       "    '_id': 'yBWi53YBoRqtwiwt677g',\n",
       "    '_score': 26.255737,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to add JTable in JPanel with null layout?',\n",
       "     'details': 'I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "      'The Java Tutorial has comprehensive information on using layout managers. See the  lesson for further details.One aspect of layouts that is  covered well by the tutorial is that of nested layouts, putting one layout inside another to get complex effects.The following code puts a variety of components into a frame to demonstrate how to use nested layouts.  All the layouts that are explicitly set are shown as a titled-border for the panel on which they are used.Notable aspects of the code are:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nimport java.awt.*;\\nimport java.awt.image.BufferedImage;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionListener;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionEvent;\\nimport javax.swing.*;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\nimport javax.swing.border.TitledBorder;\\n\\n/** A short example of a nested layout that can change PLAF at runtime.\\nThe TitledBorder of each JPanel shows the layouts explicitly set.\\n@author Andrew Thompson\\n@version 2011-04-12 */\\nclass NestedLayoutExample {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n        Runnable r = new Runnable() {\\n\\n            public void run() {\\n                final JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Nested Layout Example\");\\n                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n\\n                final JPanel gui = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(5,5));\\n                gui.setBorder( new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(5,5)\") );\\n\\n                //JToolBar tb = new JToolBar();\\n                JPanel plafComponents = new JPanel(\\n                    new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3));\\n                plafComponents.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3)\") );\\n\\n                final UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] plafInfos =\\n                    UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();\\n                String[] plafNames = new String[plafInfos.length];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<plafInfos.length; ii++) {\\n                    plafNames[ii] = plafInfos[ii].getName();\\n                }\\n                final JComboBox plafChooser = new JComboBox(plafNames);\\n                plafComponents.add(plafChooser);\\n\\n                final JCheckBox pack = new JCheckBox(\"Pack on PLAF change\", true);\\n                plafComponents.add(pack);\\n\\n                plafChooser.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        int index = plafChooser.getSelectedIndex();\\n                        try {\\n                            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(\\n                                plafInfos[index].getClassName() );\\n                            SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(frame);\\n                            if (pack.isSelected()) {\\n                                frame.pack();\\n                                frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                            }\\n                        } catch(Exception e) {\\n                            e.printStackTrace();\\n                        }\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                gui.add(plafComponents, BorderLayout.NORTH);\\n\\n                JPanel dynamicLabels = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(4,4));\\n                dynamicLabels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(4,4)\") );\\n                gui.add(dynamicLabels, BorderLayout.WEST);\\n\\n                final JPanel labels = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,2,3,3));\\n                labels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridLayout(0,2,3,3)\") );\\n\\n                JButton addNew = new JButton(\"Add Another Label\");\\n                dynamicLabels.add( addNew, BorderLayout.NORTH );\\n                addNew.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n\\n                    private int labelCount = 0;\\n\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        labels.add( new JLabel(\"Label \" + ++labelCount) );\\n                        frame.validate();\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                dynamicLabels.add( new JScrollPane(labels), BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                String[] header = {\"Name\", \"Value\"};\\n                String[] a = new String[0];\\n                String[] names = System.getProperties().\\n                    stringPropertyNames().toArray(a);\\n                String[][] data = new String[names.length][2];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<names.length; ii++) {\\n                    data[ii][0] = names[ii];\\n                    data[ii][1] = System.getProperty(names[ii]);\\n                }\\n                DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(data, header);\\n                JTable table = new JTable(model);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    table.setAutoCreateRowSorter(true);\\n                } catch(Exception continuewithNoSort) {\\n                }\\n                JScrollPane tableScroll = new JScrollPane(table);\\n                Dimension tablePreferred = tableScroll.getPreferredSize();\\n                tableScroll.setPreferredSize(\\n                    new Dimension(tablePreferred.width, tablePreferred.height/3) );\\n\\n                JPanel imagePanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());\\n                imagePanel.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridBagLayout()\") );\\n\\n                BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(\\n                    200,200,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);\\n                Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();\\n                GradientPaint gp = new GradientPaint(\\n                    20f,20f,Color.red, 180f,180f,Color.yellow);\\n                g.setPaint(gp);\\n                g.fillRect(0,0,200,200);\\n                ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(bi);\\n                JLabel imageLabel = new JLabel(ii);\\n                imagePanel.add( imageLabel, null );\\n\\n                JSplitPane splitPane = new JSplitPane(\\n                    JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT,\\n                    tableScroll,\\n                    new JScrollPane(imagePanel));\\n                gui.add( splitPane, BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                frame.setContentPane(gui);\\n\\n                frame.pack();\\n\\n                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);\\n                    frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                } catch(Throwable ignoreAndContinue) {\\n                }\\n\\n                frame.setVisible(true);\\n            }\\n        };\\n        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);\\n    }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      \"Don't use a null layout.  Learn to use LayoutManagers:LayoutManagers allow you to properly handle things window resizing or dynamic component counts.  They might seem intimidating at first, but they are worth the effort to learn.\",\n",
       "      'As I can remember, the  layout means an absolute position so it will be pretty hard you to count the X point for your JTable left upper corner location. But if you just want to have all panel components one by one you can use FlowLayout() manager asJPanel panel=new JPanel(new FlowLayout());\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nor if you need to fill the panel you should use GridLayout() as...int x=2,y=2;\\nJPanel panel=new JPanel(new GridLayout(y,x));\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nGood luck',\n",
       "      \"If you are using null layout manager you always need to set the bounds of a component.\\nThat is the problem in your case.You should do what everyone suggest here and go and use some layout manager believe they save time.\\nGo and check out the tutorial in @jzd's post.Enjoy, Boro.\",\n",
       "      \"JTable should be added into the JScrollPane which actually should be added into the JPanel.The JPanel should have some layout manager.If you don't care about the precision of components size you can use pure BorderLayout and combine it with FlowLayout and GridLayout. if you need precision - use jgoodies FormLayout.The FormLayout is really tricky one, but you can play a little with WindowBuilder (which is embedded into Eclipse) and a look at the code it generates. It may look complicated but it is just an ignorance.Good luck. \",\n",
       "      'First, you should seriously consider other Layout managers, for example the BorderLayoutManager (new JPanel(new BorderLayout())) is a good start. Also when designing your dialog, remember that you can and should : one JPanel inside another JPanel (e.g. a GridLayout inside a BorderLayout). Please note: a \\'good\\' dialog should , so that if the user resizes your Frame, you want to automatically extend your information objects such as your table, and not show large areas of JPanel background. That\\'s something you cannot achieve with a NullLayout.But there are probably cases - somewhere in this big world - where a NullLayout is just the thing. So here\\'s an example:import java.awt.Dimension;\\nimport javax.swing.JFrame;\\nimport javax.swing.JPanel;\\nimport javax.swing.JScrollPane;\\nimport javax.swing.JTable;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\n\\npublic class JTableInNullLayout\\n{\\n  public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {\\n\\n      DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(\\n          new String[][] { { \"a\", \"123\"} , {\"b\", \"456\"} }, \\n          new String[] { \"name\", \"value\" } );\\n\\n      JTable t = new JTable(model);\\n\\n      JPanel panel = new JPanel(null);\\n\\n      JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane(t);\\n      scroll.setBounds( 0, 20, 150, 100 ); // x, y, width, height\\n      panel.add(scroll);\\n\\n      JFrame frame = new JFrame();\\n      frame.add(panel);\\n      frame.setPreferredSize( new Dimension(200,200));\\n      frame.pack();\\n      frame.setVisible(true);\\n  }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'When a component have a \"null\" layout, you have to manage the layout by yourself, that means you have to calculate the dimensions and locations for the children of the component to decide where they are drawn. Quite tedious unless it is absolutely necessary.If you really want that fine-grained control, maybe try GridBagLayout first before going mudding with the UI arrangement.',\n",
       "      'You can make use of the following code. To add JTable to JPanel.JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nthis.setContentPane(panel);\\npanel.setLayout(null);\\nString data[][] = {{\"1.\", \"ABC\"}, {\"2.\", \"DEF\"}, {\"3.\", \"GHI\" }};\\nString col[] = {\"Sr. No\", \"Name\"};\\nJTable table = new JTable(data,col);\\ntable.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 80);\\npanel.add(table);\\nsetVisible(true);\\nsetSize(300,300);\\n',\n",
       "      'JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nJTable table = new JTable(rowData, colData);\\nJScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\npanel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);\\npanel.setSize(800, 150);\\npanel.add(table);\\npanel.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\npanel.setVisible(true);\\nHope this helps.',\n",
       "      'JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Sample Frame\");\\nframe.setSize(600, 600);\\nframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n    JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\n        DefaultTableModel dfm = new DefaultTableModel(data, columnNames);\\n        JTable table = new JTable(dfm);\\n        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\n    panel.add(scrollPane);\\nframe.add(panel);\\nframe.setVisible(true);\\ntable model depends on your requirement',\n",
       "      'this.setTitle(\"Sample\");\\n        JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());\\n        WindowEvent we = new WindowEvent(this, WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSED);\\n        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {\\n            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we) {\\n                System.exit(0);\\n            }\\n        }); \\n        // Create columns names\\n        String columnNames[] = { \"FirstCol\", \"SecondCol\",\\n                \"ThirdCol\", \"FourthCol\" };\\n        dataModel = new DefaultTableModel();\\n        for (int col = 0; col < columnNames.length; col++) {\\n            dataModel.addColumn(columnNames[col]);\\n        }\\n        // Create a new table instance\\n        table = new JTable(dataModel);\\n        table.setPreferredScrollableViewportSize(new Dimension(200, 120));\\n        table.setFillsViewportHeight(true);\\n        table.setShowGrid(true);\\n        table.setAutoscrolls(true);\\n\\n        // Add the table to a scrolling pane\\n        scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table,\\n                JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED,\\n                JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED);\\n        scrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 700));\\n        JPanel jpResultPanel = new JPanel();\\n        jpResultPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(\\n                BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), \"Result\",\\n                TitledBorder.CENTER, TitledBorder.TOP));\\n        jpResultPanel.add(scrollPane);\\n        add(jpResultPanel);\\n        pack();\\n        setSize(720, 720);\\n        setVisible(true);\\nTry this.']}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'stackoverflow3',\n",
       "    '_type': 'people',\n",
       "    '_id': 'beNt6nYBNmDsaZF4vA3J',\n",
       "    '_score': 26.255737,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to add JTable in JPanel with null layout?',\n",
       "     'details': 'I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "      'The Java Tutorial has comprehensive information on using layout managers. See the  lesson for further details.One aspect of layouts that is  covered well by the tutorial is that of nested layouts, putting one layout inside another to get complex effects.The following code puts a variety of components into a frame to demonstrate how to use nested layouts.  All the layouts that are explicitly set are shown as a titled-border for the panel on which they are used.Notable aspects of the code are:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nimport java.awt.*;\\nimport java.awt.image.BufferedImage;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionListener;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionEvent;\\nimport javax.swing.*;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\nimport javax.swing.border.TitledBorder;\\n\\n/** A short example of a nested layout that can change PLAF at runtime.\\nThe TitledBorder of each JPanel shows the layouts explicitly set.\\n@author Andrew Thompson\\n@version 2011-04-12 */\\nclass NestedLayoutExample {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n        Runnable r = new Runnable() {\\n\\n            public void run() {\\n                final JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Nested Layout Example\");\\n                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n\\n                final JPanel gui = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(5,5));\\n                gui.setBorder( new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(5,5)\") );\\n\\n                //JToolBar tb = new JToolBar();\\n                JPanel plafComponents = new JPanel(\\n                    new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3));\\n                plafComponents.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3)\") );\\n\\n                final UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] plafInfos =\\n                    UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();\\n                String[] plafNames = new String[plafInfos.length];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<plafInfos.length; ii++) {\\n                    plafNames[ii] = plafInfos[ii].getName();\\n                }\\n                final JComboBox plafChooser = new JComboBox(plafNames);\\n                plafComponents.add(plafChooser);\\n\\n                final JCheckBox pack = new JCheckBox(\"Pack on PLAF change\", true);\\n                plafComponents.add(pack);\\n\\n                plafChooser.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        int index = plafChooser.getSelectedIndex();\\n                        try {\\n                            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(\\n                                plafInfos[index].getClassName() );\\n                            SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(frame);\\n                            if (pack.isSelected()) {\\n                                frame.pack();\\n                                frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                            }\\n                        } catch(Exception e) {\\n                            e.printStackTrace();\\n                        }\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                gui.add(plafComponents, BorderLayout.NORTH);\\n\\n                JPanel dynamicLabels = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(4,4));\\n                dynamicLabels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(4,4)\") );\\n                gui.add(dynamicLabels, BorderLayout.WEST);\\n\\n                final JPanel labels = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,2,3,3));\\n                labels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridLayout(0,2,3,3)\") );\\n\\n                JButton addNew = new JButton(\"Add Another Label\");\\n                dynamicLabels.add( addNew, BorderLayout.NORTH );\\n                addNew.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n\\n                    private int labelCount = 0;\\n\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        labels.add( new JLabel(\"Label \" + ++labelCount) );\\n                        frame.validate();\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                dynamicLabels.add( new JScrollPane(labels), BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                String[] header = {\"Name\", \"Value\"};\\n                String[] a = new String[0];\\n                String[] names = System.getProperties().\\n                    stringPropertyNames().toArray(a);\\n                String[][] data = new String[names.length][2];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<names.length; ii++) {\\n                    data[ii][0] = names[ii];\\n                    data[ii][1] = System.getProperty(names[ii]);\\n                }\\n                DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(data, header);\\n                JTable table = new JTable(model);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    table.setAutoCreateRowSorter(true);\\n                } catch(Exception continuewithNoSort) {\\n                }\\n                JScrollPane tableScroll = new JScrollPane(table);\\n                Dimension tablePreferred = tableScroll.getPreferredSize();\\n                tableScroll.setPreferredSize(\\n                    new Dimension(tablePreferred.width, tablePreferred.height/3) );\\n\\n                JPanel imagePanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());\\n                imagePanel.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridBagLayout()\") );\\n\\n                BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(\\n                    200,200,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);\\n                Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();\\n                GradientPaint gp = new GradientPaint(\\n                    20f,20f,Color.red, 180f,180f,Color.yellow);\\n                g.setPaint(gp);\\n                g.fillRect(0,0,200,200);\\n                ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(bi);\\n                JLabel imageLabel = new JLabel(ii);\\n                imagePanel.add( imageLabel, null );\\n\\n                JSplitPane splitPane = new JSplitPane(\\n                    JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT,\\n                    tableScroll,\\n                    new JScrollPane(imagePanel));\\n                gui.add( splitPane, BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                frame.setContentPane(gui);\\n\\n                frame.pack();\\n\\n                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);\\n                    frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                } catch(Throwable ignoreAndContinue) {\\n                }\\n\\n                frame.setVisible(true);\\n            }\\n        };\\n        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);\\n    }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      \"Don't use a null layout.  Learn to use LayoutManagers:LayoutManagers allow you to properly handle things window resizing or dynamic component counts.  They might seem intimidating at first, but they are worth the effort to learn.\",\n",
       "      'As I can remember, the  layout means an absolute position so it will be pretty hard you to count the X point for your JTable left upper corner location. But if you just want to have all panel components one by one you can use FlowLayout() manager asJPanel panel=new JPanel(new FlowLayout());\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nor if you need to fill the panel you should use GridLayout() as...int x=2,y=2;\\nJPanel panel=new JPanel(new GridLayout(y,x));\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nGood luck',\n",
       "      \"If you are using null layout manager you always need to set the bounds of a component.\\nThat is the problem in your case.You should do what everyone suggest here and go and use some layout manager believe they save time.\\nGo and check out the tutorial in @jzd's post.Enjoy, Boro.\",\n",
       "      \"JTable should be added into the JScrollPane which actually should be added into the JPanel.The JPanel should have some layout manager.If you don't care about the precision of components size you can use pure BorderLayout and combine it with FlowLayout and GridLayout. if you need precision - use jgoodies FormLayout.The FormLayout is really tricky one, but you can play a little with WindowBuilder (which is embedded into Eclipse) and a look at the code it generates. It may look complicated but it is just an ignorance.Good luck. \",\n",
       "      'First, you should seriously consider other Layout managers, for example the BorderLayoutManager (new JPanel(new BorderLayout())) is a good start. Also when designing your dialog, remember that you can and should : one JPanel inside another JPanel (e.g. a GridLayout inside a BorderLayout). Please note: a \\'good\\' dialog should , so that if the user resizes your Frame, you want to automatically extend your information objects such as your table, and not show large areas of JPanel background. That\\'s something you cannot achieve with a NullLayout.But there are probably cases - somewhere in this big world - where a NullLayout is just the thing. So here\\'s an example:import java.awt.Dimension;\\nimport javax.swing.JFrame;\\nimport javax.swing.JPanel;\\nimport javax.swing.JScrollPane;\\nimport javax.swing.JTable;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\n\\npublic class JTableInNullLayout\\n{\\n  public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {\\n\\n      DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(\\n          new String[][] { { \"a\", \"123\"} , {\"b\", \"456\"} }, \\n          new String[] { \"name\", \"value\" } );\\n\\n      JTable t = new JTable(model);\\n\\n      JPanel panel = new JPanel(null);\\n\\n      JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane(t);\\n      scroll.setBounds( 0, 20, 150, 100 ); // x, y, width, height\\n      panel.add(scroll);\\n\\n      JFrame frame = new JFrame();\\n      frame.add(panel);\\n      frame.setPreferredSize( new Dimension(200,200));\\n      frame.pack();\\n      frame.setVisible(true);\\n  }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'When a component have a \"null\" layout, you have to manage the layout by yourself, that means you have to calculate the dimensions and locations for the children of the component to decide where they are drawn. Quite tedious unless it is absolutely necessary.If you really want that fine-grained control, maybe try GridBagLayout first before going mudding with the UI arrangement.',\n",
       "      'You can make use of the following code. To add JTable to JPanel.JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nthis.setContentPane(panel);\\npanel.setLayout(null);\\nString data[][] = {{\"1.\", \"ABC\"}, {\"2.\", \"DEF\"}, {\"3.\", \"GHI\" }};\\nString col[] = {\"Sr. No\", \"Name\"};\\nJTable table = new JTable(data,col);\\ntable.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 80);\\npanel.add(table);\\nsetVisible(true);\\nsetSize(300,300);\\n',\n",
       "      'JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nJTable table = new JTable(rowData, colData);\\nJScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\npanel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);\\npanel.setSize(800, 150);\\npanel.add(table);\\npanel.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\npanel.setVisible(true);\\nHope this helps.',\n",
       "      'JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Sample Frame\");\\nframe.setSize(600, 600);\\nframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n    JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\n        DefaultTableModel dfm = new DefaultTableModel(data, columnNames);\\n        JTable table = new JTable(dfm);\\n        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\n    panel.add(scrollPane);\\nframe.add(panel);\\nframe.setVisible(true);\\ntable model depends on your requirement',\n",
       "      'this.setTitle(\"Sample\");\\n        JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());\\n        WindowEvent we = new WindowEvent(this, WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSED);\\n        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {\\n            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we) {\\n                System.exit(0);\\n            }\\n        }); \\n        // Create columns names\\n        String columnNames[] = { \"FirstCol\", \"SecondCol\",\\n                \"ThirdCol\", \"FourthCol\" };\\n        dataModel = new DefaultTableModel();\\n        for (int col = 0; col < columnNames.length; col++) {\\n            dataModel.addColumn(columnNames[col]);\\n        }\\n        // Create a new table instance\\n        table = new JTable(dataModel);\\n        table.setPreferredScrollableViewportSize(new Dimension(200, 120));\\n        table.setFillsViewportHeight(true);\\n        table.setShowGrid(true);\\n        table.setAutoscrolls(true);\\n\\n        // Add the table to a scrolling pane\\n        scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table,\\n                JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED,\\n                JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED);\\n        scrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 700));\\n        JPanel jpResultPanel = new JPanel();\\n        jpResultPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(\\n                BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), \"Result\",\\n                TitledBorder.CENTER, TitledBorder.TOP));\\n        jpResultPanel.add(scrollPane);\\n        add(jpResultPanel);\\n        pack();\\n        setSize(720, 720);\\n        setVisible(true);\\nTry this.']}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'stackoverflow3',\n",
       "    '_type': 'people',\n",
       "    '_id': 'n-Nw6nYBNmDsaZF4tA3f',\n",
       "    '_score': 26.255737,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to add JTable in JPanel with null layout?',\n",
       "     'details': 'I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I want to add JTable into JPanel whose layout is null.  JPanel contains other components. I have to add JTable at proper position.',\n",
       "      'The Java Tutorial has comprehensive information on using layout managers. See the  lesson for further details.One aspect of layouts that is  covered well by the tutorial is that of nested layouts, putting one layout inside another to get complex effects.The following code puts a variety of components into a frame to demonstrate how to use nested layouts.  All the layouts that are explicitly set are shown as a titled-border for the panel on which they are used.Notable aspects of the code are:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nimport java.awt.*;\\nimport java.awt.image.BufferedImage;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionListener;\\nimport java.awt.event.ActionEvent;\\nimport javax.swing.*;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\nimport javax.swing.border.TitledBorder;\\n\\n/** A short example of a nested layout that can change PLAF at runtime.\\nThe TitledBorder of each JPanel shows the layouts explicitly set.\\n@author Andrew Thompson\\n@version 2011-04-12 */\\nclass NestedLayoutExample {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n        Runnable r = new Runnable() {\\n\\n            public void run() {\\n                final JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Nested Layout Example\");\\n                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n\\n                final JPanel gui = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(5,5));\\n                gui.setBorder( new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(5,5)\") );\\n\\n                //JToolBar tb = new JToolBar();\\n                JPanel plafComponents = new JPanel(\\n                    new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3));\\n                plafComponents.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT, 3,3)\") );\\n\\n                final UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] plafInfos =\\n                    UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();\\n                String[] plafNames = new String[plafInfos.length];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<plafInfos.length; ii++) {\\n                    plafNames[ii] = plafInfos[ii].getName();\\n                }\\n                final JComboBox plafChooser = new JComboBox(plafNames);\\n                plafComponents.add(plafChooser);\\n\\n                final JCheckBox pack = new JCheckBox(\"Pack on PLAF change\", true);\\n                plafComponents.add(pack);\\n\\n                plafChooser.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        int index = plafChooser.getSelectedIndex();\\n                        try {\\n                            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(\\n                                plafInfos[index].getClassName() );\\n                            SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(frame);\\n                            if (pack.isSelected()) {\\n                                frame.pack();\\n                                frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                            }\\n                        } catch(Exception e) {\\n                            e.printStackTrace();\\n                        }\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                gui.add(plafComponents, BorderLayout.NORTH);\\n\\n                JPanel dynamicLabels = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(4,4));\\n                dynamicLabels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"BorderLayout(4,4)\") );\\n                gui.add(dynamicLabels, BorderLayout.WEST);\\n\\n                final JPanel labels = new JPanel(new GridLayout(0,2,3,3));\\n                labels.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridLayout(0,2,3,3)\") );\\n\\n                JButton addNew = new JButton(\"Add Another Label\");\\n                dynamicLabels.add( addNew, BorderLayout.NORTH );\\n                addNew.addActionListener( new ActionListener(){\\n\\n                    private int labelCount = 0;\\n\\n                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {\\n                        labels.add( new JLabel(\"Label \" + ++labelCount) );\\n                        frame.validate();\\n                    }\\n                } );\\n\\n                dynamicLabels.add( new JScrollPane(labels), BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                String[] header = {\"Name\", \"Value\"};\\n                String[] a = new String[0];\\n                String[] names = System.getProperties().\\n                    stringPropertyNames().toArray(a);\\n                String[][] data = new String[names.length][2];\\n                for (int ii=0; ii<names.length; ii++) {\\n                    data[ii][0] = names[ii];\\n                    data[ii][1] = System.getProperty(names[ii]);\\n                }\\n                DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(data, header);\\n                JTable table = new JTable(model);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    table.setAutoCreateRowSorter(true);\\n                } catch(Exception continuewithNoSort) {\\n                }\\n                JScrollPane tableScroll = new JScrollPane(table);\\n                Dimension tablePreferred = tableScroll.getPreferredSize();\\n                tableScroll.setPreferredSize(\\n                    new Dimension(tablePreferred.width, tablePreferred.height/3) );\\n\\n                JPanel imagePanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());\\n                imagePanel.setBorder(\\n                    new TitledBorder(\"GridBagLayout()\") );\\n\\n                BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(\\n                    200,200,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);\\n                Graphics2D g = bi.createGraphics();\\n                GradientPaint gp = new GradientPaint(\\n                    20f,20f,Color.red, 180f,180f,Color.yellow);\\n                g.setPaint(gp);\\n                g.fillRect(0,0,200,200);\\n                ImageIcon ii = new ImageIcon(bi);\\n                JLabel imageLabel = new JLabel(ii);\\n                imagePanel.add( imageLabel, null );\\n\\n                JSplitPane splitPane = new JSplitPane(\\n                    JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT,\\n                    tableScroll,\\n                    new JScrollPane(imagePanel));\\n                gui.add( splitPane, BorderLayout.CENTER );\\n\\n                frame.setContentPane(gui);\\n\\n                frame.pack();\\n\\n                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\n                try {\\n                    // 1.6+\\n                    frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);\\n                    frame.setMinimumSize(frame.getSize());\\n                } catch(Throwable ignoreAndContinue) {\\n                }\\n\\n                frame.setVisible(true);\\n            }\\n        };\\n        SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);\\n    }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      \"Don't use a null layout.  Learn to use LayoutManagers:LayoutManagers allow you to properly handle things window resizing or dynamic component counts.  They might seem intimidating at first, but they are worth the effort to learn.\",\n",
       "      'As I can remember, the  layout means an absolute position so it will be pretty hard you to count the X point for your JTable left upper corner location. But if you just want to have all panel components one by one you can use FlowLayout() manager asJPanel panel=new JPanel(new FlowLayout());\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nor if you need to fill the panel you should use GridLayout() as...int x=2,y=2;\\nJPanel panel=new JPanel(new GridLayout(y,x));\\npanel.add(new aComponent());\\npanel.add(new bComponent());\\npanel.add(new JTable());\\nGood luck',\n",
       "      \"If you are using null layout manager you always need to set the bounds of a component.\\nThat is the problem in your case.You should do what everyone suggest here and go and use some layout manager believe they save time.\\nGo and check out the tutorial in @jzd's post.Enjoy, Boro.\",\n",
       "      \"JTable should be added into the JScrollPane which actually should be added into the JPanel.The JPanel should have some layout manager.If you don't care about the precision of components size you can use pure BorderLayout and combine it with FlowLayout and GridLayout. if you need precision - use jgoodies FormLayout.The FormLayout is really tricky one, but you can play a little with WindowBuilder (which is embedded into Eclipse) and a look at the code it generates. It may look complicated but it is just an ignorance.Good luck. \",\n",
       "      'First, you should seriously consider other Layout managers, for example the BorderLayoutManager (new JPanel(new BorderLayout())) is a good start. Also when designing your dialog, remember that you can and should : one JPanel inside another JPanel (e.g. a GridLayout inside a BorderLayout). Please note: a \\'good\\' dialog should , so that if the user resizes your Frame, you want to automatically extend your information objects such as your table, and not show large areas of JPanel background. That\\'s something you cannot achieve with a NullLayout.But there are probably cases - somewhere in this big world - where a NullLayout is just the thing. So here\\'s an example:import java.awt.Dimension;\\nimport javax.swing.JFrame;\\nimport javax.swing.JPanel;\\nimport javax.swing.JScrollPane;\\nimport javax.swing.JTable;\\nimport javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;\\n\\npublic class JTableInNullLayout\\n{\\n  public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {\\n\\n      DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(\\n          new String[][] { { \"a\", \"123\"} , {\"b\", \"456\"} }, \\n          new String[] { \"name\", \"value\" } );\\n\\n      JTable t = new JTable(model);\\n\\n      JPanel panel = new JPanel(null);\\n\\n      JScrollPane scroll = new JScrollPane(t);\\n      scroll.setBounds( 0, 20, 150, 100 ); // x, y, width, height\\n      panel.add(scroll);\\n\\n      JFrame frame = new JFrame();\\n      frame.add(panel);\\n      frame.setPreferredSize( new Dimension(200,200));\\n      frame.pack();\\n      frame.setVisible(true);\\n  }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'When a component have a \"null\" layout, you have to manage the layout by yourself, that means you have to calculate the dimensions and locations for the children of the component to decide where they are drawn. Quite tedious unless it is absolutely necessary.If you really want that fine-grained control, maybe try GridBagLayout first before going mudding with the UI arrangement.',\n",
       "      'You can make use of the following code. To add JTable to JPanel.JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nthis.setContentPane(panel);\\npanel.setLayout(null);\\nString data[][] = {{\"1.\", \"ABC\"}, {\"2.\", \"DEF\"}, {\"3.\", \"GHI\" }};\\nString col[] = {\"Sr. No\", \"Name\"};\\nJTable table = new JTable(data,col);\\ntable.setBounds(100, 100, 100, 80);\\npanel.add(table);\\nsetVisible(true);\\nsetSize(300,300);\\n',\n",
       "      'JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\nJTable table = new JTable(rowData, colData);\\nJScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\npanel.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);\\npanel.setSize(800, 150);\\npanel.add(table);\\npanel.setLocationRelativeTo(null);\\npanel.setVisible(true);\\nHope this helps.',\n",
       "      'JFrame frame = new JFrame(\"Sample Frame\");\\nframe.setSize(600, 600);\\nframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);\\n    JPanel panel = new JPanel();\\n        DefaultTableModel dfm = new DefaultTableModel(data, columnNames);\\n        JTable table = new JTable(dfm);\\n        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table);\\n    panel.add(scrollPane);\\nframe.add(panel);\\nframe.setVisible(true);\\ntable model depends on your requirement',\n",
       "      'this.setTitle(\"Sample\");\\n        JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());\\n        WindowEvent we = new WindowEvent(this, WindowEvent.WINDOW_CLOSED);\\n        this.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {\\n            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent we) {\\n                System.exit(0);\\n            }\\n        }); \\n        // Create columns names\\n        String columnNames[] = { \"FirstCol\", \"SecondCol\",\\n                \"ThirdCol\", \"FourthCol\" };\\n        dataModel = new DefaultTableModel();\\n        for (int col = 0; col < columnNames.length; col++) {\\n            dataModel.addColumn(columnNames[col]);\\n        }\\n        // Create a new table instance\\n        table = new JTable(dataModel);\\n        table.setPreferredScrollableViewportSize(new Dimension(200, 120));\\n        table.setFillsViewportHeight(true);\\n        table.setShowGrid(true);\\n        table.setAutoscrolls(true);\\n\\n        // Add the table to a scrolling pane\\n        scrollPane = new JScrollPane(table,\\n                JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED,\\n                JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED);\\n        scrollPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(700, 700));\\n        JPanel jpResultPanel = new JPanel();\\n        jpResultPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(\\n                BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), \"Result\",\\n                TitledBorder.CENTER, TitledBorder.TOP));\\n        jpResultPanel.add(scrollPane);\\n        add(jpResultPanel);\\n        pack();\\n        setSize(720, 720);\\n        setVisible(true);\\nTry this.']}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'stackoverflow3',\n",
       "    '_type': 'people',\n",
       "    '_id': '1M-N53YBnF2Y8Y0cxzN8',\n",
       "    '_score': 4.501055,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to parse JSON in Java',\n",
       "     'details': 'I have the following JSON text. How can I parse it to get the values of pageName, pagePic, post_id, etc.?{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\n',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I have the following JSON text. How can I parse it to get the values of pageName, pagePic, post_id, etc.?{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'The  library is easy to use. Example code below:import org.json.*;\\n\\nString jsonString = ... ; //assign your JSON String here\\nJSONObject obj = new JSONObject(jsonString);\\nString pageName = obj.getJSONObject(\"pageInfo\").getString(\"pageName\");\\n\\nJSONArray arr = obj.getJSONArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++)\\n{\\n    String post_id = arr.getJSONObject(i).getString(\"post_id\");\\n    ......\\n}\\nYou may find more examples from: Downloadable jar:  ',\n",
       "      'For the sake of the example lets assume you have a class Person with just a name.private class Person {\\n    public String name;\\n\\n    public Person(String name) {\\n        this.name = name;\\n    }\\n}\\nMy personal favourite as to the great JSON serialisation / de-serialisation of objects.Gson g = new Gson();\\n\\nPerson person = g.fromJson(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\", Person.class);\\nSystem.out.println(person.name); //John\\n\\nSystem.out.println(g.toJson(person)); // {\"name\":\"John\"}\\nIf you want to get a single attribute out you can do it easily with the Google library as well:JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonParser().parse(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\").getAsJsonObject();\\n\\nSystem.out.println(jsonObject.get(\"name\").getAsString()); //John\\nIf you don\\'t need object de-serialisation but to simply get an attribute, you can try org.json ()JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\");\\n\\nSystem.out.println(obj.getString(\"name\")); //John\\nObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();\\nPerson user = mapper.readValue(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\", Person.class);\\n\\nSystem.out.println(user.name); //John\\n',\n",
       "      'If one wants to create Java object from JSON and vice versa, use GSON or JACKSON third party jars etc.//from object to JSON \\nGson gson = new Gson();\\ngson.toJson(yourObject);\\n\\n// from JSON to object \\nyourObject o = gson.fromJson(JSONString,yourObject.class);\\nBut if one just want to parse a JSON string and get some values, (OR create a JSON string from scratch to send over wire) just use JaveEE jar which contains JsonReader, JsonArray, JsonObject etc. You may want to download the implementation of that spec like javax.json. With these two jars I am able to parse the json and use the values.  These APIs actually follow the DOM/SAX parsing model of XML.       Response response = request.get(); // REST call \\n    JsonReader jsonReader = Json.createReader(new StringReader(response.readEntity(String.class)));\\n    JsonArray jsonArray = jsonReader.readArray();\\n    ListIterator l = jsonArray.listIterator();\\n    while ( l.hasNext() ) {\\n          JsonObject j = (JsonObject)l.next();\\n          JsonObject ciAttr = j.getJsonObject(\"ciAttributes\");\\n',\n",
       "      ' is very straightforward, flexible, very fast and customizable. Try itFeatures:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nIt can be used like this:JsonParserFactory factory=JsonParserFactory.getInstance();\\nJSONParser parser=factory.newJsonParser();\\nMap jsonMap=parser.parseJson(jsonString);\\n',\n",
       "      'You could use .Using this library you only need to create a model with the same JSON structure. Then the model is automatically filled in. You have to call your variables as your JSON keys, or use @SerializedName if you want to use different names.From your example:{\\n    \"pageInfo\": {\\n        \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n        \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n    \"posts\": [\\n        {\\n            \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n            \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n            \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n            \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n            \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n            \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n            \"comments\": [],\\n            \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n        }\\n    ]\\n}\\nclass MyModel {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private ArrayList<Post> posts = new ArrayList<>();\\n}\\n\\nclass PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n}\\n\\nclass Post {\\n\\n    private String post_id;\\n\\n    @SerializedName(\"actor_id\") // <- example SerializedName\\n    private String actorId;\\n\\n    private String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String message;\\n    private String likesCount;\\n    private ArrayList<String> comments;\\n    private String timeOfPost;\\n}\\nNow you can parse using Gson library:MyModel model = gson.fromJson(jsonString, MyModel.class);\\nRemember to import the library in the app Gradle fileimplementation \\'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6\\' // or earlier versions\\nYou can generate model from JSON automatically using online tools like .',\n",
       "      'Almost all the answers given requires a full deserialization of the JSON into a Java object before accessing the value in the property of interest. Another alternative, which does not go this route is to use  which is like XPath for JSON and allows traversing of JSON objects.It is a specification and the good folks at JayWay have created a Java implementation for the specification which you can find here: So basically to use it, add it to your project, eg:<dependency>\\n    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n    <version>${version}</version>\\n</dependency>\\nand to use:String pageName = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pageInfo.pageName\");\\nString pagePic = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pageInfo.pagePic\");\\nString post_id = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pagePosts[0].post_id\");\\netc...Check the JsonPath specification page for more information on the other ways to transverse JSON.',\n",
       "      'You can use  libraries, for binding JSON String into  () instances. POJO is simply a class with only private fields and public getter/setter methods. Jackson is going to traverse the methods (using ), and maps the JSON object into the POJO instance as the field names of the class fits to the field names of the JSON object.In your JSON object, which is actually a  object, the main object consists o two sub-objects. So, our POJO classes should have the same hierarchy. I\\'ll call the whole JSON Object as  object.  object consist of a  object, and a  object array.So we have to create three different POJO classes;\\n\\n\\n\\nThe only package I\\'ve used is Jackson ObjectMapper, what we do is binding data;com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper\\nThe required dependencies, the jar files is listed below;\\n\\n\\n\\nHere is the required code;package com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class Page {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private Post[] posts;\\n\\n    public PageInfo getPageInfo() {\\n        return pageInfo;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPageInfo(PageInfo pageInfo) {\\n        this.pageInfo = pageInfo;\\n    }\\n\\n    public Post[] getPosts() {\\n        return posts;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPosts(Post[] posts) {\\n        this.posts = posts;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n\\n    public String getPageName() {\\n        return pageName;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPageName(String pageName) {\\n        this.pageName = pageName;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getPagePic() {\\n        return pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPagePic(String pagePic) {\\n        this.pagePic = pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class Post {\\n\\n    private String post_id;\\n    private String actor_id;\\n    private String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String message;\\n    private int likesCount;\\n    private String[] comments;\\n    private int timeOfPost;\\n\\n    public String getPost_id() {\\n        return post_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPost_id(String post_id) {\\n        this.post_id = post_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getActor_id() {\\n        return actor_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setActor_id(String actor_id) {\\n        this.actor_id = actor_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getPicOfPersonWhoPosted() {\\n        return picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPicOfPersonWhoPosted(String picOfPersonWhoPosted) {\\n        this.picOfPersonWhoPosted = picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getNameOfPersonWhoPosted() {\\n        return nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setNameOfPersonWhoPosted(String nameOfPersonWhoPosted) {\\n        this.nameOfPersonWhoPosted = nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getMessage() {\\n        return message;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setMessage(String message) {\\n        this.message = message;\\n    }\\n\\n    public int getLikesCount() {\\n        return likesCount;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setLikesCount(int likesCount) {\\n        this.likesCount = likesCount;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String[] getComments() {\\n        return comments;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setComments(String[] comments) {\\n        this.comments = comments;\\n    }\\n\\n    public int getTimeOfPost() {\\n        return timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setTimeOfPost(int timeOfPost) {\\n        this.timeOfPost = timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\nI\\'ve just copied your JSON sample into this file and put it under the project folder.{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex;\\n\\nimport java.io.File;\\nimport java.io.IOException;\\nimport java.util.Arrays;\\n\\nimport com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.Page;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.PageInfo;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.Post;\\n\\npublic class JSONDemo {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();\\n\\n        try {\\n            Page page = objectMapper.readValue(new File(\"sampleJSONFile.json\"), Page.class);\\n\\n            printParsedObject(page);\\n        } catch (IOException e) {\\n            e.printStackTrace();\\n        }\\n\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printParsedObject(Page page) {\\n        printPageInfo(page.getPageInfo());\\n        System.out.println();\\n        printPosts(page.getPosts());\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPageInfo(PageInfo pageInfo) {\\n        System.out.println(\"Page Info;\");\\n        System.out.println(\"**********\");\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPage Name : \" + pageInfo.getPageName());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPage Pic  : \" + pageInfo.getPagePic());\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPosts(Post[] posts) {\\n        System.out.println(\"Page Posts;\");\\n        System.out.println(\"**********\");\\n        for(Post post : posts) {\\n            printPost(post);\\n        }\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPost(Post post) {\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPost Id                   : \" + post.getPost_id());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tActor Id                  : \" + post.getActor_id());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPic Of Person Who Posted  : \" + post.getPicOfPersonWhoPosted());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tName Of Person Who Posted : \" + post.getNameOfPersonWhoPosted());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tMessage                   : \" + post.getMessage());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tLikes Count               : \" + post.getLikesCount());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tComments                  : \" + Arrays.toString(post.getComments()));\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tTime Of Post              : \" + post.getTimeOfPost());\\n    }\\n\\n}\\nPage Info;\\n****(*****\\n    Page Name : abc\\n    Page Pic  : http://example.com/content.jpg\\nPage Posts;\\n**********\\n    Post Id                   : 123456789012_123456789012\\n    Actor Id                  : 1234567890\\n    Pic Of Person Who Posted  : http://example.com/photo.jpg\\n    Name Of Person Who Posted : Jane Doe\\n    Message                   : Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\\n    Likes Count               : 2\\n    Comments                  : []\\n    Time Of Post              : 1234567890\\n',\n",
       "      'Use  which is very fast and easy to use.\\nYou can parse from String obj and Stream.Sample data:{\\n  \"order\": 4711,\\n  \"items\": [\\n    {\\n      \"name\": \"NE555 Timer IC\",\\n      \"cat-id\": \"645723\",\\n      \"quantity\": 10,\\n    },\\n    {\\n      \"name\": \"LM358N OpAmp IC\",\\n      \"cat-id\": \"764525\",\\n      \"quantity\": 2\\n    }\\n  ]\\n}\\nParsing:JsonObject object = Json.parse(input).asObject();\\nint orders = object.get(\"order\").asInt();\\nJsonArray items = object.get(\"items\").asArray();\\nCreating JSON:JsonObject user = Json.object().add(\"name\", \"Sakib\").add(\"age\", 23);\\nMaven:<dependency>\\n  <groupId>com.eclipsesource.minimal-json</groupId>\\n  <artifactId>minimal-json</artifactId>\\n  <version>0.9.4</version>\\n</dependency>\\n',\n",
       "      'I believe the best practice should be to go through the official  which are still work in progress.',\n",
       "      'Since nobody mentioned it yet, here is a beginning of a solution using  (JavaScript runtime part of Java 8, but deprecated in Java 11).private static final String EXTRACTOR_SCRIPT =\\n    \"var fun = function(raw) { \" +\\n    \"var json = JSON.parse(raw); \" +\\n    \"return [json.pageInfo.pageName, json.pageInfo.pagePic, json.posts[0].post_id];};\";\\n\\npublic void run() throws ScriptException, NoSuchMethodException {\\n    ScriptEngine engine = new ScriptEngineManager().getEngineByName(\"nashorn\");\\n    engine.eval(EXTRACTOR_SCRIPT);\\n    Invocable invocable = (Invocable) engine;\\n    JSObject result = (JSObject) invocable.invokeFunction(\"fun\", JSON);\\n    result.values().forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));\\n}\\nI wrote JSON content containing three arrays of respectively 20, 20 and 100 elements. I only want to get the 100 elements from the third array. I use the following JavaScript function to parse and get my entries.var fun = function(raw) {JSON.parse(raw).entries};\\nRunning the call a million times using  takes 7.5~7.8 seconds(JSObject) invocable.invokeFunction(\"fun\", json);\\n takes 20~21 secondsnew JSONObject(JSON).getJSONArray(\"entries\");\\n takes 6.5~7 secondsmapper.readValue(JSON, Entries.class).getEntries();\\nIn this case Jackson performs better than Nashorn, which performs much better than org.json.\\nNashorn API is harder to use than org.json\\'s or Jackson\\'s. Depending on your requirements Jackson and Nashorn both can be viable solutions.',\n",
       "      'The below example shows how to read the text in the question, represented as the \"jsonText\" variable.  This solution uses the Java EE7  API (which is mentioned in some of the other answers).  The reason I\\'ve added it as a separate answer is that the following code shows how to  access some of the values shown in the question.  An  would be required to make this code run.  The full package for each of the classes required was included as I didn\\'t want to declare \"import\" statements.javax.json.JsonReader jr = \\n    javax.json.Json.createReader(new StringReader(jsonText));\\njavax.json.JsonObject jo = jr.readObject();\\n\\n//Read the page info.\\njavax.json.JsonObject pageInfo = jo.getJsonObject(\"pageInfo\");\\nSystem.out.println(pageInfo.getString(\"pageName\"));\\n\\n//Read the posts.\\njavax.json.JsonArray posts = jo.getJsonArray(\"posts\");\\n//Read the first post.\\njavax.json.JsonObject post = posts.getJsonObject(0);\\n//Read the post_id field.\\nString postId = post.getString(\"post_id\");\\nNow, before anyone goes and downvotes this answer because it doesn\\'t use GSON, org.json, Jackson, or any of the other 3rd party frameworks available, it\\'s an example of \"required code\" per the question to parse the provided text.  I am well aware that  and as such the  should be treated the same as any other 3rd party JSON handling implementation.',\n",
       "      'This blew my mind with how easy it was. You can just pass a String holding your JSON to the constructor of a JSONObject in the default org.json package. JSONArray rootOfPage =  new JSONArray(JSONString);\\nDone. .\\nThis works with JSONObjects as well. After that, you can just look through your hierarchy of Objects using the get() methods on your objects.',\n",
       "      'There are many JSON libraries available in Java.The most notorious ones are: Jackson, GSON, Genson, FastJson and org.json.There are typically three things one should look at for choosing any library:Specifically for JSON libraries (and any serialization/deserialization libs), databinding is also usually of interest as it removes the need of writing boiler-plate code to pack/unpack the data.For 1, see this benchmark:  I did using  which compares (jackson, gson, genson, fastjson, org.json, jsonp) performance of serializers and deserializers using stream and databind APIs.\\nFor 2, you can find numerous examples on the Internet. The benchmark above can also be used as a source of examples...Quick takeaway of the benchmark:  performs 5 to 6 times better than org.json and more than twice better than GSON.For your particular example, the following code decodes your json with jackson:public class MyObj {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private List<Post> posts;\\n\\n    static final class PageInfo {\\n        private String pageName;\\n        private String pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n    static final class Post {\\n        private String post_id;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"actor_id\");\\n        private String actorId;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"picOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n        private String pictureOfPoster;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n        private String nameOfPoster;\\n        private String likesCount;\\n        private List<String> comments;\\n        private String timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n    private static final ObjectMapper JACKSON = new ObjectMapper();\\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {\\n        MyObj o = JACKSON.readValue(args[0], MyObj.class); // assumes args[0] contains your json payload provided in your question.\\n    }\\n}\\nLet me know if you have any questions.',\n",
       "      'In addition to other answers, I recomend this online opensource service  for quick generating Java classes from json or json schema for GSON, Jackson 1.x or Jackson 2.x. For example, if you have:{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": 1234567890,\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": 2,\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": 1234567890\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\nThe  for GSON generated:@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class Container {\\n    @SerializedName(\"pageInfo\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    @SerializedName(\"posts\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public List<Post> posts = new ArrayList<Post>();\\n}\\n\\n@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class PageInfo {\\n    @SerializedName(\"pageName\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String pageName;\\n    @SerializedName(\"pagePic\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String pagePic;\\n}\\n\\n@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class Post {\\n    @SerializedName(\"post_id\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String postId;\\n    @SerializedName(\"actor_id\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long actorId;\\n    @SerializedName(\"picOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    @SerializedName(\"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    @SerializedName(\"message\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String message;\\n    @SerializedName(\"likesCount\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long likesCount;\\n    @SerializedName(\"comments\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public List<Object> comments = new ArrayList<Object>();\\n    @SerializedName(\"timeOfPost\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long timeOfPost;\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'If you have some Java class(say Message) representing the JSON string(jsonString), you can use   JSON library with:Message message= new ObjectMapper().readValue(jsonString, Message.class);\\nand from message object you can fetch any of its attribute.',\n",
       "      ' is easy to learn and implement, what we need to know are following two methods\\n – Convert Java object to JSON format\\n – Convert JSON into Java object\\n`import java.io.BufferedReader;\\nimport java.io.FileReader;\\nimport java.io.IOException;\\nimport com.google.gson.Gson;\\n\\npublic class GsonExample {\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n    Gson gson = new Gson();\\n\\n    try {\\n\\n        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(\\n            new FileReader(\"c:\\\\\\\\file.json\"));\\n\\n        //convert the json string back to object\\n        DataObject obj = gson.fromJson(br, DataObject.class);\\n\\n        System.out.println(obj);\\n\\n    } catch (IOException e) {\\n        e.printStackTrace();\\n    }\\n\\n    }\\n}\\n`',\n",
       "      'There are many open source libraries present to parse JSON content to an object or just to read JSON values. Your requirement is just to read values and parsing it to custom object. So org.json library is enough in your case.Use org.json library to parse it and create JsonObject:JSONObject jsonObj = new JSONObject(<jsonStr>);\\nNow, use this object to get your values:String id = jsonObj.getString(\"pageInfo\");\\nYou can see a complete example here:',\n",
       "      'Please do something like this:JSONParser jsonParser = new JSONParser();\\nJSONObject obj = (JSONObject) jsonParser.parse(contentString);\\nString product = (String) jsonObject.get(\"productId\");\\n',\n",
       "      'You can use the Gson Library to parse the JSON string.Gson gson = new Gson();\\nJsonObject jsonObject = gson.fromJson(jsonAsString, JsonObject.class);\\n\\nString pageName = jsonObject.getAsJsonObject(\"pageInfo\").get(\"pageName\").getAsString();\\nString pagePic = jsonObject.getAsJsonObject(\"pageInfo\").get(\"pagePic\").getAsString();\\nString postId = jsonObject.getAsJsonArray(\"posts\").get(0).getAsJsonObject().get(\"post_id\").getAsString();\\nYou can also loop through the \"posts\" array as so:JsonArray posts = jsonObject.getAsJsonArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (JsonElement post : posts) {\\n  String postId = post.getAsJsonObject().get(\"post_id\").getAsString();\\n  //do something\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'Read the following blog post, .This post is a little bit old, but still I want to answer you question.Step 1: Create a POJO class of your data.Step 2: Now create a object using JSON.Employee employee = null;\\nObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();\\ntry {\\n    employee =  mapper.readValue(newFile(\"/home/sumit/employee.json\"), Employee.class);\\n} \\ncatch(JsonGenerationException e) {\\n    e.printStackTrace();\\n}\\nFor further reference you can refer to the following .',\n",
       "      '{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\n\\nJava code :\\n\\nJSONObject obj = new JSONObject(responsejsonobj);\\nString pageName = obj.getJSONObject(\"pageInfo\").getString(\"pageName\");\\n\\nJSONArray arr = obj.getJSONArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++)\\n{\\n    String post_id = arr.getJSONObject(i).getString(\"post_id\");\\n    ......etc\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'Top answers on this page use too simple examples like object with one property (e.g. {name: value}). I think that still simple but real life example can help someone. So this is the JSON returned by Google Translate API: {\\n  \"data\": \\n     {\\n        \"translations\": \\n          [\\n            {\\n              \"translatedText\": \"Arbeit\"\\n             }\\n          ]\\n     }\\n}\\nI want to retrieve the value of \"translatedText\" attribute e.g. \"Arbeit\" using Google\\'s Gson.Two possible approaches: Retrieve just one needed attributeString json  = callToTranslateApi(\"work\", \"de\");\\nJsonObject jsonObject = new JsonParser().parse(json).getAsJsonObject();\\nreturn jsonObject.get(\"data\").getAsJsonObject()\\n        .get(\"translations\").getAsJsonArray()\\n        .get(0).getAsJsonObject()\\n        .get(\"translatedText\").getAsString();\\nCreate Java object from JSONclass ApiResponse {\\n    Data data;      \\n    class Data {\\n        Translation[] translations;         \\n        class Translation {\\n            String translatedText;\\n        }\\n     }\\n }\\n... Gson g = new Gson();\\n String json =callToTranslateApi(\"work\", \"de\");\\n ApiResponse response = g.fromJson(json, ApiResponse.class);\\n return response.data.translations[0].translatedText;\\n',\n",
       "      'First you need to select an  to do that.The  provides portable APIs to parse, generate, transform, and query JSON using object model and streaming APIs. The  is here:  Here you can find a  of JSR 353:And ... I found this article as well:If you go for Jackson, here is a good article about conversion between JSON to/from Java using Jackson: Hope it helps!',\n",
       "      'You can use . Below is a GitHub link with source code, pom details and good documentation.Please follow the below steps.: Add the jayway JSON path dependency in your class path using Maven or download the JAR file and manually add it.<dependency>\\n            <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n            <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n            <version>2.2.0</version>\\n</dependency>\\n: Please save your input JSON as a file for this example. In my case I saved your JSON as sampleJson.txt. Note you missed a comma between pageInfo and posts.: Read the JSON contents from the above file using bufferedReader and save it as String.BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"D:\\\\\\\\sampleJson.txt\"));\\n\\n        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();\\n        String line = br.readLine();\\n\\n        while (line != null) {\\n            sb.append(line);\\n            sb.append(System.lineSeparator());\\n            line = br.readLine();\\n        }\\n        br.close();\\n        String jsonInput = sb.toString();\\n: Parse your JSON string using jayway JSON parser.Object document = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonInput);\\n: Read the details like below.String pageName = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.pageInfo.pageName\");\\nString pagePic = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.pageInfo.pagePic\");\\nString post_id = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.posts[0].post_id\");\\n\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.pageInfo.pageName \" + pageName);\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.pageInfo.pagePic \" + pagePic);\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.posts[0].post_id \" + post_id);\\n:$.pageInfo.pageName = abc\\n$.pageInfo.pagePic = http://example.com/content.jpg\\n$.posts[0].post_id  = 123456789012_123456789012\\n',\n",
       "      '{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n}\\nclass PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n\\n    // Getters and setters\\n}\\n    PageInfo pageInfo = JsonPath.parse(jsonString).read(\"$.pageInfo\", PageInfo.class);\\n<dependency>\\n    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n    <version>2.2.0</version>\\n</dependency>\\n',\n",
       "      'One can use  to create  model classes representing structure of  files and use them to access various elements in the  tree. Unlike other solutions this one  and is thus suitable for environments where reflection is impossible or comes with significant overhead.There is a  showing the usage. First of all it defines the structure:@Model(className=\"RepositoryInfo\", properties = {\\n    @Property(name = \"id\", type = int.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"name\", type = String.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"owner\", type = Owner.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"private\", type = boolean.class),\\n})\\nfinal class RepositoryCntrl {\\n    @Model(className = \"Owner\", properties = {\\n        @Property(name = \"login\", type = String.class)\\n    })\\n    static final class OwnerCntrl {\\n    }\\n}\\nand then it uses the generated RepositoryInfo and Owner classes to parse the provided input stream and pick certain information up while doing that:List<RepositoryInfo> repositories = new ArrayList<>();\\ntry (InputStream is = initializeStream(args)) {\\n    Models.parse(CONTEXT, RepositoryInfo.class, is, repositories);\\n}\\n\\nSystem.err.println(\"there is \" + repositories.size() + \" repositories\");\\nrepositories.stream().filter((repo) -> repo != null).forEach((repo) -> {\\n    System.err.println(\"repository \" + repo.getName() + \\n        \" is owned by \" + repo.getOwner().getLogin()\\n    );\\n})\\nThat is it! In addition to that here is a  showing similar example together with asynchronous network communication.',\n",
       "      'jsoniter (jsoniterator) is a relatively new and simple json library, designed to be simple and fast. All you need to do to deserialize json data isJsonIterator.deserialize(jsonData, int[].class);\\nwhere jsonData is a string of json data.Check out the \\nfor more information.',\n",
       "      'If you have maven project then add below dependency  or normal project add json-simple jar.<dependency>\\n    <groupId>org.json</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json</artifactId>\\n    <version>20180813</version>\\n</dependency>\\nWrite below java code for convert JSON string to JSON array.JSONArray ja = new JSONArray(String jsonString);\\n',\n",
       "      'We can use the JSONObject class to convert a JSON string to a JSON object,\\nand to iterate over the JSON object. Use the following code.JSONObject jObj = new JSONObject(contents.trim());\\nIterator<?> keys = jObj.keys();\\n\\nwhile( keys.hasNext() ) {\\n  String key = (String)keys.next();\\n  if ( jObj.get(key) instanceof JSONObject ) {           \\n    System.out.println(jObj.getString(String key));\\n  }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'You can use  stream parsing library for parsing complex json and XML document. DSM parse data only once and not load all data into memory. Let\\'s say we have  class to deserialize given json data.Page classpublic class Page {\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pageImage;\\n    private List<Sting> postIds;\\n\\n    // getter/setter\\n\\n}\\nCreate a yaml Mapping file.result:\\n  type: object     # result is array\\n  path: /posts\\n  fields:\\n    pageName:\\n        path: /pageInfo/pageName\\n    pageImage:\\n        path: /pageInfo/pagePic\\n    postIds:\\n      path: post_id\\n      type: array\\nUse DSM to extract fields.DSM dsm=new DSMBuilder(new File(\"path-to-yaml-config.yaml\")).create(Page.class);\\nPage page= (Page)dsm.toObject(new path-to-json-data.json\");\\n variable serialized to json:{\\n  \"pageName\" : \"abc\",\\n  \"pageImage\" : \"http://example.com/content.jpg\",\\n  \"postIds\" : [ \"123456789012_123456789012\" ]\\n}\\n']}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'stackoverflow3',\n",
       "    '_type': 'people',\n",
       "    '_id': 'Y3WV53YBZzWVFfUVFxew',\n",
       "    '_score': 4.501055,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to parse JSON in Java',\n",
       "     'details': 'I have the following JSON text. How can I parse it to get the values of pageName, pagePic, post_id, etc.?{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\n',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I have the following JSON text. How can I parse it to get the values of pageName, pagePic, post_id, etc.?{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'The  library is easy to use. Example code below:import org.json.*;\\n\\nString jsonString = ... ; //assign your JSON String here\\nJSONObject obj = new JSONObject(jsonString);\\nString pageName = obj.getJSONObject(\"pageInfo\").getString(\"pageName\");\\n\\nJSONArray arr = obj.getJSONArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++)\\n{\\n    String post_id = arr.getJSONObject(i).getString(\"post_id\");\\n    ......\\n}\\nYou may find more examples from: Downloadable jar:  ',\n",
       "      'For the sake of the example lets assume you have a class Person with just a name.private class Person {\\n    public String name;\\n\\n    public Person(String name) {\\n        this.name = name;\\n    }\\n}\\nMy personal favourite as to the great JSON serialisation / de-serialisation of objects.Gson g = new Gson();\\n\\nPerson person = g.fromJson(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\", Person.class);\\nSystem.out.println(person.name); //John\\n\\nSystem.out.println(g.toJson(person)); // {\"name\":\"John\"}\\nIf you want to get a single attribute out you can do it easily with the Google library as well:JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonParser().parse(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\").getAsJsonObject();\\n\\nSystem.out.println(jsonObject.get(\"name\").getAsString()); //John\\nIf you don\\'t need object de-serialisation but to simply get an attribute, you can try org.json ()JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\");\\n\\nSystem.out.println(obj.getString(\"name\")); //John\\nObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();\\nPerson user = mapper.readValue(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\", Person.class);\\n\\nSystem.out.println(user.name); //John\\n',\n",
       "      'If one wants to create Java object from JSON and vice versa, use GSON or JACKSON third party jars etc.//from object to JSON \\nGson gson = new Gson();\\ngson.toJson(yourObject);\\n\\n// from JSON to object \\nyourObject o = gson.fromJson(JSONString,yourObject.class);\\nBut if one just want to parse a JSON string and get some values, (OR create a JSON string from scratch to send over wire) just use JaveEE jar which contains JsonReader, JsonArray, JsonObject etc. You may want to download the implementation of that spec like javax.json. With these two jars I am able to parse the json and use the values.  These APIs actually follow the DOM/SAX parsing model of XML.       Response response = request.get(); // REST call \\n    JsonReader jsonReader = Json.createReader(new StringReader(response.readEntity(String.class)));\\n    JsonArray jsonArray = jsonReader.readArray();\\n    ListIterator l = jsonArray.listIterator();\\n    while ( l.hasNext() ) {\\n          JsonObject j = (JsonObject)l.next();\\n          JsonObject ciAttr = j.getJsonObject(\"ciAttributes\");\\n',\n",
       "      ' is very straightforward, flexible, very fast and customizable. Try itFeatures:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nIt can be used like this:JsonParserFactory factory=JsonParserFactory.getInstance();\\nJSONParser parser=factory.newJsonParser();\\nMap jsonMap=parser.parseJson(jsonString);\\n',\n",
       "      'You could use .Using this library you only need to create a model with the same JSON structure. Then the model is automatically filled in. You have to call your variables as your JSON keys, or use @SerializedName if you want to use different names.From your example:{\\n    \"pageInfo\": {\\n        \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n        \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n    \"posts\": [\\n        {\\n            \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n            \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n            \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n            \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n            \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n            \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n            \"comments\": [],\\n            \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n        }\\n    ]\\n}\\nclass MyModel {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private ArrayList<Post> posts = new ArrayList<>();\\n}\\n\\nclass PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n}\\n\\nclass Post {\\n\\n    private String post_id;\\n\\n    @SerializedName(\"actor_id\") // <- example SerializedName\\n    private String actorId;\\n\\n    private String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String message;\\n    private String likesCount;\\n    private ArrayList<String> comments;\\n    private String timeOfPost;\\n}\\nNow you can parse using Gson library:MyModel model = gson.fromJson(jsonString, MyModel.class);\\nRemember to import the library in the app Gradle fileimplementation \\'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6\\' // or earlier versions\\nYou can generate model from JSON automatically using online tools like .',\n",
       "      'Almost all the answers given requires a full deserialization of the JSON into a Java object before accessing the value in the property of interest. Another alternative, which does not go this route is to use  which is like XPath for JSON and allows traversing of JSON objects.It is a specification and the good folks at JayWay have created a Java implementation for the specification which you can find here: So basically to use it, add it to your project, eg:<dependency>\\n    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n    <version>${version}</version>\\n</dependency>\\nand to use:String pageName = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pageInfo.pageName\");\\nString pagePic = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pageInfo.pagePic\");\\nString post_id = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pagePosts[0].post_id\");\\netc...Check the JsonPath specification page for more information on the other ways to transverse JSON.',\n",
       "      'You can use  libraries, for binding JSON String into  () instances. POJO is simply a class with only private fields and public getter/setter methods. Jackson is going to traverse the methods (using ), and maps the JSON object into the POJO instance as the field names of the class fits to the field names of the JSON object.In your JSON object, which is actually a  object, the main object consists o two sub-objects. So, our POJO classes should have the same hierarchy. I\\'ll call the whole JSON Object as  object.  object consist of a  object, and a  object array.So we have to create three different POJO classes;\\n\\n\\n\\nThe only package I\\'ve used is Jackson ObjectMapper, what we do is binding data;com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper\\nThe required dependencies, the jar files is listed below;\\n\\n\\n\\nHere is the required code;package com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class Page {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private Post[] posts;\\n\\n    public PageInfo getPageInfo() {\\n        return pageInfo;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPageInfo(PageInfo pageInfo) {\\n        this.pageInfo = pageInfo;\\n    }\\n\\n    public Post[] getPosts() {\\n        return posts;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPosts(Post[] posts) {\\n        this.posts = posts;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n\\n    public String getPageName() {\\n        return pageName;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPageName(String pageName) {\\n        this.pageName = pageName;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getPagePic() {\\n        return pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPagePic(String pagePic) {\\n        this.pagePic = pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class Post {\\n\\n    private String post_id;\\n    private String actor_id;\\n    private String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String message;\\n    private int likesCount;\\n    private String[] comments;\\n    private int timeOfPost;\\n\\n    public String getPost_id() {\\n        return post_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPost_id(String post_id) {\\n        this.post_id = post_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getActor_id() {\\n        return actor_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setActor_id(String actor_id) {\\n        this.actor_id = actor_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getPicOfPersonWhoPosted() {\\n        return picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPicOfPersonWhoPosted(String picOfPersonWhoPosted) {\\n        this.picOfPersonWhoPosted = picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getNameOfPersonWhoPosted() {\\n        return nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setNameOfPersonWhoPosted(String nameOfPersonWhoPosted) {\\n        this.nameOfPersonWhoPosted = nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getMessage() {\\n        return message;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setMessage(String message) {\\n        this.message = message;\\n    }\\n\\n    public int getLikesCount() {\\n        return likesCount;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setLikesCount(int likesCount) {\\n        this.likesCount = likesCount;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String[] getComments() {\\n        return comments;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setComments(String[] comments) {\\n        this.comments = comments;\\n    }\\n\\n    public int getTimeOfPost() {\\n        return timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setTimeOfPost(int timeOfPost) {\\n        this.timeOfPost = timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\nI\\'ve just copied your JSON sample into this file and put it under the project folder.{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex;\\n\\nimport java.io.File;\\nimport java.io.IOException;\\nimport java.util.Arrays;\\n\\nimport com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.Page;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.PageInfo;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.Post;\\n\\npublic class JSONDemo {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();\\n\\n        try {\\n            Page page = objectMapper.readValue(new File(\"sampleJSONFile.json\"), Page.class);\\n\\n            printParsedObject(page);\\n        } catch (IOException e) {\\n            e.printStackTrace();\\n        }\\n\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printParsedObject(Page page) {\\n        printPageInfo(page.getPageInfo());\\n        System.out.println();\\n        printPosts(page.getPosts());\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPageInfo(PageInfo pageInfo) {\\n        System.out.println(\"Page Info;\");\\n        System.out.println(\"**********\");\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPage Name : \" + pageInfo.getPageName());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPage Pic  : \" + pageInfo.getPagePic());\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPosts(Post[] posts) {\\n        System.out.println(\"Page Posts;\");\\n        System.out.println(\"**********\");\\n        for(Post post : posts) {\\n            printPost(post);\\n        }\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPost(Post post) {\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPost Id                   : \" + post.getPost_id());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tActor Id                  : \" + post.getActor_id());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPic Of Person Who Posted  : \" + post.getPicOfPersonWhoPosted());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tName Of Person Who Posted : \" + post.getNameOfPersonWhoPosted());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tMessage                   : \" + post.getMessage());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tLikes Count               : \" + post.getLikesCount());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tComments                  : \" + Arrays.toString(post.getComments()));\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tTime Of Post              : \" + post.getTimeOfPost());\\n    }\\n\\n}\\nPage Info;\\n****(*****\\n    Page Name : abc\\n    Page Pic  : http://example.com/content.jpg\\nPage Posts;\\n**********\\n    Post Id                   : 123456789012_123456789012\\n    Actor Id                  : 1234567890\\n    Pic Of Person Who Posted  : http://example.com/photo.jpg\\n    Name Of Person Who Posted : Jane Doe\\n    Message                   : Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\\n    Likes Count               : 2\\n    Comments                  : []\\n    Time Of Post              : 1234567890\\n',\n",
       "      'Use  which is very fast and easy to use.\\nYou can parse from String obj and Stream.Sample data:{\\n  \"order\": 4711,\\n  \"items\": [\\n    {\\n      \"name\": \"NE555 Timer IC\",\\n      \"cat-id\": \"645723\",\\n      \"quantity\": 10,\\n    },\\n    {\\n      \"name\": \"LM358N OpAmp IC\",\\n      \"cat-id\": \"764525\",\\n      \"quantity\": 2\\n    }\\n  ]\\n}\\nParsing:JsonObject object = Json.parse(input).asObject();\\nint orders = object.get(\"order\").asInt();\\nJsonArray items = object.get(\"items\").asArray();\\nCreating JSON:JsonObject user = Json.object().add(\"name\", \"Sakib\").add(\"age\", 23);\\nMaven:<dependency>\\n  <groupId>com.eclipsesource.minimal-json</groupId>\\n  <artifactId>minimal-json</artifactId>\\n  <version>0.9.4</version>\\n</dependency>\\n',\n",
       "      'I believe the best practice should be to go through the official  which are still work in progress.',\n",
       "      'Since nobody mentioned it yet, here is a beginning of a solution using  (JavaScript runtime part of Java 8, but deprecated in Java 11).private static final String EXTRACTOR_SCRIPT =\\n    \"var fun = function(raw) { \" +\\n    \"var json = JSON.parse(raw); \" +\\n    \"return [json.pageInfo.pageName, json.pageInfo.pagePic, json.posts[0].post_id];};\";\\n\\npublic void run() throws ScriptException, NoSuchMethodException {\\n    ScriptEngine engine = new ScriptEngineManager().getEngineByName(\"nashorn\");\\n    engine.eval(EXTRACTOR_SCRIPT);\\n    Invocable invocable = (Invocable) engine;\\n    JSObject result = (JSObject) invocable.invokeFunction(\"fun\", JSON);\\n    result.values().forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));\\n}\\nI wrote JSON content containing three arrays of respectively 20, 20 and 100 elements. I only want to get the 100 elements from the third array. I use the following JavaScript function to parse and get my entries.var fun = function(raw) {JSON.parse(raw).entries};\\nRunning the call a million times using  takes 7.5~7.8 seconds(JSObject) invocable.invokeFunction(\"fun\", json);\\n takes 20~21 secondsnew JSONObject(JSON).getJSONArray(\"entries\");\\n takes 6.5~7 secondsmapper.readValue(JSON, Entries.class).getEntries();\\nIn this case Jackson performs better than Nashorn, which performs much better than org.json.\\nNashorn API is harder to use than org.json\\'s or Jackson\\'s. Depending on your requirements Jackson and Nashorn both can be viable solutions.',\n",
       "      'The below example shows how to read the text in the question, represented as the \"jsonText\" variable.  This solution uses the Java EE7  API (which is mentioned in some of the other answers).  The reason I\\'ve added it as a separate answer is that the following code shows how to  access some of the values shown in the question.  An  would be required to make this code run.  The full package for each of the classes required was included as I didn\\'t want to declare \"import\" statements.javax.json.JsonReader jr = \\n    javax.json.Json.createReader(new StringReader(jsonText));\\njavax.json.JsonObject jo = jr.readObject();\\n\\n//Read the page info.\\njavax.json.JsonObject pageInfo = jo.getJsonObject(\"pageInfo\");\\nSystem.out.println(pageInfo.getString(\"pageName\"));\\n\\n//Read the posts.\\njavax.json.JsonArray posts = jo.getJsonArray(\"posts\");\\n//Read the first post.\\njavax.json.JsonObject post = posts.getJsonObject(0);\\n//Read the post_id field.\\nString postId = post.getString(\"post_id\");\\nNow, before anyone goes and downvotes this answer because it doesn\\'t use GSON, org.json, Jackson, or any of the other 3rd party frameworks available, it\\'s an example of \"required code\" per the question to parse the provided text.  I am well aware that  and as such the  should be treated the same as any other 3rd party JSON handling implementation.',\n",
       "      'This blew my mind with how easy it was. You can just pass a String holding your JSON to the constructor of a JSONObject in the default org.json package. JSONArray rootOfPage =  new JSONArray(JSONString);\\nDone. .\\nThis works with JSONObjects as well. After that, you can just look through your hierarchy of Objects using the get() methods on your objects.',\n",
       "      'There are many JSON libraries available in Java.The most notorious ones are: Jackson, GSON, Genson, FastJson and org.json.There are typically three things one should look at for choosing any library:Specifically for JSON libraries (and any serialization/deserialization libs), databinding is also usually of interest as it removes the need of writing boiler-plate code to pack/unpack the data.For 1, see this benchmark:  I did using  which compares (jackson, gson, genson, fastjson, org.json, jsonp) performance of serializers and deserializers using stream and databind APIs.\\nFor 2, you can find numerous examples on the Internet. The benchmark above can also be used as a source of examples...Quick takeaway of the benchmark:  performs 5 to 6 times better than org.json and more than twice better than GSON.For your particular example, the following code decodes your json with jackson:public class MyObj {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private List<Post> posts;\\n\\n    static final class PageInfo {\\n        private String pageName;\\n        private String pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n    static final class Post {\\n        private String post_id;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"actor_id\");\\n        private String actorId;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"picOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n        private String pictureOfPoster;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n        private String nameOfPoster;\\n        private String likesCount;\\n        private List<String> comments;\\n        private String timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n    private static final ObjectMapper JACKSON = new ObjectMapper();\\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {\\n        MyObj o = JACKSON.readValue(args[0], MyObj.class); // assumes args[0] contains your json payload provided in your question.\\n    }\\n}\\nLet me know if you have any questions.',\n",
       "      'In addition to other answers, I recomend this online opensource service  for quick generating Java classes from json or json schema for GSON, Jackson 1.x or Jackson 2.x. For example, if you have:{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": 1234567890,\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": 2,\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": 1234567890\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\nThe  for GSON generated:@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class Container {\\n    @SerializedName(\"pageInfo\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    @SerializedName(\"posts\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public List<Post> posts = new ArrayList<Post>();\\n}\\n\\n@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class PageInfo {\\n    @SerializedName(\"pageName\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String pageName;\\n    @SerializedName(\"pagePic\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String pagePic;\\n}\\n\\n@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class Post {\\n    @SerializedName(\"post_id\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String postId;\\n    @SerializedName(\"actor_id\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long actorId;\\n    @SerializedName(\"picOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    @SerializedName(\"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    @SerializedName(\"message\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String message;\\n    @SerializedName(\"likesCount\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long likesCount;\\n    @SerializedName(\"comments\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public List<Object> comments = new ArrayList<Object>();\\n    @SerializedName(\"timeOfPost\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long timeOfPost;\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'If you have some Java class(say Message) representing the JSON string(jsonString), you can use   JSON library with:Message message= new ObjectMapper().readValue(jsonString, Message.class);\\nand from message object you can fetch any of its attribute.',\n",
       "      ' is easy to learn and implement, what we need to know are following two methods\\n – Convert Java object to JSON format\\n – Convert JSON into Java object\\n`import java.io.BufferedReader;\\nimport java.io.FileReader;\\nimport java.io.IOException;\\nimport com.google.gson.Gson;\\n\\npublic class GsonExample {\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n    Gson gson = new Gson();\\n\\n    try {\\n\\n        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(\\n            new FileReader(\"c:\\\\\\\\file.json\"));\\n\\n        //convert the json string back to object\\n        DataObject obj = gson.fromJson(br, DataObject.class);\\n\\n        System.out.println(obj);\\n\\n    } catch (IOException e) {\\n        e.printStackTrace();\\n    }\\n\\n    }\\n}\\n`',\n",
       "      'There are many open source libraries present to parse JSON content to an object or just to read JSON values. Your requirement is just to read values and parsing it to custom object. So org.json library is enough in your case.Use org.json library to parse it and create JsonObject:JSONObject jsonObj = new JSONObject(<jsonStr>);\\nNow, use this object to get your values:String id = jsonObj.getString(\"pageInfo\");\\nYou can see a complete example here:',\n",
       "      'Please do something like this:JSONParser jsonParser = new JSONParser();\\nJSONObject obj = (JSONObject) jsonParser.parse(contentString);\\nString product = (String) jsonObject.get(\"productId\");\\n',\n",
       "      'You can use the Gson Library to parse the JSON string.Gson gson = new Gson();\\nJsonObject jsonObject = gson.fromJson(jsonAsString, JsonObject.class);\\n\\nString pageName = jsonObject.getAsJsonObject(\"pageInfo\").get(\"pageName\").getAsString();\\nString pagePic = jsonObject.getAsJsonObject(\"pageInfo\").get(\"pagePic\").getAsString();\\nString postId = jsonObject.getAsJsonArray(\"posts\").get(0).getAsJsonObject().get(\"post_id\").getAsString();\\nYou can also loop through the \"posts\" array as so:JsonArray posts = jsonObject.getAsJsonArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (JsonElement post : posts) {\\n  String postId = post.getAsJsonObject().get(\"post_id\").getAsString();\\n  //do something\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'Read the following blog post, .This post is a little bit old, but still I want to answer you question.Step 1: Create a POJO class of your data.Step 2: Now create a object using JSON.Employee employee = null;\\nObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();\\ntry {\\n    employee =  mapper.readValue(newFile(\"/home/sumit/employee.json\"), Employee.class);\\n} \\ncatch(JsonGenerationException e) {\\n    e.printStackTrace();\\n}\\nFor further reference you can refer to the following .',\n",
       "      '{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\n\\nJava code :\\n\\nJSONObject obj = new JSONObject(responsejsonobj);\\nString pageName = obj.getJSONObject(\"pageInfo\").getString(\"pageName\");\\n\\nJSONArray arr = obj.getJSONArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++)\\n{\\n    String post_id = arr.getJSONObject(i).getString(\"post_id\");\\n    ......etc\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'Top answers on this page use too simple examples like object with one property (e.g. {name: value}). I think that still simple but real life example can help someone. So this is the JSON returned by Google Translate API: {\\n  \"data\": \\n     {\\n        \"translations\": \\n          [\\n            {\\n              \"translatedText\": \"Arbeit\"\\n             }\\n          ]\\n     }\\n}\\nI want to retrieve the value of \"translatedText\" attribute e.g. \"Arbeit\" using Google\\'s Gson.Two possible approaches: Retrieve just one needed attributeString json  = callToTranslateApi(\"work\", \"de\");\\nJsonObject jsonObject = new JsonParser().parse(json).getAsJsonObject();\\nreturn jsonObject.get(\"data\").getAsJsonObject()\\n        .get(\"translations\").getAsJsonArray()\\n        .get(0).getAsJsonObject()\\n        .get(\"translatedText\").getAsString();\\nCreate Java object from JSONclass ApiResponse {\\n    Data data;      \\n    class Data {\\n        Translation[] translations;         \\n        class Translation {\\n            String translatedText;\\n        }\\n     }\\n }\\n... Gson g = new Gson();\\n String json =callToTranslateApi(\"work\", \"de\");\\n ApiResponse response = g.fromJson(json, ApiResponse.class);\\n return response.data.translations[0].translatedText;\\n',\n",
       "      'First you need to select an  to do that.The  provides portable APIs to parse, generate, transform, and query JSON using object model and streaming APIs. The  is here:  Here you can find a  of JSR 353:And ... I found this article as well:If you go for Jackson, here is a good article about conversion between JSON to/from Java using Jackson: Hope it helps!',\n",
       "      'You can use . Below is a GitHub link with source code, pom details and good documentation.Please follow the below steps.: Add the jayway JSON path dependency in your class path using Maven or download the JAR file and manually add it.<dependency>\\n            <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n            <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n            <version>2.2.0</version>\\n</dependency>\\n: Please save your input JSON as a file for this example. In my case I saved your JSON as sampleJson.txt. Note you missed a comma between pageInfo and posts.: Read the JSON contents from the above file using bufferedReader and save it as String.BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"D:\\\\\\\\sampleJson.txt\"));\\n\\n        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();\\n        String line = br.readLine();\\n\\n        while (line != null) {\\n            sb.append(line);\\n            sb.append(System.lineSeparator());\\n            line = br.readLine();\\n        }\\n        br.close();\\n        String jsonInput = sb.toString();\\n: Parse your JSON string using jayway JSON parser.Object document = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonInput);\\n: Read the details like below.String pageName = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.pageInfo.pageName\");\\nString pagePic = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.pageInfo.pagePic\");\\nString post_id = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.posts[0].post_id\");\\n\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.pageInfo.pageName \" + pageName);\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.pageInfo.pagePic \" + pagePic);\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.posts[0].post_id \" + post_id);\\n:$.pageInfo.pageName = abc\\n$.pageInfo.pagePic = http://example.com/content.jpg\\n$.posts[0].post_id  = 123456789012_123456789012\\n',\n",
       "      '{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n}\\nclass PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n\\n    // Getters and setters\\n}\\n    PageInfo pageInfo = JsonPath.parse(jsonString).read(\"$.pageInfo\", PageInfo.class);\\n<dependency>\\n    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n    <version>2.2.0</version>\\n</dependency>\\n',\n",
       "      'One can use  to create  model classes representing structure of  files and use them to access various elements in the  tree. Unlike other solutions this one  and is thus suitable for environments where reflection is impossible or comes with significant overhead.There is a  showing the usage. First of all it defines the structure:@Model(className=\"RepositoryInfo\", properties = {\\n    @Property(name = \"id\", type = int.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"name\", type = String.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"owner\", type = Owner.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"private\", type = boolean.class),\\n})\\nfinal class RepositoryCntrl {\\n    @Model(className = \"Owner\", properties = {\\n        @Property(name = \"login\", type = String.class)\\n    })\\n    static final class OwnerCntrl {\\n    }\\n}\\nand then it uses the generated RepositoryInfo and Owner classes to parse the provided input stream and pick certain information up while doing that:List<RepositoryInfo> repositories = new ArrayList<>();\\ntry (InputStream is = initializeStream(args)) {\\n    Models.parse(CONTEXT, RepositoryInfo.class, is, repositories);\\n}\\n\\nSystem.err.println(\"there is \" + repositories.size() + \" repositories\");\\nrepositories.stream().filter((repo) -> repo != null).forEach((repo) -> {\\n    System.err.println(\"repository \" + repo.getName() + \\n        \" is owned by \" + repo.getOwner().getLogin()\\n    );\\n})\\nThat is it! In addition to that here is a  showing similar example together with asynchronous network communication.',\n",
       "      'jsoniter (jsoniterator) is a relatively new and simple json library, designed to be simple and fast. All you need to do to deserialize json data isJsonIterator.deserialize(jsonData, int[].class);\\nwhere jsonData is a string of json data.Check out the \\nfor more information.',\n",
       "      'If you have maven project then add below dependency  or normal project add json-simple jar.<dependency>\\n    <groupId>org.json</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json</artifactId>\\n    <version>20180813</version>\\n</dependency>\\nWrite below java code for convert JSON string to JSON array.JSONArray ja = new JSONArray(String jsonString);\\n',\n",
       "      'We can use the JSONObject class to convert a JSON string to a JSON object,\\nand to iterate over the JSON object. Use the following code.JSONObject jObj = new JSONObject(contents.trim());\\nIterator<?> keys = jObj.keys();\\n\\nwhile( keys.hasNext() ) {\\n  String key = (String)keys.next();\\n  if ( jObj.get(key) instanceof JSONObject ) {           \\n    System.out.println(jObj.getString(String key));\\n  }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'You can use  stream parsing library for parsing complex json and XML document. DSM parse data only once and not load all data into memory. Let\\'s say we have  class to deserialize given json data.Page classpublic class Page {\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pageImage;\\n    private List<Sting> postIds;\\n\\n    // getter/setter\\n\\n}\\nCreate a yaml Mapping file.result:\\n  type: object     # result is array\\n  path: /posts\\n  fields:\\n    pageName:\\n        path: /pageInfo/pageName\\n    pageImage:\\n        path: /pageInfo/pagePic\\n    postIds:\\n      path: post_id\\n      type: array\\nUse DSM to extract fields.DSM dsm=new DSMBuilder(new File(\"path-to-yaml-config.yaml\")).create(Page.class);\\nPage page= (Page)dsm.toObject(new path-to-json-data.json\");\\n variable serialized to json:{\\n  \"pageName\" : \"abc\",\\n  \"pageImage\" : \"http://example.com/content.jpg\",\\n  \"postIds\" : [ \"123456789012_123456789012\" ]\\n}\\n']}},\n",
       "   {'_index': 'stackoverflow3',\n",
       "    '_type': 'people',\n",
       "    '_id': 'lXWb53YBZzWVFfUVlRcV',\n",
       "    '_score': 4.501055,\n",
       "    '_source': {'question': 'How to parse JSON in Java',\n",
       "     'details': 'I have the following JSON text. How can I parse it to get the values of pageName, pagePic, post_id, etc.?{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\n',\n",
       "     'answers': ['I have the following JSON text. How can I parse it to get the values of pageName, pagePic, post_id, etc.?{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'The  library is easy to use. Example code below:import org.json.*;\\n\\nString jsonString = ... ; //assign your JSON String here\\nJSONObject obj = new JSONObject(jsonString);\\nString pageName = obj.getJSONObject(\"pageInfo\").getString(\"pageName\");\\n\\nJSONArray arr = obj.getJSONArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++)\\n{\\n    String post_id = arr.getJSONObject(i).getString(\"post_id\");\\n    ......\\n}\\nYou may find more examples from: Downloadable jar:  ',\n",
       "      'For the sake of the example lets assume you have a class Person with just a name.private class Person {\\n    public String name;\\n\\n    public Person(String name) {\\n        this.name = name;\\n    }\\n}\\nMy personal favourite as to the great JSON serialisation / de-serialisation of objects.Gson g = new Gson();\\n\\nPerson person = g.fromJson(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\", Person.class);\\nSystem.out.println(person.name); //John\\n\\nSystem.out.println(g.toJson(person)); // {\"name\":\"John\"}\\nIf you want to get a single attribute out you can do it easily with the Google library as well:JsonObject jsonObject = new JsonParser().parse(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\").getAsJsonObject();\\n\\nSystem.out.println(jsonObject.get(\"name\").getAsString()); //John\\nIf you don\\'t need object de-serialisation but to simply get an attribute, you can try org.json ()JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\");\\n\\nSystem.out.println(obj.getString(\"name\")); //John\\nObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();\\nPerson user = mapper.readValue(\"{\\\\\"name\\\\\": \\\\\"John\\\\\"}\", Person.class);\\n\\nSystem.out.println(user.name); //John\\n',\n",
       "      'If one wants to create Java object from JSON and vice versa, use GSON or JACKSON third party jars etc.//from object to JSON \\nGson gson = new Gson();\\ngson.toJson(yourObject);\\n\\n// from JSON to object \\nyourObject o = gson.fromJson(JSONString,yourObject.class);\\nBut if one just want to parse a JSON string and get some values, (OR create a JSON string from scratch to send over wire) just use JaveEE jar which contains JsonReader, JsonArray, JsonObject etc. You may want to download the implementation of that spec like javax.json. With these two jars I am able to parse the json and use the values.  These APIs actually follow the DOM/SAX parsing model of XML.       Response response = request.get(); // REST call \\n    JsonReader jsonReader = Json.createReader(new StringReader(response.readEntity(String.class)));\\n    JsonArray jsonArray = jsonReader.readArray();\\n    ListIterator l = jsonArray.listIterator();\\n    while ( l.hasNext() ) {\\n          JsonObject j = (JsonObject)l.next();\\n          JsonObject ciAttr = j.getJsonObject(\"ciAttributes\");\\n',\n",
       "      ' is very straightforward, flexible, very fast and customizable. Try itFeatures:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nIt can be used like this:JsonParserFactory factory=JsonParserFactory.getInstance();\\nJSONParser parser=factory.newJsonParser();\\nMap jsonMap=parser.parseJson(jsonString);\\n',\n",
       "      'You could use .Using this library you only need to create a model with the same JSON structure. Then the model is automatically filled in. You have to call your variables as your JSON keys, or use @SerializedName if you want to use different names.From your example:{\\n    \"pageInfo\": {\\n        \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n        \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n    \"posts\": [\\n        {\\n            \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n            \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n            \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n            \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n            \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n            \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n            \"comments\": [],\\n            \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n        }\\n    ]\\n}\\nclass MyModel {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private ArrayList<Post> posts = new ArrayList<>();\\n}\\n\\nclass PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n}\\n\\nclass Post {\\n\\n    private String post_id;\\n\\n    @SerializedName(\"actor_id\") // <- example SerializedName\\n    private String actorId;\\n\\n    private String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String message;\\n    private String likesCount;\\n    private ArrayList<String> comments;\\n    private String timeOfPost;\\n}\\nNow you can parse using Gson library:MyModel model = gson.fromJson(jsonString, MyModel.class);\\nRemember to import the library in the app Gradle fileimplementation \\'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6\\' // or earlier versions\\nYou can generate model from JSON automatically using online tools like .',\n",
       "      'Almost all the answers given requires a full deserialization of the JSON into a Java object before accessing the value in the property of interest. Another alternative, which does not go this route is to use  which is like XPath for JSON and allows traversing of JSON objects.It is a specification and the good folks at JayWay have created a Java implementation for the specification which you can find here: So basically to use it, add it to your project, eg:<dependency>\\n    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n    <version>${version}</version>\\n</dependency>\\nand to use:String pageName = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pageInfo.pageName\");\\nString pagePic = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pageInfo.pagePic\");\\nString post_id = JsonPath.read(yourJsonString, \"$.pagePosts[0].post_id\");\\netc...Check the JsonPath specification page for more information on the other ways to transverse JSON.',\n",
       "      'You can use  libraries, for binding JSON String into  () instances. POJO is simply a class with only private fields and public getter/setter methods. Jackson is going to traverse the methods (using ), and maps the JSON object into the POJO instance as the field names of the class fits to the field names of the JSON object.In your JSON object, which is actually a  object, the main object consists o two sub-objects. So, our POJO classes should have the same hierarchy. I\\'ll call the whole JSON Object as  object.  object consist of a  object, and a  object array.So we have to create three different POJO classes;\\n\\n\\n\\nThe only package I\\'ve used is Jackson ObjectMapper, what we do is binding data;com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper\\nThe required dependencies, the jar files is listed below;\\n\\n\\n\\nHere is the required code;package com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class Page {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private Post[] posts;\\n\\n    public PageInfo getPageInfo() {\\n        return pageInfo;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPageInfo(PageInfo pageInfo) {\\n        this.pageInfo = pageInfo;\\n    }\\n\\n    public Post[] getPosts() {\\n        return posts;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPosts(Post[] posts) {\\n        this.posts = posts;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n\\n    public String getPageName() {\\n        return pageName;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPageName(String pageName) {\\n        this.pageName = pageName;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getPagePic() {\\n        return pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPagePic(String pagePic) {\\n        this.pagePic = pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex.model;\\n\\npublic class Post {\\n\\n    private String post_id;\\n    private String actor_id;\\n    private String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    private String message;\\n    private int likesCount;\\n    private String[] comments;\\n    private int timeOfPost;\\n\\n    public String getPost_id() {\\n        return post_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPost_id(String post_id) {\\n        this.post_id = post_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getActor_id() {\\n        return actor_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setActor_id(String actor_id) {\\n        this.actor_id = actor_id;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getPicOfPersonWhoPosted() {\\n        return picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setPicOfPersonWhoPosted(String picOfPersonWhoPosted) {\\n        this.picOfPersonWhoPosted = picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getNameOfPersonWhoPosted() {\\n        return nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setNameOfPersonWhoPosted(String nameOfPersonWhoPosted) {\\n        this.nameOfPersonWhoPosted = nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String getMessage() {\\n        return message;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setMessage(String message) {\\n        this.message = message;\\n    }\\n\\n    public int getLikesCount() {\\n        return likesCount;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setLikesCount(int likesCount) {\\n        this.likesCount = likesCount;\\n    }\\n\\n    public String[] getComments() {\\n        return comments;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setComments(String[] comments) {\\n        this.comments = comments;\\n    }\\n\\n    public int getTimeOfPost() {\\n        return timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n    public void setTimeOfPost(int timeOfPost) {\\n        this.timeOfPost = timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n}\\nI\\'ve just copied your JSON sample into this file and put it under the project folder.{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\npackage com.levo.jsonex;\\n\\nimport java.io.File;\\nimport java.io.IOException;\\nimport java.util.Arrays;\\n\\nimport com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.Page;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.PageInfo;\\nimport com.levo.jsonex.model.Post;\\n\\npublic class JSONDemo {\\n\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();\\n\\n        try {\\n            Page page = objectMapper.readValue(new File(\"sampleJSONFile.json\"), Page.class);\\n\\n            printParsedObject(page);\\n        } catch (IOException e) {\\n            e.printStackTrace();\\n        }\\n\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printParsedObject(Page page) {\\n        printPageInfo(page.getPageInfo());\\n        System.out.println();\\n        printPosts(page.getPosts());\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPageInfo(PageInfo pageInfo) {\\n        System.out.println(\"Page Info;\");\\n        System.out.println(\"**********\");\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPage Name : \" + pageInfo.getPageName());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPage Pic  : \" + pageInfo.getPagePic());\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPosts(Post[] posts) {\\n        System.out.println(\"Page Posts;\");\\n        System.out.println(\"**********\");\\n        for(Post post : posts) {\\n            printPost(post);\\n        }\\n    }\\n\\n    private static void printPost(Post post) {\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPost Id                   : \" + post.getPost_id());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tActor Id                  : \" + post.getActor_id());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tPic Of Person Who Posted  : \" + post.getPicOfPersonWhoPosted());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tName Of Person Who Posted : \" + post.getNameOfPersonWhoPosted());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tMessage                   : \" + post.getMessage());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tLikes Count               : \" + post.getLikesCount());\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tComments                  : \" + Arrays.toString(post.getComments()));\\n        System.out.println(\"\\\\tTime Of Post              : \" + post.getTimeOfPost());\\n    }\\n\\n}\\nPage Info;\\n****(*****\\n    Page Name : abc\\n    Page Pic  : http://example.com/content.jpg\\nPage Posts;\\n**********\\n    Post Id                   : 123456789012_123456789012\\n    Actor Id                  : 1234567890\\n    Pic Of Person Who Posted  : http://example.com/photo.jpg\\n    Name Of Person Who Posted : Jane Doe\\n    Message                   : Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\\n    Likes Count               : 2\\n    Comments                  : []\\n    Time Of Post              : 1234567890\\n',\n",
       "      'Use  which is very fast and easy to use.\\nYou can parse from String obj and Stream.Sample data:{\\n  \"order\": 4711,\\n  \"items\": [\\n    {\\n      \"name\": \"NE555 Timer IC\",\\n      \"cat-id\": \"645723\",\\n      \"quantity\": 10,\\n    },\\n    {\\n      \"name\": \"LM358N OpAmp IC\",\\n      \"cat-id\": \"764525\",\\n      \"quantity\": 2\\n    }\\n  ]\\n}\\nParsing:JsonObject object = Json.parse(input).asObject();\\nint orders = object.get(\"order\").asInt();\\nJsonArray items = object.get(\"items\").asArray();\\nCreating JSON:JsonObject user = Json.object().add(\"name\", \"Sakib\").add(\"age\", 23);\\nMaven:<dependency>\\n  <groupId>com.eclipsesource.minimal-json</groupId>\\n  <artifactId>minimal-json</artifactId>\\n  <version>0.9.4</version>\\n</dependency>\\n',\n",
       "      'I believe the best practice should be to go through the official  which are still work in progress.',\n",
       "      'Since nobody mentioned it yet, here is a beginning of a solution using  (JavaScript runtime part of Java 8, but deprecated in Java 11).private static final String EXTRACTOR_SCRIPT =\\n    \"var fun = function(raw) { \" +\\n    \"var json = JSON.parse(raw); \" +\\n    \"return [json.pageInfo.pageName, json.pageInfo.pagePic, json.posts[0].post_id];};\";\\n\\npublic void run() throws ScriptException, NoSuchMethodException {\\n    ScriptEngine engine = new ScriptEngineManager().getEngineByName(\"nashorn\");\\n    engine.eval(EXTRACTOR_SCRIPT);\\n    Invocable invocable = (Invocable) engine;\\n    JSObject result = (JSObject) invocable.invokeFunction(\"fun\", JSON);\\n    result.values().forEach(e -> System.out.println(e));\\n}\\nI wrote JSON content containing three arrays of respectively 20, 20 and 100 elements. I only want to get the 100 elements from the third array. I use the following JavaScript function to parse and get my entries.var fun = function(raw) {JSON.parse(raw).entries};\\nRunning the call a million times using  takes 7.5~7.8 seconds(JSObject) invocable.invokeFunction(\"fun\", json);\\n takes 20~21 secondsnew JSONObject(JSON).getJSONArray(\"entries\");\\n takes 6.5~7 secondsmapper.readValue(JSON, Entries.class).getEntries();\\nIn this case Jackson performs better than Nashorn, which performs much better than org.json.\\nNashorn API is harder to use than org.json\\'s or Jackson\\'s. Depending on your requirements Jackson and Nashorn both can be viable solutions.',\n",
       "      'The below example shows how to read the text in the question, represented as the \"jsonText\" variable.  This solution uses the Java EE7  API (which is mentioned in some of the other answers).  The reason I\\'ve added it as a separate answer is that the following code shows how to  access some of the values shown in the question.  An  would be required to make this code run.  The full package for each of the classes required was included as I didn\\'t want to declare \"import\" statements.javax.json.JsonReader jr = \\n    javax.json.Json.createReader(new StringReader(jsonText));\\njavax.json.JsonObject jo = jr.readObject();\\n\\n//Read the page info.\\njavax.json.JsonObject pageInfo = jo.getJsonObject(\"pageInfo\");\\nSystem.out.println(pageInfo.getString(\"pageName\"));\\n\\n//Read the posts.\\njavax.json.JsonArray posts = jo.getJsonArray(\"posts\");\\n//Read the first post.\\njavax.json.JsonObject post = posts.getJsonObject(0);\\n//Read the post_id field.\\nString postId = post.getString(\"post_id\");\\nNow, before anyone goes and downvotes this answer because it doesn\\'t use GSON, org.json, Jackson, or any of the other 3rd party frameworks available, it\\'s an example of \"required code\" per the question to parse the provided text.  I am well aware that  and as such the  should be treated the same as any other 3rd party JSON handling implementation.',\n",
       "      'This blew my mind with how easy it was. You can just pass a String holding your JSON to the constructor of a JSONObject in the default org.json package. JSONArray rootOfPage =  new JSONArray(JSONString);\\nDone. .\\nThis works with JSONObjects as well. After that, you can just look through your hierarchy of Objects using the get() methods on your objects.',\n",
       "      'There are many JSON libraries available in Java.The most notorious ones are: Jackson, GSON, Genson, FastJson and org.json.There are typically three things one should look at for choosing any library:Specifically for JSON libraries (and any serialization/deserialization libs), databinding is also usually of interest as it removes the need of writing boiler-plate code to pack/unpack the data.For 1, see this benchmark:  I did using  which compares (jackson, gson, genson, fastjson, org.json, jsonp) performance of serializers and deserializers using stream and databind APIs.\\nFor 2, you can find numerous examples on the Internet. The benchmark above can also be used as a source of examples...Quick takeaway of the benchmark:  performs 5 to 6 times better than org.json and more than twice better than GSON.For your particular example, the following code decodes your json with jackson:public class MyObj {\\n\\n    private PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    private List<Post> posts;\\n\\n    static final class PageInfo {\\n        private String pageName;\\n        private String pagePic;\\n    }\\n\\n    static final class Post {\\n        private String post_id;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"actor_id\");\\n        private String actorId;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"picOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n        private String pictureOfPoster;\\n        @JsonProperty(\"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n        private String nameOfPoster;\\n        private String likesCount;\\n        private List<String> comments;\\n        private String timeOfPost;\\n    }\\n\\n    private static final ObjectMapper JACKSON = new ObjectMapper();\\n    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {\\n        MyObj o = JACKSON.readValue(args[0], MyObj.class); // assumes args[0] contains your json payload provided in your question.\\n    }\\n}\\nLet me know if you have any questions.',\n",
       "      'In addition to other answers, I recomend this online opensource service  for quick generating Java classes from json or json schema for GSON, Jackson 1.x or Jackson 2.x. For example, if you have:{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": 1234567890,\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": 2,\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": 1234567890\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\nThe  for GSON generated:@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class Container {\\n    @SerializedName(\"pageInfo\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public PageInfo pageInfo;\\n    @SerializedName(\"posts\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public List<Post> posts = new ArrayList<Post>();\\n}\\n\\n@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class PageInfo {\\n    @SerializedName(\"pageName\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String pageName;\\n    @SerializedName(\"pagePic\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String pagePic;\\n}\\n\\n@Generated(\"org.jsonschema2pojo\")\\npublic class Post {\\n    @SerializedName(\"post_id\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String postId;\\n    @SerializedName(\"actor_id\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long actorId;\\n    @SerializedName(\"picOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String picOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    @SerializedName(\"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String nameOfPersonWhoPosted;\\n    @SerializedName(\"message\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public String message;\\n    @SerializedName(\"likesCount\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long likesCount;\\n    @SerializedName(\"comments\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public List<Object> comments = new ArrayList<Object>();\\n    @SerializedName(\"timeOfPost\")\\n    @Expose\\n    public long timeOfPost;\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'If you have some Java class(say Message) representing the JSON string(jsonString), you can use   JSON library with:Message message= new ObjectMapper().readValue(jsonString, Message.class);\\nand from message object you can fetch any of its attribute.',\n",
       "      ' is easy to learn and implement, what we need to know are following two methods\\n – Convert Java object to JSON format\\n – Convert JSON into Java object\\n`import java.io.BufferedReader;\\nimport java.io.FileReader;\\nimport java.io.IOException;\\nimport com.google.gson.Gson;\\n\\npublic class GsonExample {\\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\\n\\n    Gson gson = new Gson();\\n\\n    try {\\n\\n        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(\\n            new FileReader(\"c:\\\\\\\\file.json\"));\\n\\n        //convert the json string back to object\\n        DataObject obj = gson.fromJson(br, DataObject.class);\\n\\n        System.out.println(obj);\\n\\n    } catch (IOException e) {\\n        e.printStackTrace();\\n    }\\n\\n    }\\n}\\n`',\n",
       "      'There are many open source libraries present to parse JSON content to an object or just to read JSON values. Your requirement is just to read values and parsing it to custom object. So org.json library is enough in your case.Use org.json library to parse it and create JsonObject:JSONObject jsonObj = new JSONObject(<jsonStr>);\\nNow, use this object to get your values:String id = jsonObj.getString(\"pageInfo\");\\nYou can see a complete example here:',\n",
       "      'Please do something like this:JSONParser jsonParser = new JSONParser();\\nJSONObject obj = (JSONObject) jsonParser.parse(contentString);\\nString product = (String) jsonObject.get(\"productId\");\\n',\n",
       "      'You can use the Gson Library to parse the JSON string.Gson gson = new Gson();\\nJsonObject jsonObject = gson.fromJson(jsonAsString, JsonObject.class);\\n\\nString pageName = jsonObject.getAsJsonObject(\"pageInfo\").get(\"pageName\").getAsString();\\nString pagePic = jsonObject.getAsJsonObject(\"pageInfo\").get(\"pagePic\").getAsString();\\nString postId = jsonObject.getAsJsonArray(\"posts\").get(0).getAsJsonObject().get(\"post_id\").getAsString();\\nYou can also loop through the \"posts\" array as so:JsonArray posts = jsonObject.getAsJsonArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (JsonElement post : posts) {\\n  String postId = post.getAsJsonObject().get(\"post_id\").getAsString();\\n  //do something\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'Read the following blog post, .This post is a little bit old, but still I want to answer you question.Step 1: Create a POJO class of your data.Step 2: Now create a object using JSON.Employee employee = null;\\nObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();\\ntry {\\n    employee =  mapper.readValue(newFile(\"/home/sumit/employee.json\"), Employee.class);\\n} \\ncatch(JsonGenerationException e) {\\n    e.printStackTrace();\\n}\\nFor further reference you can refer to the following .',\n",
       "      '{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    },\\n    \"posts\": [\\n         {\\n              \"post_id\": \"123456789012_123456789012\",\\n              \"actor_id\": \"1234567890\",\\n              \"picOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"http://example.com/photo.jpg\",\\n              \"nameOfPersonWhoPosted\": \"Jane Doe\",\\n              \"message\": \"Sounds cool. Can\\'t wait to see it!\",\\n              \"likesCount\": \"2\",\\n              \"comments\": [],\\n              \"timeOfPost\": \"1234567890\"\\n         }\\n    ]\\n}\\n\\nJava code :\\n\\nJSONObject obj = new JSONObject(responsejsonobj);\\nString pageName = obj.getJSONObject(\"pageInfo\").getString(\"pageName\");\\n\\nJSONArray arr = obj.getJSONArray(\"posts\");\\nfor (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++)\\n{\\n    String post_id = arr.getJSONObject(i).getString(\"post_id\");\\n    ......etc\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'Top answers on this page use too simple examples like object with one property (e.g. {name: value}). I think that still simple but real life example can help someone. So this is the JSON returned by Google Translate API: {\\n  \"data\": \\n     {\\n        \"translations\": \\n          [\\n            {\\n              \"translatedText\": \"Arbeit\"\\n             }\\n          ]\\n     }\\n}\\nI want to retrieve the value of \"translatedText\" attribute e.g. \"Arbeit\" using Google\\'s Gson.Two possible approaches: Retrieve just one needed attributeString json  = callToTranslateApi(\"work\", \"de\");\\nJsonObject jsonObject = new JsonParser().parse(json).getAsJsonObject();\\nreturn jsonObject.get(\"data\").getAsJsonObject()\\n        .get(\"translations\").getAsJsonArray()\\n        .get(0).getAsJsonObject()\\n        .get(\"translatedText\").getAsString();\\nCreate Java object from JSONclass ApiResponse {\\n    Data data;      \\n    class Data {\\n        Translation[] translations;         \\n        class Translation {\\n            String translatedText;\\n        }\\n     }\\n }\\n... Gson g = new Gson();\\n String json =callToTranslateApi(\"work\", \"de\");\\n ApiResponse response = g.fromJson(json, ApiResponse.class);\\n return response.data.translations[0].translatedText;\\n',\n",
       "      'First you need to select an  to do that.The  provides portable APIs to parse, generate, transform, and query JSON using object model and streaming APIs. The  is here:  Here you can find a  of JSR 353:And ... I found this article as well:If you go for Jackson, here is a good article about conversion between JSON to/from Java using Jackson: Hope it helps!',\n",
       "      'You can use . Below is a GitHub link with source code, pom details and good documentation.Please follow the below steps.: Add the jayway JSON path dependency in your class path using Maven or download the JAR file and manually add it.<dependency>\\n            <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n            <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n            <version>2.2.0</version>\\n</dependency>\\n: Please save your input JSON as a file for this example. In my case I saved your JSON as sampleJson.txt. Note you missed a comma between pageInfo and posts.: Read the JSON contents from the above file using bufferedReader and save it as String.BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"D:\\\\\\\\sampleJson.txt\"));\\n\\n        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();\\n        String line = br.readLine();\\n\\n        while (line != null) {\\n            sb.append(line);\\n            sb.append(System.lineSeparator());\\n            line = br.readLine();\\n        }\\n        br.close();\\n        String jsonInput = sb.toString();\\n: Parse your JSON string using jayway JSON parser.Object document = Configuration.defaultConfiguration().jsonProvider().parse(jsonInput);\\n: Read the details like below.String pageName = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.pageInfo.pageName\");\\nString pagePic = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.pageInfo.pagePic\");\\nString post_id = JsonPath.read(document, \"$.posts[0].post_id\");\\n\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.pageInfo.pageName \" + pageName);\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.pageInfo.pagePic \" + pagePic);\\nSystem.out.println(\"$.posts[0].post_id \" + post_id);\\n:$.pageInfo.pageName = abc\\n$.pageInfo.pagePic = http://example.com/content.jpg\\n$.posts[0].post_id  = 123456789012_123456789012\\n',\n",
       "      '{\\n   \"pageInfo\": {\\n         \"pageName\": \"abc\",\\n         \"pagePic\": \"http://example.com/content.jpg\"\\n    }\\n}\\nclass PageInfo {\\n\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pagePic;\\n\\n    // Getters and setters\\n}\\n    PageInfo pageInfo = JsonPath.parse(jsonString).read(\"$.pageInfo\", PageInfo.class);\\n<dependency>\\n    <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>\\n    <version>2.2.0</version>\\n</dependency>\\n',\n",
       "      'One can use  to create  model classes representing structure of  files and use them to access various elements in the  tree. Unlike other solutions this one  and is thus suitable for environments where reflection is impossible or comes with significant overhead.There is a  showing the usage. First of all it defines the structure:@Model(className=\"RepositoryInfo\", properties = {\\n    @Property(name = \"id\", type = int.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"name\", type = String.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"owner\", type = Owner.class),\\n    @Property(name = \"private\", type = boolean.class),\\n})\\nfinal class RepositoryCntrl {\\n    @Model(className = \"Owner\", properties = {\\n        @Property(name = \"login\", type = String.class)\\n    })\\n    static final class OwnerCntrl {\\n    }\\n}\\nand then it uses the generated RepositoryInfo and Owner classes to parse the provided input stream and pick certain information up while doing that:List<RepositoryInfo> repositories = new ArrayList<>();\\ntry (InputStream is = initializeStream(args)) {\\n    Models.parse(CONTEXT, RepositoryInfo.class, is, repositories);\\n}\\n\\nSystem.err.println(\"there is \" + repositories.size() + \" repositories\");\\nrepositories.stream().filter((repo) -> repo != null).forEach((repo) -> {\\n    System.err.println(\"repository \" + repo.getName() + \\n        \" is owned by \" + repo.getOwner().getLogin()\\n    );\\n})\\nThat is it! In addition to that here is a  showing similar example together with asynchronous network communication.',\n",
       "      'jsoniter (jsoniterator) is a relatively new and simple json library, designed to be simple and fast. All you need to do to deserialize json data isJsonIterator.deserialize(jsonData, int[].class);\\nwhere jsonData is a string of json data.Check out the \\nfor more information.',\n",
       "      'If you have maven project then add below dependency  or normal project add json-simple jar.<dependency>\\n    <groupId>org.json</groupId>\\n    <artifactId>json</artifactId>\\n    <version>20180813</version>\\n</dependency>\\nWrite below java code for convert JSON string to JSON array.JSONArray ja = new JSONArray(String jsonString);\\n',\n",
       "      'We can use the JSONObject class to convert a JSON string to a JSON object,\\nand to iterate over the JSON object. Use the following code.JSONObject jObj = new JSONObject(contents.trim());\\nIterator<?> keys = jObj.keys();\\n\\nwhile( keys.hasNext() ) {\\n  String key = (String)keys.next();\\n  if ( jObj.get(key) instanceof JSONObject ) {           \\n    System.out.println(jObj.getString(String key));\\n  }\\n}\\n',\n",
       "      'You can use  stream parsing library for parsing complex json and XML document. DSM parse data only once and not load all data into memory. Let\\'s say we have  class to deserialize given json data.Page classpublic class Page {\\n    private String pageName;\\n    private String pageImage;\\n    private List<Sting> postIds;\\n\\n    // getter/setter\\n\\n}\\nCreate a yaml Mapping file.result:\\n  type: object     # result is array\\n  path: /posts\\n  fields:\\n    pageName:\\n        path: /pageInfo/pageName\\n    pageImage:\\n        path: /pageInfo/pagePic\\n    postIds:\\n      path: post_id\\n      type: array\\nUse DSM to extract fields.DSM dsm=new DSMBuilder(new File(\"path-to-yaml-config.yaml\")).create(Page.class);\\nPage page= (Page)dsm.toObject(new path-to-json-data.json\");\\n variable serialized to json:{\\n  \"pageName\" : \"abc\",\\n  \"pageImage\" : \"http://example.com/content.jpg\",\\n  \"postIds\" : [ \"123456789012_123456789012\" ]\\n}\\n']}}]}}"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "es.search(index=\"stackoverflow3\", body={\"query\": {\"match\": {'question': 'How to add JTable in JPanel with null layout?'}}})\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "module https://tfhub.dev/google/universal-sentence-encoder/4 loaded\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "from absl import logging\n",
    "\n",
    "import tensorflow as tf\n",
    "\n",
    "import tensorflow_hub as hub\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import os\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import re\n",
    "import seaborn as sns\n",
    "\n",
    "module_url = \"https://tfhub.dev/google/universal-sentence-encoder/4\" #@param [\"https://tfhub.dev/google/universal-sentence-encoder/4\", \"https://tfhub.dev/google/universal-sentence-encoder-large/5\"]\n",
    "model = hub.load(module_url)\n",
    "print (\"module %s loaded\" % module_url)\n",
    "def embed(input):\n",
    "  return model(input)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from absl import logging\n",
    "\n",
    "import tensorflow as tf\n",
    "\n",
    "import tensorflow_hub as hub\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "import numpy as np\n",
    "import os\n",
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import re\n",
    "import seaborn as sns\n",
    "embed = hub.load('universal_encoder')\n",
    "def make_vector(query):\n",
    "    embeddings = embed([query])\n",
    "    vector = []\n",
    "    for i in embeddings[0]:\n",
    "        vector.append(float(i))\n",
    "    return vector"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def search(query):\n",
    "    def norm_list(lis):\n",
    "        scores = [x[0] for x in lis]\n",
    "        ma = max(scores)\n",
    "        mi = min(scores)\n",
    "        for i in range(len(lis)):\n",
    "            lis[i][0] = (lis[i][0] - mi)/(ma - mi)\n",
    "        return lis\n",
    "    \n",
    "    request={\n",
    "            'query':{ 'match':{\"question\":query } }\n",
    "            }\n",
    "\n",
    "    res= es.search(index='test-database1',body=request)\n",
    "    l1 = []\n",
    "    for hit in res['hits']['hits']:\n",
    "        l1.append([hit['_score'] , hit['_id']])\n",
    "# change the cosine similarity to euclidean distance\n",
    "\n",
    "    query_vector = make_vector(query)\n",
    "    request = {\"query\" : {\n",
    "                \"script_score\" : {\n",
    "                    \"query\" : {\n",
    "                        \"match_all\": {}\n",
    "                    },\n",
    "                    \"script\" : {\n",
    "                        \"source\": \"cosineSimilarity(params.query_vector, 'total_vectors') + 1.0\",\n",
    "                        \"params\": {\"query_vector\": query_vector}\n",
    "                    }\n",
    "                }\n",
    "             }\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    res= es.search(index='test-database1',body=request)\n",
    "    l2 = []\n",
    "    for hit in res['hits']['hits']:\n",
    "        l2.append([hit['_score'] , hit['_id']])\n",
    "    \n",
    "    l1 = norm_list(l1)\n",
    "    l2 = norm_list(l2)\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # getting the weighted average score for the text search and semantics search\n",
    "    temp_doc = {}\n",
    "    for i in l1:\n",
    "        temp_doc[i[1]]  = i[0]*2\n",
    "    for i in l2:\n",
    "        temp_doc[i[1]] = temp_doc.get(i[1] , 0) + i[0]*5\n",
    "    \n",
    "    inverse_temp_doc = [(i[1] , i[0])  for i in temp_doc.items()]\n",
    "    inverse_temp_doc = sorted(inverse_temp_doc , reverse = True)\n",
    "    return inverse_temp_doc[:10]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "SQL select only rows with max value on a column [duplicate]\n",
      "I have this table for documents (simplified version here):+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\n",
      "| id   | rev   | content                              |\n",
      "+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\n",
      "| 1    | 1     | ...                                  |\n",
      "| 2    | 1     | ...                                  |\n",
      "| 1    | 2     | ...                                  |\n",
      "| 1    | 3     | ...                                  |\n",
      "+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\n",
      "How do I select one row per id and only the greatest rev?\n",
      "With the above data, the result should contain two rows: [1, 3, ...] and [2, 1, ..]. I'm using .Currently I use checks in the while loop to detect and over-write old revs from the resultset. But is this the only method to achieve the result? Isn't there a  solution?\n",
      "As the answers suggest, there  a SQL solution, and . \n",
      "I noticed after adding the above , the rate at which the question is upvoted has surpassed the upvote rate of the answers. That has not been the intention! The fiddle is based on the answers, especially the accepted answer.\n",
      "[\"I have this table for documents (simplified version here):+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\\n| id   | rev   | content                              |\\n+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\\n| 1    | 1     | ...                                  |\\n| 2    | 1     | ...                                  |\\n| 1    | 2     | ...                                  |\\n| 1    | 3     | ...                                  |\\n+------+-------+--------------------------------------+\\nHow do I select one row per id and only the greatest rev?\\nWith the above data, the result should contain two rows: [1, 3, ...] and [2, 1, ..]. I'm using .Currently I use checks in the while loop to detect and over-write old revs from the resultset. But is this the only method to achieve the result? Isn't there a  solution?\\nAs the answers suggest, there  a SQL solution, and . \\nI noticed after adding the above , the rate at which the question is upvoted has surpassed the upvote rate of the answers. That has not been the intention! The fiddle is based on the answers, especially the accepted answer.\", 'All you need is a GROUP BY clause with the MAX aggregate function:SELECT id, MAX(rev)\\nFROM YourTable\\nGROUP BY id\\nI just noticed you need the content column as well.This is a very common question in SQL: find the whole data for the row with some max value in a column per some group identifier. I heard that a lot during my career. Actually, it was one the questions I answered in my current job\\'s technical interview. It is, actually, so common that StackOverflow community has created a single tag just to deal with questions like that: .Basically, you have two approaches to solve that problem:group-identifier, max-value-in-groupIn this approach, you first find the group-identifier, max-value-in-group (already solved above) in a sub-query. Then you join your table to the sub-query with equality on both group-identifier and max-value-in-group:SELECT a.id, a.rev, a.contents\\nFROM YourTable a\\nINNER JOIN (\\n    SELECT id, MAX(rev) rev\\n    FROM YourTable\\n    GROUP BY id\\n) b ON a.id = b.id AND a.rev = b.rev\\nIn this approach, you left join the table with itself. Equality goes in the group-identifier. Then, 2 smart moves: NULLLEFT JOINNULLSo you end up with:SELECT a.*\\nFROM YourTable a\\nLEFT OUTER JOIN YourTable b\\n    ON a.id = b.id AND a.rev < b.rev\\nWHERE b.id IS NULL;\\nBoth approaches bring the exact same result. If you have two rows with max-value-in-group for group-identifier, both rows will be in the result in both approaches.Both approaches are SQL ANSI compatible, thus, will work with your favorite RDBMS, regardless of its \"flavor\".Both approaches are also performance friendly, however your mileage may vary (RDBMS, DB Structure, Indexes, etc.). So when you pick one approach over the other, . And make sure you pick the one which make most of sense to you.', 'My preference is to use as little code as possible...You can do it using IN\\ntry this:SELECT * \\nFROM t1 WHERE (id,rev) IN \\n( SELECT id, MAX(rev)\\n  FROM t1\\n  GROUP BY id\\n)\\nto my mind it is less complicated... easier to read and maintain.', 'I am flabbergasted that no answer offered SQL window function solution:SELECT a.id, a.rev, a.contents\\n  FROM (SELECT id, rev, contents,\\n               ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY rev DESC) rank\\n          FROM YourTable) a\\n WHERE a.rank = 1 \\nAdded in SQL standard ANSI/ISO Standard SQL:2003  and later extended with ANSI/ISO Standard SQL:2008, window (or windowing) functions are available with all major vendors now. There are more types of rank functions available to deal with a tie issue: RANK, DENSE_RANK, PERSENT_RANK.', \"Yet another solution is to use a correlated subquery:select yt.id, yt.rev, yt.contents\\n    from YourTable yt\\n    where rev = \\n        (select max(rev) from YourTable st where yt.id=st.id)\\nHaving an index on (id,rev) renders the subquery almost as a simple lookup...Following are comparisons to the solutions in @AdrianCarneiro's answer (subquery, leftjoin), based on MySQL measurements with InnoDB table of ~1million records, group size being: 1-3.While for full table scans subquery/leftjoin/correlated timings relate to each other as 6/8/9, when it comes to direct lookups or batch (id in (1,2,3)), subquery is much slower then the others (Due to rerunning the subquery). However I couldnt differentiate between leftjoin and correlated solutions in speed.One final note, as leftjoin creates n*(n+1)/2 joins in groups, its performance can be heavily affected by the size of groups...\", 'I can\\'t vouch for the performance, but here\\'s a trick inspired by the limitations of Microsoft Excel.  It has some good features\\n\\n\\nIt is a little bit ugly and requires that you know something about the range of valid values of the  column.  Let us assume that we know the  column is a number between 0.00 and 999 including decimals but that there will only ever be two digits to the right of the decimal point (e.g. 34.17 would be a valid value).The gist of the thing is that you create a single synthetic column by string concatenating/packing the primary comparison field along with the data you want.  In this way, you can force SQL\\'s MAX() aggregate function to return all of the data (because it has been packed into a single column).  Then you have to unpack the data.Here\\'s how it looks with the above example, written in SQLSELECT id, \\n       CAST(SUBSTRING(max(packed_col) FROM 2 FOR 6) AS float) as max_rev,\\n       SUBSTRING(max(packed_col) FROM 11) AS content_for_max_rev \\nFROM  (SELECT id, \\n       CAST(1000 + rev + .001 as CHAR) || \\'---\\' || CAST(content AS char) AS packed_col\\n       FROM yourtable\\n      ) \\nGROUP BY id\\nThe packing begins by forcing the  column to be a number of known character length regardless of the value of  so that for example\\n\\n\\n\\nIf you do it right, string comparison of two numbers should yield the same \"max\" as numeric comparison of the two numbers and it\\'s easy to convert back to the original number using the substring function (which is available in one form or another pretty much everywhere).', 'Newer versions of MySQL come with ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY enabled by default, and many of the solutions here will  in testing with this condition.Even so, we can simply select DISTINCT , MAX(  ), ( *somethirdfield ), etc., and have no worries understanding the result or how the query works :SELECT DISTINCT t1.id, MAX(t1.rev), MAX(t2.content)\\nFROM Table1 AS t1\\nJOIN Table1 AS t2 ON t2.id = t1.id AND t2.rev = (\\n    SELECT MAX(rev) FROM Table1 t3 WHERE t3.id = t1.id\\n)\\nGROUP BY t1.id;\\n\\nSELECT DISTINCT Table1.id, max(Table1.rev), max(Table2.content)DISTINCTMAX()MAX()\\nFROM Employee\\nJOIN Table1 AS Table2 ON Table2.rev = Table1.rev\\nGROUP BY Table1.id\\nNote that since \"content\" was \"...\" in OP\\'s question, there\\'s no way to test that this works.  So, I changed that to \"..a\", \"..b\", so, we can actually now see that the results are correct:id  max(Table1.rev) max(Table2.content)\\n1   3   ..d\\n2   1   ..b\\n  DISTINCT(), MAX(), etc., all make wonderful use of MySQL indices.  This will be faster.  Or, it will be much faster, if you have indexing, and you compare it to a query that looks at all rows.With ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY disabled, we can use still use GROUP BY, but then we are only using it on the Salary, and not the id:SELECT *\\nFROM\\n    (SELECT *\\n    FROM Employee\\n    ORDER BY Salary DESC)\\nAS employeesub\\nGROUP BY employeesub.Salary;\\n\\nSELECT *\\nFROM Employee\\n(SELECT *...)\\nGROUP BY employeesub.Salary\\nNote the : \"Each row in a table has its own unique key.\"  This would mean that, in the question\\'s example, id would  unique, and in that case, we can just do :SELECT *\\nFROM Employee\\nWHERE Employee.id = 12345\\nORDER BY Employee.Salary DESC\\nLIMIT 1\\nHopefully this is a solution that solves the problem and helps everyone better understand what\\'s happening in the DB.', 'Something like this?SELECT yourtable.id, rev, content\\nFROM yourtable\\nINNER JOIN (\\n    SELECT id, max(rev) as maxrev\\n    FROM yourtable\\n    GROUP BY id\\n) AS child ON (yourtable.id = child.id) AND (yourtable.rev = maxrev)\\n', 'Another manner to do the job is using MAX() analytic function in OVER PARTITION clauseSELECT t.*\\n  FROM\\n    (\\n    SELECT id\\n          ,rev\\n          ,contents\\n          ,MAX(rev) OVER (PARTITION BY id) as max_rev\\n      FROM YourTable\\n    ) t\\n  WHERE t.rev = t.max_rev \\nThe other ROW_NUMBER() OVER PARTITION solution already documented in this post isSELECT t.*\\n  FROM\\n    (\\n    SELECT id\\n          ,rev\\n          ,contents\\n          ,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY rev DESC) rank\\n      FROM YourTable\\n    ) t\\n  WHERE t.rank = 1 \\nThis 2 SELECT work well on Oracle 10g.MAX() solution runs certainly FASTER that ROW_NUMBER() solution because MAX() complexity is O(n) while ROW_NUMBER() complexity is at minimum O(n.log(n)) where n represent the number of records in table !', 'I like to use a NOT EXIST-based solution for this problem:SELECT \\n  id, \\n  rev\\n  -- you can select other columns here\\nFROM YourTable t\\nWHERE NOT EXISTS (\\n   SELECT * FROM YourTable t WHERE t.id = id AND rev > t.rev\\n)\\nThis will select all records with max value within the group and allows you to select other columns.', 'SELECT *\\nFROM Employee\\nwhere Employee.Salary in (select max(salary) from Employee group by Employe_id)\\nORDER BY Employee.Salary\\n', \"A third solution I hardly ever see mentioned is MySQL specific and looks like this:SELECT id, MAX(rev) AS rev\\n , 0+SUBSTRING_INDEX(GROUP_CONCAT(numeric_content ORDER BY rev DESC), ',', 1) AS numeric_content\\nFROM t1\\nGROUP BY id\\nYes it looks awful (converting to string and back etc.) but in my experience it's usually faster than the other solutions. Maybe that just for my use cases, but I have used it on tables with millions of records and many unique ids. Maybe it's because MySQL is pretty bad at optimizing the other solutions (at least in the 5.0 days when I came up with this solution).One important thing is that GROUP_CONCAT has a maximum length for the string it can build up. You probably want to raise this limit by setting the group_concat_max_len variable. And keep in mind that this will be a limit on scaling if you have a large number of rows.Anyway, the above doesn't directly work if your content field is already text. In that case you probably want to use a different separator, like \\\\0 maybe. You'll also run into the group_concat_max_len limit quicker.\", 'I think, You want this?select * from docs where (id, rev) IN (select id, max(rev) as rev from docs group by id order by id)  \\nSQL Fiddle :\\n', ', but for other people finding this question and using SQL, another way to resolve the  problem is using Cross Apply in MS SQLWITH DocIds AS (SELECT DISTINCT id FROM docs)\\n\\nSELECT d2.id, d2.rev, d2.content\\nFROM DocIds d1\\nCROSS APPLY (\\n  SELECT Top 1 * FROM docs d\\n  WHERE d.id = d1.id\\n  ORDER BY rev DESC\\n) d2\\n', \"Since this is most popular question with regard to this problem, I'll re-post another answer to it here as well:It looks like there is simpler way to do this (but ):select *\\nfrom (select * from mytable order by id, rev desc ) x\\ngroup by id\\n in  for providing such a concise and elegant answer to this problem. though this solution works for many people it may not be stable in the long run, since MySQL doesn't guarantee that GROUP BY statement will return meaningful values for columns not in GROUP BY list. So use this solution at your own risk!\", 'I would use this:select t.*\\nfrom test as t\\njoin\\n   (select max(rev) as rev\\n    from test\\n    group by id) as o\\non o.rev = t.rev\\nSubquery SELECT is not too eficient maybe, but in JOIN clause seems to be usable. I\\'m not an expert in optimizing queries, but I\\'ve tried at MySQL, PostgreSQL, FireBird and it does work very good.You can use this schema in multiple joins and with WHERE clause. It is my working example (solving identical to yours problem with table \"firmy\"):select *\\nfrom platnosci as p\\njoin firmy as f\\non p.id_rel_firmy = f.id_rel\\njoin (select max(id_obj) as id_obj\\n      from firmy\\n      group by id_rel) as o\\non o.id_obj = f.id_obj and p.od > \\'2014-03-01\\'\\nIt is asked on tables having teens thusands of records, and it takes less then 0,01 second on really not too strong machine.I wouldn\\'t use IN clause (as it is mentioned somewhere above). IN is given to use with short lists of constans, and not as to be the query filter built on subquery. It is because subquery in IN is performed for every scanned record which can made query taking very loooong time.', 'If you have many fields in select statement and you want latest  value for all of those fields through optimized code:select * from\\n(select * from table_name\\norder by id,rev desc) temp\\ngroup by id \\n', 'How about this:SELECT all_fields.*  \\nFROM (SELECT id, MAX(rev) FROM yourtable GROUP BY id) AS max_recs  \\nLEFT OUTER JOIN yourtable AS all_fields \\nON max_recs.id = all_fields.id\\n', \"This solution makes only one selection from YourTable, therefore it's faster. It works only for MySQL and SQLite(for SQLite remove DESC) according to test on sqlfiddle.com. Maybe it can be tweaked to work on other languages which I am not familiar with.SELECT *\\nFROM ( SELECT *\\n       FROM ( SELECT 1 as id, 1 as rev, 'content1' as content\\n              UNION\\n              SELECT 2, 1, 'content2'\\n              UNION\\n              SELECT 1, 2, 'content3'\\n              UNION\\n              SELECT 1, 3, 'content4'\\n            ) as YourTable\\n       ORDER BY id, rev DESC\\n   ) as YourTable\\nGROUP BY id\\n\", 'Here is a nice way of doing thatUse following code :with temp as  ( \\nselect count(field1) as summ , field1\\nfrom table_name\\ngroup by field1 )\\nselect * from temp where summ = (select max(summ) from temp)\\n', \"I like to do this by ranking the records by some column. In this case, rank rev values grouped by id. Those with higher rev will have lower rankings. So highest rev will have ranking of 1.select id, rev, content\\nfrom\\n (select\\n    @rowNum := if(@prevValue = id, @rowNum+1, 1) as row_num,\\n    id, rev, content,\\n    @prevValue := id\\n  from\\n   (select id, rev, content from YOURTABLE order by id asc, rev desc) TEMP,\\n   (select @rowNum := 1 from DUAL) X,\\n   (select @prevValue := -1 from DUAL) Y) TEMP\\nwhere row_num = 1;\\nNot sure if introducing variables makes the whole thing slower. But at least I'm not querying YOURTABLE twice.\", \"Sorted the rev field in reverse order and then grouped by id which gave the first row of each grouping which is the one with the highest rev value.SELECT * FROM (SELECT * FROM table1 ORDER BY id, rev DESC) X GROUP BY X.id;\\nTested in  with the following dataCREATE TABLE table1\\n    (`id` int, `rev` int, `content` varchar(11));\\n\\nINSERT INTO table1\\n    (`id`, `rev`, `content`)\\nVALUES\\n    (1, 1, 'One-One'),\\n    (1, 2, 'One-Two'),\\n    (2, 1, 'Two-One'),\\n    (2, 2, 'Two-Two'),\\n    (3, 2, 'Three-Two'),\\n    (3, 1, 'Three-One'),\\n    (3, 3, 'Three-Three')\\n;\\nThis gave the following result in MySql 5.5 and 5.6 id  rev content\\n1   2   One-Two\\n2   2   Two-Two\\n3   3   Three-Two\\n\", 'here is another solution hope it will help someone    Select a.id , a.rev, a.content from Table1 a\\ninner join \\n(SELECT id, max(rev) rev FROM Table1 GROUP BY id) x on x.id =a.id and x.rev =a.rev\\n', 'None of these answers have worked for me.This is what worked for me.with score as (select max(score_up) from history)\\nselect history.* from score, history where history.score_up = score.max\\n', \"Here's another solution to retrieving the records only with a field that has the maximum value for that field. This works for SQL400 which is the platform I work on. In this example, the records with the maximum value in field FIELD5 will be retrieved by the following SQL statement.SELECT A.KEYFIELD1, A.KEYFIELD2, A.FIELD3, A.FIELD4, A.FIELD5\\n  FROM MYFILE A\\n WHERE RRN(A) IN\\n   (SELECT RRN(B) \\n      FROM MYFILE B\\n     WHERE B.KEYFIELD1 = A.KEYFIELD1 AND B.KEYFIELD2 = A.KEYFIELD2\\n     ORDER BY B.FIELD5 DESC\\n     FETCH FIRST ROW ONLY)\\n\", \"This is not pure SQL. This will use the SQLAlchemy ORM.I came here looking for SQLAlchemy help, so I will duplicate Adrian Carneiro's answer with the python/SQLAlchemy version, specifically the outer join part.This query answers the question of:     This allows me to duplicate the record, update it, increment its version number, and have the copy of the old version in such a way that I can show change over time.MyTableAlias = aliased(MyTable)\\nnewest_records = appdb.session.query(MyTable).select_from(join(\\n    MyTable, \\n    MyTableAlias, \\n    onclause=and_(\\n        MyTable.id == MyTableAlias.id,\\n        MyTable.version_int < MyTableAlias.version_int\\n    ),\\n    isouter=True\\n    )\\n).filter(\\n    MyTableAlias.id  == None,\\n).all()\\nTested on a PostgreSQL database.\", 'I used the below to solve a problem of my own. I first created a temp table and inserted the max rev value per unique id.CREATE TABLE #temp1\\n(\\n    id varchar(20)\\n    , rev int\\n)\\nINSERT INTO #temp1\\nSELECT a.id, MAX(a.rev) as rev\\nFROM \\n    (\\n        SELECT id, content, SUM(rev) as rev\\n        FROM YourTable\\n        GROUP BY id, content\\n    ) as a \\nGROUP BY a.id\\nORDER BY a.id\\nI then joined these max values (#temp1) to all of the possible id/content combinations. By doing this, I naturally filter out the non-maximum id/content combinations, and am left with the only max rev values for each.SELECT a.id, a.rev, content\\nFROM #temp1 as a\\nLEFT JOIN\\n    (\\n        SELECT id, content, SUM(rev) as rev\\n        FROM YourTable\\n        GROUP BY id, content\\n    ) as b on a.id = b.id and a.rev = b.rev\\nGROUP BY a.id, a.rev, b.content\\nORDER BY a.id\\n', 'You can make the select without a join when you combine the rev and id into one maxRevId value for MAX() and then split it back to original values:SELECT maxRevId & ((1 << 32) - 1) as id, maxRevId >> 32 AS rev\\nFROM (SELECT MAX(((rev << 32) | id)) AS maxRevId\\n      FROM YourTable\\n      GROUP BY id) x;\\nThis is especially fast when there is a complex join instead of a single table. With the traditional approaches the complex join would be done twice.The above combination is simple with bit functions when rev and id are INT UNSIGNED (32 bit) and combined value fits to BIGINT UNSIGNED (64 bit). When the id & rev are larger than 32-bit values or made of multiple columns, you need combine the value into e.g. a binary value with suitable padding for MAX().']\n",
      "Can I mix MySQL APIs in PHP?\n",
      "I have searched the net and so far what I have seen is that you can use mysql_ and mysqli_ together meaning:<?php\n",
      "$con=mysqli_connect(\"localhost\", \"root\" ,\"\" ,\"mysql\");\n",
      "\n",
      "if( mysqli_connect_errno( $con ) ) {\n",
      "    echo \"failed to connect\";\n",
      "}else{\n",
      "    echo \"connected\";\n",
      "}\n",
      "mysql_close($con);\n",
      "echo \"Done\";\n",
      "?>\n",
      "or <?php\n",
      "$con=mysql_connect(\"localhost\", \"root\" ,\"\" ,\"mysql\");\n",
      "if( mysqli_connect_errno( $con ) ) {\n",
      "    echo \"failed to connect\";\n",
      "}else{\n",
      "    echo \"connected\";\n",
      "}\n",
      "mysqli_close($con);\n",
      "echo \"Done\";\n",
      "?>\n",
      "Are valid but when I use this code what I get is:Connected\n",
      "Warning: mysql_close() expects parameter 1 to be resource, object given in D:\\************.php on line 9\n",
      "Done\n",
      "For the first and the same except with mysqli_close(). For the second one.What is the problem? Can't I use mysql_ and mysqli together? Or is it normal? Is the way I can check if the connections are valid at all? (the if(mysq...))\n",
      "['I have searched the net and so far what I have seen is that you can use mysql_ and mysqli_ together meaning:<?php\\n$con=mysqli_connect(\"localhost\", \"root\" ,\"\" ,\"mysql\");\\n\\nif( mysqli_connect_errno( $con ) ) {\\n    echo \"failed to connect\";\\n}else{\\n    echo \"connected\";\\n}\\nmysql_close($con);\\necho \"Done\";\\n?>\\nor <?php\\n$con=mysql_connect(\"localhost\", \"root\" ,\"\" ,\"mysql\");\\nif( mysqli_connect_errno( $con ) ) {\\n    echo \"failed to connect\";\\n}else{\\n    echo \"connected\";\\n}\\nmysqli_close($con);\\necho \"Done\";\\n?>\\nAre valid but when I use this code what I get is:Connected\\nWarning: mysql_close() expects parameter 1 to be resource, object given in D:\\\\************.php on line 9\\nDone\\nFor the first and the same except with mysqli_close(). For the second one.What is the problem? Can\\'t I use mysql_ and mysqli together? Or is it normal? Is the way I can check if the connections are valid at all? (the if(mysq...))', \"No, you can't use mysql and mysqli together.  They are separate APIs and the resources they create are incompatible with one another.There is a mysqli_close, though.\", \"Just to give a general answer here about all three MYSQL API's with a reference:You can't mix any of the three (mysql_*, mysqli_*, PDO) MYSQL API's from PHP together, it just doesn't work. It's even in the :It is . So, for example, passing a mysqli connection to PDO_MySQL or ext/mysql .You need to use the same MySQL API and its related functions, from connection to querying.\\n\\n\", \"Technically you can use as many separate connections as you want, while your problem is caused by a mere typo - you only cannot use resources from one extension with functions from another, which is quite obviously.However, you , no matter from single API or different ones. As it will burden your database server and exhaust its resources. So, although technically you can, you shouldn't mix different extensions in your code, save for the short period of refactoring.\", \"MySQLi is a lot more secure than MySQL which is anyway now deprecated. That's why you should stick with MySQLi and also you can't mix them as they are both different.\"]\n",
      "How can I get query string values in JavaScript?\n",
      "Is there a plugin-less way of retrieving  values via jQuery (or without)? If so, how? If not, is there a plugin which can do so?\n",
      "['Is there a plugin-less way of retrieving  values via jQuery (or without)? If so, how? If not, is there a plugin which can do so?', 'You can use  which is simple and has .const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);\\nconst myParam = urlParams.get(\\'myParam\\');\\nYou don\\'t need jQuery for that purpose. You can use just some pure JavaScript:function getParameterByName(name, url = window.location.href) {\\n    name = name.replace(/[\\\\[\\\\]]/g, \\'\\\\\\\\$&\\');\\n    var regex = new RegExp(\\'[?&]\\' + name + \\'(=([^&#]*)|&|#|$)\\'),\\n        results = regex.exec(url);\\n    if (!results) return null;\\n    if (!results[2]) return \\'\\';\\n    return decodeURIComponent(results[2].replace(/\\\\+/g, \\' \\'));\\n}\\n// query string: ?foo=lorem&bar=&baz\\nvar foo = getParameterByName(\\'foo\\'); // \"lorem\"\\nvar bar = getParameterByName(\\'bar\\'); // \"\" (present with empty value)\\nvar baz = getParameterByName(\\'baz\\'); // \"\" (present with no value)\\nvar qux = getParameterByName(\\'qux\\'); // null (absent)\\nNOTE: If a parameter is present several times (?foo=lorem&foo=ipsum), you will get the first value (lorem). There is no standard about this and usages vary, see for example this question: .NOTE: The function is case-sensitive. If you prefer case-insensitive parameter name, This is an update based on the new  to achieve the same result more succinctly. See answer titled \"\" below.', 'Some of the solutions posted here are inefficient. Repeating the regular expression search every time the script needs to access a parameter is completely unnecessary, one single function to split up the parameters into an associative-array style object is enough. If you\\'re not working with the HTML 5 History API, this is only necessary once per page load.  The other suggestions here also fail to decode the URL correctly.var urlParams;\\n(window. = function () {\\n    var match,\\n        pl     = /\\\\+/g,  // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space\\n        search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g,\\n        decode = function (s) { return (s.replace(pl, \" \")); },\\n        query  = window..search.(1);\\n\\n    urlParams = {};\\n    while (match = search.(query))\\n       urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]);\\n})();Example querystring: ?i=main&mode=front&sid=de8d49b78a85a322c4155015fdce22c4&enc=+Hello%20&emptyResult: urlParams = {\\n    enc: \" Hello \",\\n    i: \"main\",\\n    mode: \"front\",\\n    sid: \"de8d49b78a85a322c4155015fdce22c4\",\\n    empty: \"\"\\n}\\n\\nalert(urlParams[\"mode\"]);\\n// -> \"front\"\\n\\nalert(\"empty\" in urlParams);\\n// -> true\\nThis could easily be improved upon to handle array-style query strings too.  An example of this is , but since array-style parameters aren\\'t defined in  I won\\'t pollute this answer with the source code. .Also, as pointed out in the comments, ; is a legal delimiter for key=value pairs.  It would require a more complicated regex to handle ; or &, which I think is unnecessary because it\\'s rare that ; is used and I would say even more unlikely that both would be used.  If you need to support ; instead of &, just swap them in the regex.<script>var urlParams = <?php echo ($_GET, JSON_HEX_TAG);?>;</script>Much simpler!A new capability would be to retrieve repeated params as following myparam=1&myparam=2. There is not a , however, most of the current approaches follow the generation of an array.myparam = [\"1\", \"2\"]\\nSo, this is the approach to manage it:let urlParams = {};\\n(window.onpopstate = function () {\\n    let match,\\n        pl = /\\\\+/g,  // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space\\n        search = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g,\\n        decode = function (s) {\\n            return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(pl, \" \"));\\n        },\\n        query = window.location.search.substring(1);\\n\\n    while (match = search.exec(query)) {\\n        if (decode(match[1]) in urlParams) {\\n            if (!Array.isArray(urlParams[decode(match[1])])) {\\n                urlParams[decode(match[1])] = [urlParams[decode(match[1])]];\\n            }\\n            urlParams[decode(match[1])].push(decode(match[2]));\\n        } else {\\n            urlParams[decode(match[1])] = decode(match[2]);\\n        }\\n    }\\n})();\\n', 'getQueryStringParams = query => {\\n    return query\\n        ? (/^[?#]/.test(query) ? query.slice(1) : query)\\n            .split(\\'&\\')\\n            .reduce((params, param) => {\\n                    let [key, value] = param.split(\\'=\\');\\n                    params[key] = value ? decodeURIComponent(value.replace(/\\\\+/g, \\' \\')) : \\'\\';\\n                    return params;\\n                }, {}\\n            )\\n        : {}\\n};\\nvar qs = (function(a) {\\n    if (a == \"\") return {};\\n    var b = {};\\n    for (var i = 0; i < a.length; ++i)\\n    {\\n        var p=a[i].split(\\'=\\', 2);\\n        if (p.length == 1)\\n            b[p[0]] = \"\";\\n        else\\n            b[p[0]] = decodeURIComponent(p[1].replace(/\\\\+/g, \" \"));\\n    }\\n    return b;\\n})(window.location.search.substr(1).split(\\'&\\'));\\nWith an URL like ?topic=123&name=query+string, the following will return:qs[\"topic\"];    // 123\\nqs[\"name\"];     // query string\\nqs[\"nothere\"];  // undefined (object)\\nTearing Google\\'s code I found the method they use: getUrlParametersfunction (b) {\\n    var c = typeof b === \"undefined\";\\n    if (a !== h && c) return a;\\n    for (var d = {}, b = b || k[B][vb], e = b[p](\"?\"), f = b[p](\"#\"), b = (f === -1 ? b[Ya](e + 1) : [b[Ya](e + 1, f - e - 1), \"&\", b[Ya](f + 1)][K](\"\"))[z](\"&\"), e = i.dd ? ia : unescape, f = 0, g = b[w]; f < g; ++f) {\\n        var l = b[f][p](\"=\");\\n        if (l !== -1) {\\n            var q = b[f][I](0, l),\\n                l = b[f][I](l + 1),\\n                l = l[Ca](/\\\\+/g, \" \");\\n            try {\\n                d[q] = e(l)\\n            } catch (A) {}\\n        }\\n    }\\n    c && (a = d);\\n    return d\\n}\\nIt is obfuscated, but it is understandable. It does not work because some variables are undefined.They start to look for parameters on the url from ? and also from the hash #. Then for each parameter they split in the equal sign b[f][p](\"=\") (which looks like indexOf, they use the position of the char to get the key/value). Having it split they check whether the parameter has a value or not, if it has then they store the value of d, otherwise they just continue.In the end the object d is returned, handling escaping and the + sign. This object is just like mine, it has the same behavior.My method as a (function($) {\\n    $.QueryString = (function(paramsArray) {\\n        let params = {};\\n\\n        for (let i = 0; i < paramsArray.length; ++i)\\n        {\\n            let param = paramsArray[i]\\n                .split(\\'=\\', 2);\\n            \\n            if (param.length !== 2)\\n                continue;\\n            \\n            params[param[0]] = decodeURIComponent(param[1].replace(/\\\\+/g, \" \"));\\n        }\\n            \\n        return params;\\n    })(window.location.search.substr(1).split(\\'&\\'))\\n})(jQuery);\\nUsage//Get a param\\n$.QueryString.param\\n//-or-\\n$.QueryString[\"param\"]\\n//This outputs something like...\\n//\"val\"\\n\\n//Get all params as object\\n$.QueryString\\n//This outputs something like...\\n//Object { param: \"val\", param2: \"val\" }\\n\\n//Set a param (only in the $.QueryString object, doesn\\'t affect the browser\\'s querystring)\\n$.QueryString.param = \"newvalue\"\\n//This doesn\\'t output anything, it just updates the $.QueryString object\\n\\n//Convert object into string suitable for url a querystring (Requires jQuery)\\n$.param($.QueryString)\\n//This outputs something like...\\n//\"param=newvalue&param2=val\"\\n\\n//Update the url/querystring in the browser\\'s location bar with the $.QueryString object\\nhistory.replaceState({}, \\'\\', \"?\" + $.param($.QueryString));\\n//-or-\\nhistory.pushState({}, \\'\\', \"?\" + $.param($.QueryString));\\nPreparation code: methods declarationvar qs = window.GetQueryString(query);\\n\\nvar search = qs[\"q\"];\\nvar value = qs[\"value\"];\\nvar undef = qs[\"undefinedstring\"];\\nvar search = window.getParameterByName(\"q\");\\nvar value = window.getParameterByName(\"value\");\\nvar undef = window.getParameterByName(\"undefinedstring\");\\n\\n\\n\\n', \"Improved version of :function getParameterByName(name) {\\n    var match = RegExp('[?&]' + name + '=([^&]*)').exec(window.location.search);\\n    return match && decodeURIComponent(match[1].replace(/\\\\+/g, ' '));\\n}\\nFor more information on improvement see: \", 'Firefox 44+, Opera 36+, Edge 17+, Safari 10.3+ and Chrome 49+ support the  API:\\n\\n\\n\\nThere is a google-suggested  for the stable versions of IE.It is not standardized by , but it is a living standard by .You can use it on location:const params = new URLSearchParams(location.search);\\norconst params = (new URL(location)).searchParams;\\nOr of course on any URL:const url = new URL(\\'https://example.com?foo=1&bar=2\\');\\nconst params = new URLSearchParams(url.search);\\nYou can get params also using a shorthand .searchParams property on the URL object, like this:const params = new URL(\\'https://example.com?foo=1&bar=2\\').searchParams;\\nparams.get(\\'foo\\'); // \"1\"\\nparams.get(\\'bar\\'); // \"2\" \\nYou read/set parameters through the get(KEY), set(KEY, VALUE), append(KEY, VALUE) API. You can also iterate over all values for (let p of params) {}.A  and a  are available for auditing and testing.', \"Just another recommendation. The plugin  allows to retrieve all parts of URL, including anchor, host, etc.It can be used with or without jQuery.Usage is very simple and cool:var url = $.url('http://allmarkedup.com/folder/dir/index.html?item=value'); // jQuery version\\nvar url = purl('http://allmarkedup.com/folder/dir/index.html?item=value'); // plain JS version\\nurl.attr('protocol'); // returns 'http'\\nurl.attr('path'); // returns '/folder/dir/index.html'\\nHowever, as of Nov 11, 2014, Purl is no longer maintained and the author recommends using  instead.  The jQuery plugin is different in that it focuses on elements - for usage with strings, just use URI directly, with or without jQuery.  Similar code would look as such, fuller docs :var url = new URI('http://allmarkedup.com/folder/dir/index.html?item=value'); // plain JS version\\nurl.protocol(); // returns 'http'\\nurl.path(); // returns '/folder/dir/index.html'\\n\", 'A quick, , which handles  and .var qd = {};\\nif (location.search) location.search.substr(1).split(\"&\").forEach(function(item) {var s = item.split(\"=\"), k = s[0], v = s[1] && decodeURIComponent(s[1]); (qd[k] = qd[k] || []).push(v)})\\n\\n//using ES6   (23 characters cooler)\\nvar qd = {};\\nif (location.search) location.search.substr(1).split`&`.forEach(item => {let [k,v] = item.split`=`; v = v && decodeURIComponent(v); (qd[k] = qd[k] || []).push(v)})\\nvar qd = {};\\nif (location.search) location.search.substr(1).split(\"&\").forEach(function(item) {\\n    var s = item.split(\"=\"),\\n        k = s[0],\\n        v = s[1] && decodeURIComponent(s[1]); //  null-coalescing / short-circuit\\n    //(k in qd) ? qd[k].push(v) : qd[k] = [v]\\n    (qd[k] = qd[k] || []).push(v) // null-coalescing / short-circuit\\n})\\nWhat is all this code...\\n\"?a=1&b=0&c=3&d&e&a=5&a=t%20e%20x%20t&e=http%3A%2F%2Fw3schools.com%2Fmy%20test.asp%3Fname%3Dståle%26car%3Dsaab\"\\n> qd\\na: [\"1\", \"5\", \"t e x t\"]\\nb: [\"0\"]\\nc: [\"3\"]\\nd: [undefined]\\ne: [undefined, \"http://w3schools.com/my test.asp?name=ståle&car=saab\"]\\n\\n> qd.a[1]    // \"5\"\\n> qd[\"a\"][1] // \"5\"\\nlocation.(search|hash)var queryDict = {};\\nlocation.search.substr(1).split(\"&\").forEach(function(item) {queryDict[item.split(\"=\")[0]] = item.split(\"=\")[1]})\\n\\n\\n\\n\"?a=1&b=0&c=3&d&e&a=5\"\\n> queryDict\\na: \"5\"\\nb: \"0\"\\nc: \"3\"\\nd: undefined\\ne: undefined\\nSimple key check (item in dict) ? dict.item.push(val) : dict.item = [val]var qd = {};\\nlocation.search.substr(1).split(\"&\").forEach(function(item) {(item.split(\"=\")[0] in qd) ? qd[item.split(\"=\")[0]].push(item.split(\"=\")[1]) : qd[item.split(\"=\")[0]] = [item.split(\"=\")[1]]})\\n\\n\\nqd.key[index]qd[key][index]\\n> qd\\na: [\"1\", \"5\"]\\nb: [\"0\"]\\nc: [\"3\"]\\nd: [undefined]\\ne: [undefined]\\nUse decodeURIComponent() for the second  splits.var qd = {};\\nlocation.search.substr(1).split(\"&\").forEach(function(item) {var k = item.split(\"=\")[0], v = decodeURIComponent(item.split(\"=\")[1]); (k in qd) ? qd[k].push(v) : qd[k] = [v]})\\n\"?a=1&b=0&c=3&d&e&a=5&a=t%20e%20x%20t&e=http%3A%2F%2Fw3schools.com%2Fmy%20test.asp%3Fname%3Dståle%26car%3Dsaab\"\\n> qd\\na: [\"1\", \"5\", \"t e x t\"]\\nb: [\"0\"]\\nc: [\"3\"]\\nd: [\"undefined\"]  // decodeURIComponent(undefined) returns \"undefined\" !!!*\\ne: [\"undefined\", \"http://w3schools.com/my test.asp?name=ståle&car=saab\"]\\n\\n Please note, that decodeURIComponent(undefined) returns string \"undefined\". The solution lies in a simple usage of &&, which ensures that decodeURIComponent() is not called on undefined values. v = v && decodeURIComponent(v);\\n\\nIf the querystring is empty (location.search == \"\"), the result is somewhat misleading qd == {\"\": undefined}. It is suggested to check the querystring before launching the parsing function likeso:if (location.search) location.search.substr(1).split(\"&\").forEach(...)\\n', \"Roshambo on snipplr.com has a simple script to achieve this described in . With his script you also easily get to pull out just the parameters you want.Here's the gist:$.urlParam = function(name, url) {\\n    if (!url) {\\n     url = window.location.href;\\n    }\\n    var results = new RegExp('[\\\\\\\\?&]' + name + '=([^&#]*)').exec(url);\\n    if (!results) { \\n        return undefined;\\n    }\\n    return results[1] || undefined;\\n}\\nThen just get your parameters from the query string.So if the URL/query string was xyz.com/index.html?lang=de.Just call var langval = $.urlParam('lang');, and you've got it.UZBEKJON has a great blog post on this as well, .\", \"If you're using jQuery, you can use a library, such as ....jQuery BBQ provides a full .deparam() method, along with both hash state management, and fragment / query string parse and merge utility methods.Edit: Adding Deparam Example: var DeparamExample = function() {\\r\\n            var params = $.deparam.querystring();\\r\\n\\r\\n            //nameofparam is the name of a param from url\\r\\n            //code below will get param if ajax refresh with hash\\r\\n            if (typeof params.nameofparam == 'undefined') {\\r\\n                params = jQuery.deparam.fragment(window.location.href);\\r\\n            }\\r\\n            \\r\\n            if (typeof params.nameofparam != 'undefined') {\\r\\n                var paramValue = params.nameofparam.toString();\\r\\n                  \\r\\n            }\\r\\n        };If you want to just use plain JavaScript, you could use...var getParamValue = (function() {\\n    var params;\\n    var resetParams = function() {\\n            var query = window.location.search;\\n            var regex = /[?&;](.+?)=([^&;]+)/g;\\n            var match;\\n\\n            params = {};\\n\\n            if (query) {\\n                while (match = regex.exec(query)) {\\n                    params[match[1]] = decodeURIComponent(match[2]);\\n                }\\n            }    \\n        };\\n\\n    window.addEventListener\\n    && window.addEventListener('popstate', resetParams);\\n\\n    resetParams();\\n\\n    return function(param) {\\n        return params.hasOwnProperty(param) ? params[param] : null;\\n    }\\n\\n})();\\u200b\\nBecause of the new HTML History API and specifically history.pushState() and history.replaceState(), the URL can change which will invalidate the cache of parameters and their values.This version will update its internal cache of parameters each time the history changes.\", \"Just use two :function get(n) {\\n    var half = location.search.split(n + '=')[1];\\n    return half !== undefined ? decodeURIComponent(half.split('&')[0]) : null;\\n}\\nI was reading all the previous and more complete answers. But I think that is the simplest and faster method. You can check in this jsPerf To solve the problem in Rup's comment, add a conditional split by changing the first line to the two below. But absolute accuracy means it's now slower than regexp (see ).function get(n) {\\n    var half = location.search.split('&' + n + '=')[1];\\n    if (!half) half = location.search.split('?' + n + '=')[1];\\n    return half !== undefined ? decodeURIComponent(half.split('&')[0]) : null;\\n}\\nSo if you know you won't run into Rup's counter-case, this wins. Otherwise, regexp. if you have control of the querystring and can guarantee that a value you are trying to get will never contain any URL encoded\\n  characters (having these in a value would be a bad idea) - you can use\\n  the following slightly more simplified and readable version of the 1st option:    function getQueryStringValueByName(name) {\\n        var queryStringFromStartOfValue = location.search.split(name + '=')[1];\\n         return queryStringFromStartOfValue !== undefined ? queryStringFromStartOfValue.split('&')[0] : null;\\n\", 'Here\\'s my stab at making Andy E\\'s excellent solution into a full fledged jQuery plugin:;(function ($) {\\n    $.extend({      \\n        getQueryString: function (name) {           \\n            function parseParams() {\\n                var params = {},\\n                    e,\\n                    a = /\\\\+/g,  // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space\\n                    r = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g,\\n                    d = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(a, \" \")); },\\n                    q = window.location.search.substring(1);\\n\\n                while (e = r.exec(q))\\n                    params[d(e[1])] = d(e[2]);\\n\\n                return params;\\n            }\\n\\n            if (!this.queryStringParams)\\n                this.queryStringParams = parseParams(); \\n\\n            return this.queryStringParams[name];\\n        }\\n    });\\n})(jQuery);\\nThe syntax is:var someVar = $.getQueryString(\\'myParam\\');\\nBest of both worlds!', 'If you\\'re doing more URL manipulation than simply parsing the querystring, you may find  helpful. It is a library for manipulating URLs - and comes with all the bells and whistles. (Sorry for self-advertising here)to convert your querystring into a map:var data = URI(\\'?foo=bar&bar=baz&foo=world\\').query(true);\\ndata == {\\n  \"foo\": [\"bar\", \"world\"],\\n  \"bar\": \"baz\"\\n}\\n(URI.js also \"fixes\" bad querystrings like ?&foo&&bar=baz& to ?foo&bar=baz)', 'I like . But I don\\'t see any point of extending jQuery for that? There is no usage of jQuery functionality.On the other hand, I like the built-in function in Google Chrome: window.location.getParameter.So why not to use this? Okay, other browsers don\\'t have. So let\\'s create this function if it does not exist:if (!window.location.getParameter ) {\\n  window.location.getParameter = function(key) {\\n    function parseParams() {\\n        var params = {},\\n            e,\\n            a = /\\\\+/g,  // Regex for replacing addition symbol with a space\\n            r = /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g,\\n            d = function (s) { return decodeURIComponent(s.replace(a, \" \")); },\\n            q = window.location.search.substring(1);\\n\\n        while (e = r.exec(q))\\n            params[d(e[1])] = d(e[2]);\\n\\n        return params;\\n    }\\n\\n    if (!this.queryStringParams)\\n        this.queryStringParams = parseParams(); \\n\\n    return this.queryStringParams[key];\\n  };\\n}\\nThis function is more or less from Ryan Phelan, but it is wrapped differently: clear name and no dependencies of other javascript libraries. .', \"Keep it simple in plain JavaScript code:function qs(key) {\\n    var vars = [], hash;\\n    var hashes = window.location.href.slice(window.location.href.indexOf('?') + 1).split('&');\\n    for(var i = 0; i < hashes.length; i++)\\n    {\\n        hash = hashes[i].split('=');\\n        vars.push(hash[0]);\\n        vars[hash[0]] = hash[1];\\n    }\\n    return vars[key];\\n}\\nCall it from anywhere in the JavaScript code:var result = qs('someKey');\\n\", 'Here is a fast way to get an object similar to the PHP  array:function get_query(){\\n    var url = location.search;\\n    var qs = url.substring(url.indexOf(\\'?\\') + 1).split(\\'&\\');\\n    for(var i = 0, result = {}; i < qs.length; i++){\\n        qs[i] = qs[i].split(\\'=\\');\\n        result[qs[i][0]] = decodeURIComponent(qs[i][1]);\\n    }\\n    return result;\\n}\\nUsage:var $_GET = get_query();\\nFor the query string x=5&y&z=hello&x=6 this returns the object:{\\n  x: \"6\",\\n  y: undefined,\\n  z: \"hello\"\\n}\\n', 'These are all great answers, but I needed something a bit more robust, and thought you all might like to have what I created.It is a simple library method that does dissection and manipulation of URL parameters. The static method has the following sub methods that can be called on the subject URL:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nExample:URLParser(url).getParam(\\'myparam1\\')\\nvar url = \"http://www.test.com/folder/mypage.html?myparam1=1&myparam2=2#something\";\\n\\nfunction URLParser(u){\\n    var path=\"\",query=\"\",hash=\"\",params;\\n    if(u.indexOf(\"#\") > 0){\\n        hash = u.substr(u.indexOf(\"#\") + 1);\\n        u = u.substr(0 , u.indexOf(\"#\"));\\n    }\\n    if(u.indexOf(\"?\") > 0){\\n        path = u.substr(0 , u.indexOf(\"?\"));\\n        query = u.substr(u.indexOf(\"?\") + 1);\\n        params= query.split(\\'&\\');\\n    }else\\n        path = u;\\n    return {\\n        getHost: function(){\\n            var hostexp = /\\\\/\\\\/([\\\\w.-]*)/;\\n            var match = hostexp.exec(path);\\n            if (match != null && match.length > 1)\\n                return match[1];\\n            return \"\";\\n        },\\n        getPath: function(){\\n            var pathexp = /\\\\/\\\\/[\\\\w.-]*(?:\\\\/([^?]*))/;\\n            var match = pathexp.exec(path);\\n            if (match != null && match.length > 1)\\n                return match[1];\\n            return \"\";\\n        },\\n        getHash: function(){\\n            return hash;\\n        },\\n        getParams: function(){\\n            return params\\n        },\\n        getQuery: function(){\\n            return query;\\n        },\\n        setHash: function(value){\\n            if(query.length > 0)\\n                query = \"?\" + query;\\n            if(value.length > 0)\\n                query = query + \"#\" + value;\\n            return path + query;\\n        },\\n        setParam: function(name, value){\\n            if(!params){\\n                params= new Array();\\n            }\\n            params.push(name + \\'=\\' + value);\\n            for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\\n                if(query.length > 0)\\n                    query += \"&\";\\n                query += params[i];\\n            }\\n            if(query.length > 0)\\n                query = \"?\" + query;\\n            if(hash.length > 0)\\n                query = query + \"#\" + hash;\\n            return path + query;\\n        },\\n        getParam: function(name){\\n            if(params){\\n                for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\\n                    var pair = params[i].split(\\'=\\');\\n                    if (decodeURIComponent(pair[0]) == name)\\n                        return decodeURIComponent(pair[1]);\\n                }\\n            }\\n            console.log(\\'Query variable %s not found\\', name);\\n        },\\n        hasParam: function(name){\\n            if(params){\\n                for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\\n                    var pair = params[i].split(\\'=\\');\\n                    if (decodeURIComponent(pair[0]) == name)\\n                        return true;\\n                }\\n            }\\n            console.log(\\'Query variable %s not found\\', name);\\n        },\\n        removeParam: function(name){\\n            query = \"\";\\n            if(params){\\n                var newparams = new Array();\\n                for (var i = 0;i < params.length;i++) {\\n                    var pair = params[i].split(\\'=\\');\\n                    if (decodeURIComponent(pair[0]) != name)\\n                          newparams .push(params[i]);\\n                }\\n                params = newparams;\\n                for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {\\n                    if(query.length > 0)\\n                        query += \"&\";\\n                    query += params[i];\\n                }\\n            }\\n            if(query.length > 0)\\n                query = \"?\" + query;\\n            if(hash.length > 0)\\n                query = query + \"#\" + hash;\\n            return path + query;\\n        },\\n    }\\n}\\n\\n\\ndocument.write(\"Host: \" + URLParser(url).getHost() + \\'<br>\\');\\ndocument.write(\"Path: \" + URLParser(url).getPath() + \\'<br>\\');\\ndocument.write(\"Query: \" + URLParser(url).getQuery() + \\'<br>\\');\\ndocument.write(\"Hash: \" + URLParser(url).getHash() + \\'<br>\\');\\ndocument.write(\"Params Array: \" + URLParser(url).getParams() + \\'<br>\\');\\ndocument.write(\"Param: \" + URLParser(url).getParam(\\'myparam1\\') + \\'<br>\\');\\ndocument.write(\"Has Param: \" + URLParser(url).hasParam(\\'myparam1\\') + \\'<br>\\');\\n\\ndocument.write(url + \\'<br>\\');\\n\\n// Remove the first parameter\\nurl = URLParser(url).removeParam(\\'myparam1\\');\\ndocument.write(url + \\' - Remove the first parameter<br>\\');\\n\\n// Add a third parameter\\nurl = URLParser(url).setParam(\\'myparam3\\',3);\\ndocument.write(url + \\' - Add a third parameter<br>\\');\\n\\n// Remove the second parameter\\nurl = URLParser(url).removeParam(\\'myparam2\\');\\ndocument.write(url + \\' - Remove the second parameter<br>\\');\\n\\n// Add a hash\\nurl = URLParser(url).setHash(\\'newhash\\');\\ndocument.write(url + \\' - Set Hash<br>\\');\\n\\n// Remove the last parameter\\nurl = URLParser(url).removeParam(\\'myparam3\\');\\ndocument.write(url + \\' - Remove the last parameter<br>\\');\\n\\n// Remove a parameter that doesn\\'t exist\\nurl = URLParser(url).removeParam(\\'myparam3\\');\\ndocument.write(url + \\' - Remove a parameter that doesn\\\\\"t exist<br>\\');\\n', 'From :function loadPageVar (sVar) {\\n\\xa0\\xa0return unescape(window.location.search.replace(new RegExp(\"^(?:.*[&\\\\\\\\?]\" + escape(sVar).replace(/[\\\\.\\\\+\\\\*]/g, \"\\\\\\\\$&\") + \"(?:\\\\\\\\=([^&]*))?)?.*$\", \"i\"), \"$1\"));\\n}\\n\\nalert(loadPageVar(\"name\"));\\n', \"I use regular expressions a lot, but not for that.It seems easier and more efficient to me to read the query string once in my application, and build an object from all the key/value pairs like:var search = function() {\\n  var s = window.location.search.substr(1),\\n    p = s.split(/\\\\&/), l = p.length, kv, r = {};\\n  if (l === 0) {return false;}\\n  while (l--) {\\n    kv = p[l].split(/\\\\=/);\\n    r[kv[0]] = decodeURIComponent(kv[1] || '') || true;\\n  }\\n  return r;\\n}();\\nFor a URL like http://domain.com?param1=val1&param2=val2 you can get their value later in your code as search.param1 and search.param2.\", 'Code golf:var a = location.search&&location.search.substr(1).replace(/\\\\+/gi,\" \").split(\"&\");\\nfor (var i in a) {\\n    var s = a[i].split(\"=\");\\n    a[i]  = a[unescape(s[0])] = unescape(s[1]);\\n}\\nDisplay it!for (i in a) {\\n    document.write(i + \":\" + a[i] + \"<br/>\");   \\n};\\nOn my Mac: test.htm?i=can&has=cheezburger displays0:can\\n1:cheezburger\\ni:can\\nhas:cheezburger\\n', 'function GET() {\\n        var data = [];\\n        for(x = 0; x < arguments.length; ++x)\\n            data.push(location.href.match(new RegExp(\"/\\\\?\".concat(arguments[x],\"=\",\"([^\\\\n&]*)\")))[1])\\n                return data;\\n    }\\n\\n\\nexample:\\ndata = GET(\"id\",\"name\",\"foo\");\\nquery string : ?id=3&name=jet&foo=b\\nreturns:\\n    data[0] // 3\\n    data[1] // jet\\n    data[2] // b\\nor\\n    alert(GET(\"id\")[0]) // return 3\\n', 'Roshambo jQuery method wasn\\'t taking care of decode URLJust added that capability also while adding in  the return statement return decodeURIComponent(results[1].replace(/\\\\+/g, \" \")) || 0;\\nNow you can find the updated gist:$.urlParam = function(name){\\nvar results = new RegExp(\\'[\\\\\\\\?&]\\' + name + \\'=([^&#]*)\\').exec(window.location.href);\\nif (!results) { return 0; }\\nreturn decodeURIComponent(results[1].replace(/\\\\+/g, \" \")) || 0;\\n}\\n', 'Here\\'s my edit to  - with added ability to parse query strings with keys without values.var url = \\'http://sb.com/reg/step1?param\\';\\nvar qs = (function(a) {\\n    if (a == \"\") return {};\\n    var b = {};\\n    for (var i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) {\\n        var p=a[i].split(\\'=\\', 2);\\n        if (p[1]) p[1] = decodeURIComponent(p[1].replace(/\\\\+/g, \" \"));\\n        b[p[0]] = p[1];\\n    }\\n    return b;\\n})((url.split(\\'?\\'))[1].split(\\'&\\'));\\n The parameter for that function in the last line is different. It\\'s just an example of how one can pass an arbitrary URL to it. You can use last line from Bruno\\'s answer to parse the current URL.So what exactly changed? With url http://sb.com/reg/step1?param= results will be same. But with url http://sb.com/reg/step1?param Bruno\\'s solution returns an object without keys, while mine returns an object with key param and undefined value.', 'I like  (taken from jquery-howto.blogspot.co.uk):// get an array with all querystring values\\n// example: var valor = getUrlVars()[\"valor\"];\\nfunction getUrlVars() {\\n    var vars = [], hash;\\n    var hashes = window.location.href.slice(window.location.href.indexOf(\\'?\\') + 1).split(\\'&\\');\\n    for (var i = 0; i < hashes.length; i++) {\\n        hash = hashes[i].split(\\'=\\');\\n        vars.push(hash[0]);\\n        vars[hash[0]] = hash[1];\\n    }\\n    return vars;\\n}\\nWorks great for me.', \"I needed an object from the query string, and I hate lots of code. It may not be the most robust in the universe, but it's just a few lines of code.var q = {};\\nlocation.href.split('?')[1].split('&').forEach(function(i){\\n    q[i.split('=')[0]]=i.split('=')[1];\\n});\\nA URL like this.htm?hello=world&foo=bar will create:{hello:'world', foo:'bar'}\\n\", 'Here\\'s an extended version of Andy E\\'s linked \"Handle array-style query strings\"-version. Fixed a bug (?key=1&key[]=2&key[]=3; 1 is lost and replaced with [2,3]), made a few minor performance improvements (re-decoding of values, recalculating \"[\" position, etc.) and added a number of improvements (functionalized, support for ?key=1&key=2, support for ; delimiters). I left the variables annoyingly short, but added comments galore to make them readable (oh, and I reused v within the local functions, sorry if that is confusing ;).It will handle the following querystring...?test=Hello&person=neek&person[]=jeff&person[]=jim&person[extra]=john&test3&nocache=1398914891264...making it into an object that looks like...{\\n    \"test\": \"Hello\",\\n    \"person\": {\\n        \"0\": \"neek\",\\n        \"1\": \"jeff\",\\n        \"2\": \"jim\",\\n        \"length\": 3,\\n        \"extra\": \"john\"\\n    },\\n    \"test3\": \"\",\\n    \"nocache\": \"1398914891264\"\\n}\\nAs you can see above, this version handles some measure of \"malformed\" arrays, i.e. - person=neek&person[]=jeff&person[]=jim or person=neek&person=jeff&person=jim as the key is identifiable and valid (at least in dotNet\\'s ):If the specified key already exists in the target NameValueCollection\\n  instance, the specified value is added to the existing comma-separated\\n  list of values in the form \"value1,value2,value3\".It seems  on repeated keys as there is no spec. In this case, multiple keys are stored as an (fake)array. But do note that I  process values based on commas into arrays.getQueryStringKey = function(key) {\\n    return getQueryStringAsObject()[key];\\n};\\n\\n\\ngetQueryStringAsObject = function() {\\n    var b, cv, e, k, ma, sk, v, r = {},\\n        d = function (v) { return decodeURIComponent(v).replace(/\\\\+/g, \" \"); }, //# d(ecode) the v(alue)\\n        q = window.location.search.substring(1), //# suggested: q = decodeURIComponent(window.location.search.substring(1)),\\n        s = /([^&;=]+)=?([^&;]*)/g //# original regex that does not allow for ; as a delimiter:   /([^&=]+)=?([^&]*)/g\\n    ;\\n\\n    //# ma(make array) out of the v(alue)\\n    ma = function(v) {\\n        //# If the passed v(alue) hasn\\'t been setup as an object\\n        if (typeof v != \"object\") {\\n            //# Grab the cv(current value) then setup the v(alue) as an object\\n            cv = v;\\n            v = {};\\n            v.length = 0;\\n\\n            //# If there was a cv(current value), .push it into the new v(alue)\\'s array\\n            //#     NOTE: This may or may not be 100% logical to do... but it\\'s better than loosing the original value\\n            if (cv) { Array.prototype.push.call(v, cv); }\\n        }\\n        return v;\\n    };\\n\\n    //# While we still have key-value e(ntries) from the q(uerystring) via the s(earch regex)...\\n    while (e = s.exec(q)) { //# while((e = s.exec(q)) !== null) {\\n        //# Collect the open b(racket) location (if any) then set the d(ecoded) v(alue) from the above split key-value e(ntry) \\n        b = e[1].indexOf(\"[\");\\n        v = d(e[2]);\\n\\n        //# As long as this is NOT a hash[]-style key-value e(ntry)\\n        if (b < 0) { //# b == \"-1\"\\n            //# d(ecode) the simple k(ey)\\n            k = d(e[1]);\\n\\n            //# If the k(ey) already exists\\n            if (r[k]) {\\n                //# ma(make array) out of the k(ey) then .push the v(alue) into the k(ey)\\'s array in the r(eturn value)\\n                r[k] = ma(r[k]);\\n                Array.prototype.push.call(r[k], v);\\n            }\\n            //# Else this is a new k(ey), so just add the k(ey)/v(alue) into the r(eturn value)\\n            else {\\n                r[k] = v;\\n            }\\n        }\\n        //# Else we\\'ve got ourselves a hash[]-style key-value e(ntry) \\n        else {\\n            //# Collect the d(ecoded) k(ey) and the d(ecoded) sk(sub-key) based on the b(racket) locations\\n            k = d(e[1].slice(0, b));\\n            sk = d(e[1].slice(b + 1, e[1].indexOf(\"]\", b)));\\n\\n            //# ma(make array) out of the k(ey) \\n            r[k] = ma(r[k]);\\n\\n            //# If we have a sk(sub-key), plug the v(alue) into it\\n            if (sk) { r[k][sk] = v; }\\n            //# Else .push the v(alue) into the k(ey)\\'s array\\n            else { Array.prototype.push.call(r[k], v); }\\n        }\\n    }\\n\\n    //# Return the r(eturn value)\\n    return r;\\n};\\n', 'This is a function I created a while back and I\\'m quite happy with. It is not case sensitive - which is handy. Also, if the requested QS doesn\\'t exist, it just returns an empty string.I use a compressed version of this. I\\'m posting uncompressed for the novice types to better explain what\\'s going on.I\\'m sure this could be optimized or done differently to work faster, but it\\'s always worked great for what I need.Enjoy.function getQSP(sName, sURL) {\\n    var theItmToRtn = \"\";\\n    var theSrchStrg = location.search;\\n    if (sURL) theSrchStrg = sURL;\\n    var sOrig = theSrchStrg;\\n    theSrchStrg = theSrchStrg.toUpperCase();\\n    sName = sName.toUpperCase();\\n    theSrchStrg = theSrchStrg.replace(\"?\", \"&\") theSrchStrg = theSrchStrg + \"&\";\\n    var theSrchToken = \"&\" + sName + \"=\";\\n    if (theSrchStrg.indexOf(theSrchToken) != -1) {\\n        var theSrchTokenLth = theSrchToken.length;\\n        var theSrchTokenLocStart = theSrchStrg.indexOf(theSrchToken) + theSrchTokenLth;\\n        var theLocOfNextAndSign = theSrchStrg.indexOf(\"&\", theSrchTokenLocStart);\\n        theItmToRtn = unescape(sOrig.substring(theSrchTokenLocStart, theLocOfNextAndSign));\\n    }\\n    return unescape(theItmToRtn);\\n}\\n', 'We\\'ve just released , a project aimed at solving this problem once and for all.  It\\'s traditionally been so difficult but now you can do:var name = Arg.get(\"name\");\\nor getting the whole lot:var params = Arg.all();\\nand if you care about the difference between ?query=true and #hash=true then you can use the Arg.query() and Arg.hash() methods.', 'The problem with the top answer on that question is that it\\'s not-supported parameters placed after #, but sometimes it\\'s needed to get this value also.I modified the answer to let it parse a full query string with a hash sign also:var getQueryStringData = function(name) {\\n    var result = null;\\n    var regexS = \"[\\\\\\\\?&#]\" + name + \"=([^&#]*)\";\\n    var regex = new RegExp(regexS);\\n    var results = regex.exec(\\'?\\' + window.location.href.split(\\'?\\')[1]);\\n    if (results != null) {\\n        result = decodeURIComponent(results[1].replace(/\\\\+/g, \" \"));\\n    }\\n    return result;\\n};\\n', 'If you are using Browserify, you can use the url module from :var url = require(\\'url\\');\\n\\nurl.parse(\\'http://example.com/?bob=123\\', true).query;\\n\\n// returns { \"bob\": \"123\" }\\nFurther reading:  You can use  interface, its quite widely adopted in almost all the new browser and if the code is going to run on an old browser you can use a . Here\\'s a code example on how to use URL interface to get query parameters (aka search parameters)const url = new URL(\\'http://example.com/?bob=123\\');\\nurl.searchParams.get(\\'bob\\'); \\nYou can also use URLSearchParams for it, here\\'s  to do it with URLSearchParams:var paramsString = \"q=URLUtils.searchParams&topic=api\";\\nvar searchParams = new URLSearchParams(paramsString);\\n\\n//Iterate the search parameters.\\nfor (let p of searchParams) {\\n  console.log(p);\\n}\\n\\nsearchParams.has(\"topic\") === true; // true\\nsearchParams.get(\"topic\") === \"api\"; // true\\nsearchParams.getAll(\"topic\"); // [\"api\"]\\nsearchParams.get(\"foo\") === null; // true\\nsearchParams.append(\"topic\", \"webdev\");\\nsearchParams.toString(); // \"q=URLUtils.searchParams&topic=api&topic=webdev\"\\nsearchParams.set(\"topic\", \"More webdev\");\\nsearchParams.toString(); // \"q=URLUtils.searchParams&topic=More+webdev\"\\nsearchParams.delete(\"topic\");\\nsearchParams.toString(); // \"q=URLUtils.searchParams\"\\n', \"function GetQueryStringParams(sParam)\\n{\\n    var sPageURL = window.location.search.substring(1);\\n    var sURLVariables = sPageURL.split('&');\\n\\n    for (var i = 0; i < sURLVariables.length; i++)\\n    {\\n        var sParameterName = sURLVariables[i].split('=');\\n        if (sParameterName[0] == sParam)\\n        {\\n            return sParameterName[1];\\n        }\\n    }\\n}\\u200b\\nAnd this is how you can use this function assuming the URL ishttp://dummy.com/?stringtext=jquery&stringword=jquerybyexamplevar tech = GetQueryStringParams('stringtext');\\nvar blog = GetQueryStringParams('stringword');\\n\"]\n",
      "Is storing a delimited list in a database column really that bad?\n",
      "Imagine a web form with a set of check boxes (any or all of them can be selected). I chose to save them in a comma separated list of values stored in one column of the database table.Now, I know that the correct solution would be to create a second table and properly normalize the database. It was quicker to implement the easy solution, and I wanted to have a proof-of-concept of that application quickly and without having to spend too much time on it.I thought the saved time and simpler code was worth it in my situation, is this a defensible design choice, or should I have normalized it from the start?Some more context, this is a small internal application that essentially replaces an Excel file that was stored on a shared folder. I'm also asking because I'm thinking about cleaning up the program and make it more maintainable. There are some things in there I'm not entirely happy with, one of them is the topic of this question.\n",
      "[\"Imagine a web form with a set of check boxes (any or all of them can be selected). I chose to save them in a comma separated list of values stored in one column of the database table.Now, I know that the correct solution would be to create a second table and properly normalize the database. It was quicker to implement the easy solution, and I wanted to have a proof-of-concept of that application quickly and without having to spend too much time on it.I thought the saved time and simpler code was worth it in my situation, is this a defensible design choice, or should I have normalized it from the start?Some more context, this is a small internal application that essentially replaces an Excel file that was stored on a shared folder. I'm also asking because I'm thinking about cleaning up the program and make it more maintainable. There are some things in there I'm not entirely happy with, one of them is the topic of this question.\", \"In addition to violating  because of the repeating group of values stored in a single column, comma-separated lists have a lot of other more practical problems:\\n\\n\\n\\n\\n\\nidlist REGEXP '[[:<:]]2[[:>:]]'\\n\\n\\n\\nTo solve these problems, you have to write tons of application code, reinventing functionality that the RDBMS .Comma-separated lists are wrong enough that I made this the first chapter in my book: .There are times when you need to employ denormalization, but as , these are exception cases.  Any non-relational “optimization” benefits one type of query at the expense of other uses of the data, so be sure you know which of your queries need to be treated so specially that they deserve denormalization. MySQL 8.0 no longer supports this word-boundary expression syntax.\", '\"One reason was laziness\".This rings alarm bells. The only reason you should do something like this is that you know how to do it \"the right way\" but you have come to the conclusion that there is a tangible reason not to do it that way.Having said this: if the data you are choosing to store this way is data that you will never need to query by, then there may be a case for storing it in the way you have chosen.(Some users would dispute the statement in my previous paragraph, saying that \"you can never know what requirements will be added in the future\". These users are either misguided or stating a religious conviction. Sometimes it is advantageous to work to the requirements you have before you.)', 'There are numerous questions on SO asking:\\n\\n\\nAnother problem with the comma separated list is ensuring the values are consistent - storing text means the possibility of typos...These are all symptoms of denormalized data, and highlight why you should always model for normalized data.  Denormalization  be a query optimization, .', \"In general anything can be defensible if it meets the requirements of your project.  This doesn't mean that people will agree with or want to defend your decision...In general, storing data in this way is suboptimal (e.g. harder to do efficient queries) and may cause maintenance issues if you modify the items in your form.  Perhaps you could have found a middle ground and used an integer representing a set of bit flags instead?\", \"Yes, I would say that it really is that bad.  It's a defensible choice, but that doesn't make it correct or good.It breaks first normal form.A second criticism is that putting raw input results directly into a database, without any validation or binding at all, leaves you open to SQL injection attacks.What you're calling laziness and lack of SQL knowledge is the stuff that neophytes are made of.  I'd recommend taking the time to do it properly and view it as an opportunity to learn.Or leave it as it is and learn the painful lesson of a SQL injection attack.\", \"Well I've been using a key/value pair tab separated list in a NTEXT column in SQL Server for more than 4 years now and it works. You do lose the flexibility of making queries but on the other hand, if you have a library that persists/derpersists the key value pair then it's not a that bad idea.\", \"I needed a multi-value column, it could be implemented as an xml fieldIt could be converted to a comma delimited as necessary.By being an xml field, some of the concerns can be addressed. Can't ensure that each value is the right data type: no way to prevent 1,2,3,banana,5 values in a tag can be forced to be the correct type Can't use foreign key constraints to link values to a lookup table; no way to enforce referential integrity. still an issue Can't enforce uniqueness: no way to prevent 1,2,3,3,3,5 still an issue Can't delete a value from the list without fetching the whole list. single items can be removed Hard to search for all entities with a given value in the list; you have to use an inefficient table-scan. xml field can be indexed Hard to count elements in the list, or do other aggregate queries.** not particularly hard  Hard to join the values to the lookup table they reference.** not particularly hard  Hard to fetch the list in sorted order. not particularly hard  Storing integers as strings takes about twice as much space as storing binary integers. storage is even worse than a csv  Plus a lot of comma characters. tags are used instead of commasIn short, using XML gets around some of the issues with delimited list AND can be converted to a delimited list as needed\", 'Yes, it  that bad.  My view is that if you don\\'t like using relational databases then look for an alternative that suits you better, there are lots of interesting \"NOSQL\" projects out there with some really advanced features.', \"I would probably take the middle ground: make each field in the CSV into a separate column in the database, but not worry much about normalization (at least for now). At some point, normalization  become interesting, but with all the data shoved into a single column you're gaining virtually no benefit from using a database at all. You need to separate the data into logical fields/columns/whatever you want to call them before you can manipulate it meaningfully at all.\", 'If you have a fixed number of boolean fields, you could use a INT(1) NOT NULL (or BIT NOT NULL if it exists) or CHAR (0) (nullable) for each. You could also use a SET (I forget the exact syntax).']\n",
      "How do I write a correct micro-benchmark in Java?\n",
      "How do you write (and run) a correct micro-benchmark in Java?I'm looking for some code samples and comments illustrating various things to think about.Example: Should the benchmark measure time/iteration or iterations/time, and why?Related: \n",
      "[\"How do you write (and run) a correct micro-benchmark in Java?I'm looking for some code samples and comments illustrating various things to think about.Example: Should the benchmark measure time/iteration or iterations/time, and why?Related: \", \"Tips about writing micro benchmarks : Read a reputable paper on JVMs and micro-benchmarking. A good one is . Do not expect too much from micro-benchmarks; they measure only a limited range of JVM performance characteristics. Always include a warmup phase which runs your test kernel all the way through, enough to trigger all initializations and compilations before timing phase(s). (Fewer iterations is OK on the warmup phase. The rule of thumb is several tens of thousands of inner loop iterations.) Always run with -XX:+PrintCompilation, -verbose:gc, etc., so you can verify that the compiler and other parts of the JVM are not doing unexpected work during your timing phase. Print messages at the beginning and end of timing and warmup phases, so you can verify that there is no output from Rule 2 during the timing phase. Be aware of the difference between -client and -server, and OSR and regular compilations. The -XX:+PrintCompilation flag reports OSR compilations with an at-sign to denote the non-initial entry point, for example: Trouble$1::run @ 2 (41 bytes). Prefer server to client, and regular to OSR, if you are after best performance. Be aware of initialization effects. Do not print for the first time during your timing phase, since printing loads and initializes classes. Do not load new classes outside of the warmup phase (or final reporting phase), unless you are testing class loading specifically (and in that case load only the test classes). Rule 2 is your first line of defense against such effects. Be aware of deoptimization and recompilation effects. Do not take any code path for the first time in the timing phase, because the compiler may junk and recompile the code, based on an earlier optimistic assumption that the path was not going to be used at all. Rule 2 is your first line of defense against such effects. Use appropriate tools to read the compiler's mind, and expect to be surprised by the code it produces. Inspect the code yourself before forming theories about what makes something faster or slower. Reduce noise in your measurements. Run your benchmark on a quiet machine, and run it several times, discarding outliers. Use -Xbatch to serialize the compiler with the application, and consider setting -XX:CICompilerCount=1 to prevent the compiler from running in parallel with itself. Try your best to reduce GC overhead, set Xmx(large enough) equals Xms and use UseEpsilonGC if it is available. Use a library for your benchmark as it is probably more efficient and was already debugged for this sole purpose. Such as ,  or .  \", 'I know this question has been marked as answered but I wanted to mention two libraries that help us to write micro benchmarks', \"Important things for Java benchmarks are:\\n\\n\\nSystem.gc()gc()\\n\\nI'm just in the process of blogging about the design of a benchmarking framework in .NET. I've got a  of  which may be able to give you some ideas - not everything will be appropriate, of course, but some of it may be.\", ' is a recent addition to OpenJDK and has been written by some performance engineers from Oracle. Certainly worth a look.The jmh is a Java harness for building, running, and analysing nano/micro/macro benchmarks written in Java and other languages targetting the JVM.Very interesting pieces of information buried in .See also:\\n\\n\\n', 'Should the benchmark measure time/iteration or iterations/time, and why?It depends on  you are trying to test.  If you are interested in , use time/iteration and if you are interested in , use iterations/time.', 'If you are trying to compare two algorithms, do at least two benchmarks for each, alternating the order.  i.e.:for(i=1..n)\\n  alg1();\\nfor(i=1..n)\\n  alg2();\\nfor(i=1..n)\\n  alg2();\\nfor(i=1..n)\\n  alg1();\\nI have found some noticeable differences (5-10% sometimes) in the runtime of the same algorithm in different passes..Also, make sure that  is very large, so that the runtime of each loop is at the very least 10 seconds or so.  The more iterations, the more significant figures in your benchmark time and the more reliable that data is.', 'Make sure you somehow use results which are computed in benchmarked code. Otherwise your code can be optimized away.', \"There are many possible pitfalls for writing micro-benchmarks in Java.First: You have to calculate with all sorts of events that take time more or less random: Garbage collection, caching effects (of OS for files and of CPU for memory), IO etc.Second: You cannot trust the accuracy of the measured times for very short intervals.Third: The JVM optimizes your code while executing. So different runs in the same JVM-instance will become faster and faster.My recommendations: Make your benchmark run some seconds, that is more reliable than a runtime over milliseconds. Warm up the JVM (means running the benchmark at least once without measuring, that the JVM can run optimizations). And run your benchmark multiple times (maybe 5 times) and take the median-value. Run every micro-benchmark in a new JVM-instance (call for every benchmark new Java) otherwise optimization effects of the JVM can influence later running tests. Don't execute things, that aren't executed in the warmup-phase (as this could trigger class-load and recompilation).\", \"It should also be noted that it might also be important to analyze the results of the micro benchmark when comparing different implementations. Therefore a  should be made.This is because implementation A might be faster during most of the runs of the benchmark than implementation B. But A might also have a higher spread, so the measured performance benefit of A won't be of any significance when compared with B.So it is also important to write and run a micro benchmark correctly, but also to analyze it correctly.\", 'To add to the other excellent advice, I\\'d also be mindful of the following:For some CPUs (e.g. Intel Core i5 range with TurboBoost), the temperature (and number of cores currently being used, as well as thier utilisation percent) affects the clock speed. Since CPUs are dynamically clocked, this can affect your results. For example, if you have a single-threaded application, the maximum clock speed (with TurboBoost) is higher than for an application using all cores. This can therefore interfere with comparisons of single and multi-threaded performance on some systems. Bear in mind that the temperature and volatages also affect how long Turbo frequency is maintained.Perhaps a more fundamentally important aspect that you have direct control over: make sure you\\'re measuring the right thing! For example, if you\\'re using System.nanoTime() to benchmark a particular bit of code, put the calls to the assignment in places that make sense to avoid measuring things which you aren\\'t interested in. For example, don\\'t do:long startTime = System.nanoTime();\\n//code here...\\nSystem.out.println(\"Code took \"+(System.nanoTime()-startTime)+\"nano seconds\");\\nProblem is you\\'re not immediately getting the end time when the code has finished. Instead, try the following:final long endTime, startTime = System.nanoTime();\\n//code here...\\nendTime = System.nanoTime();\\nSystem.out.println(\"Code took \"+(endTime-startTime)+\"nano seconds\");\\n', ' Java Micro Benchmark - control tasks required to determine the comparative performance characteristics of the computer system on different platforms. Can be used to guide optimization decisions and to compare different Java implementations.']\n",
      "How do I extract data from JSON with PHP?\n",
      "This is intended to be a general reference question and answer covering many of the never-ending  questions. It is here to handle the broad basics of decoding JSON in PHP and accessing the results.I have the JSON:{\n",
      "    \"type\": \"donut\",\n",
      "    \"name\": \"Cake\",\n",
      "    \"toppings\": [\n",
      "        { \"id\": \"5002\", \"type\": \"Glazed\" },\n",
      "        { \"id\": \"5006\", \"type\": \"Chocolate with Sprinkles\" },\n",
      "        { \"id\": \"5004\", \"type\": \"Maple\" }\n",
      "    ]\n",
      "}\n",
      "How do I decode this in PHP and access the resulting data?\n",
      "['This is intended to be a general reference question and answer covering many of the never-ending  questions. It is here to handle the broad basics of decoding JSON in PHP and accessing the results.I have the JSON:{\\n    \"type\": \"donut\",\\n    \"name\": \"Cake\",\\n    \"toppings\": [\\n        { \"id\": \"5002\", \"type\": \"Glazed\" },\\n        { \"id\": \"5006\", \"type\": \"Chocolate with Sprinkles\" },\\n        { \"id\": \"5004\", \"type\": \"Maple\" }\\n    ]\\n}\\nHow do I decode this in PHP and access the resulting data?', 'First off you have a string. JSON is not an array, an object, or a data structure.  is a text-based serialization format - so a fancy string, but still just a string. Decode it in PHP by using json_decode(). $data = json_decode($json);\\nTherein you might find:\\n\\n\\n\\nThese are the things that can be encoded in JSON. Or more accurately, these are PHP\\'s versions of the things that can be encoded in JSON.There\\'s nothing special about them. They are not \"JSON objects\" or \"JSON arrays.\" You\\'ve decoded the JSON - you now have .Objects will be instances of , a built-in class which is just a  that\\'s not important here.You access the  of one of these objects the same way you would for the public non-static properties of any other object, e.g. $object->property.$json = \\'\\n{\\n    \"type\": \"donut\",\\n    \"name\": \"Cake\"\\n}\\';\\n\\n$yummy = json_decode($json);\\n\\necho $yummy->type; //donut\\nYou access the elements of one of these arrays the same way you would for any other array, e.g. $array[0].$json = \\'\\n[\\n    \"Glazed\",\\n    \"Chocolate with Sprinkles\",\\n    \"Maple\"\\n]\\';\\n\\n$toppings = json_decode($json);\\n\\necho $toppings[1]; //Chocolate with Sprinkles\\nIterate over it with foreach.foreach ($toppings as $topping) {\\n    echo $topping, \"\\\\n\";\\n}\\nGlazed \\n  Chocolate with Sprinkles \\n  MapleOr mess about with any of the .The properties of objects and the elements of arrays might be more objects and/or arrays - you can simply continue to access their properties and members as usual, e.g. $object->array[0]->etc.$json = \\'\\n{\\n    \"type\": \"donut\",\\n    \"name\": \"Cake\",\\n    \"toppings\": [\\n        { \"id\": \"5002\", \"type\": \"Glazed\" },\\n        { \"id\": \"5006\", \"type\": \"Chocolate with Sprinkles\" },\\n        { \"id\": \"5004\", \"type\": \"Maple\" }\\n    ]\\n}\\';\\n\\n$yummy = json_decode($json);\\n\\necho $yummy->toppings[2]->id; //5004\\ntrueWhen you do this, instead of objects you\\'ll get associative arrays - arrays with strings for keys. Again you access the elements thereof as usual, e.g. $array[\\'key\\'].$json = \\'\\n{\\n    \"type\": \"donut\",\\n    \"name\": \"Cake\",\\n    \"toppings\": [\\n        { \"id\": \"5002\", \"type\": \"Glazed\" },\\n        { \"id\": \"5006\", \"type\": \"Chocolate with Sprinkles\" },\\n        { \"id\": \"5004\", \"type\": \"Maple\" }\\n    ]\\n}\\';\\n\\n$yummy = json_decode($json, true);\\n\\necho $yummy[\\'toppings\\'][2][\\'type\\']; //Maple\\nWhen decoding a JSON  to an associative PHP array, you can iterate both keys and values using the foreach (array_expression as $key => $value) syntax, eg$json = \\'\\n{\\n    \"foo\": \"foo value\",\\n    \"bar\": \"bar value\",\\n    \"baz\": \"baz value\"\\n}\\';\\n\\n$assoc = json_decode($json, true);\\nforeach ($assoc as $key => $value) {\\n    echo \"The value of key \\'$key\\' is \\'$value\\'\", PHP_EOL;\\n}\\nPrintsThe value of key \\'foo\\' is \\'foo value\\'\\n  The value of key \\'bar\\' is \\'bar value\\'\\n  The value of key \\'baz\\' is \\'baz value\\'Read the documentation for whatever it is you\\'re getting the JSON from.Look at the JSON - where you see curly brackets {} expect an object, where you see square brackets [] expect an array.Hit the decoded data with a print_r():$json = \\'\\n{\\n    \"type\": \"donut\",\\n    \"name\": \"Cake\",\\n    \"toppings\": [\\n        { \"id\": \"5002\", \"type\": \"Glazed\" },\\n        { \"id\": \"5006\", \"type\": \"Chocolate with Sprinkles\" },\\n        { \"id\": \"5004\", \"type\": \"Maple\" }\\n    ]\\n}\\';\\n\\n$yummy = json_decode($json);\\n\\nprint_r($yummy);\\nand check the output:stdClass Object\\n(\\n    [type] => donut\\n    [name] => Cake\\n    [toppings] => Array\\n        (\\n            [0] => stdClass Object\\n                (\\n                    [id] => 5002\\n                    [type] => Glazed\\n                )\\n\\n            [1] => stdClass Object\\n                (\\n                    [id] => 5006\\n                    [type] => Chocolate with Sprinkles\\n                )\\n\\n            [2] => stdClass Object\\n                (\\n                    [id] => 5004\\n                    [type] => Maple\\n                )\\n\\n        )\\n\\n)\\nIt\\'ll tell you where you have objects, where you have arrays, along with the names and values of their members.If you can only get so far into it before you get lost - go that far and hit  with print_r():print_r($yummy->toppings[0]);\\nstdClass Object\\n(\\n    [id] => 5002\\n    [type] => Glazed\\n)\\nTake a look at it in .Break the problem down into pieces that are easier to wrap your head around.json_decode()nullThis happens because either:nulljson_last_error_msgjson_decode()If you need to change the max depth you\\'re probably solving the wrong problem. Find out why you\\'re getting such deeply nested data (e.g. the service you\\'re querying that\\'s generating the JSON has a bug) and get that to not happen.Sometimes you\\'ll have an object property name that contains something like a hyphen - or at sign @ which can\\'t be used in a literal identifier. Instead you can use a string literal within curly braces to address it.$json = \\'{\"@attributes\":{\"answer\":42}}\\';\\n$thing = json_decode($json);\\n\\necho $thing->{\\'@attributes\\'}->answer; //42\\nIf you have an integer as property see:  as reference.It\\'s ridiculous but it happens - there\\'s JSON encoded as a string within your JSON. Decode, access the string as usual, decode , and eventually get to what you need.$json = \\'\\n{\\n    \"type\": \"donut\",\\n    \"name\": \"Cake\",\\n    \"toppings\": \"[{ \\\\\"type\\\\\": \\\\\"Glazed\\\\\" }, { \\\\\"type\\\\\": \\\\\"Maple\\\\\" }]\"\\n}\\';\\n\\n$yummy = json_decode($json);\\n$toppings = json_decode($yummy->toppings);\\n\\necho $toppings[0]->type; //Glazed\\nIf your JSON is too large for json_decode() to handle at once things start to get tricky. See:\\n\\n\\nSee: .', 'You can use  to convert a json string to a PHP object/array.Eg.$json = \\'{\"a\":1,\"b\":2,\"c\":3,\"d\":4,\"e\":5}\\';\\n\\nvar_dump(json_decode($json));\\nvar_dump(json_decode($json, true));\\nobject(stdClass)#1 (5) {\\n    [\"a\"] => int(1)\\n    [\"b\"] => int(2)\\n    [\"c\"] => int(3)\\n    [\"d\"] => int(4)\\n    [\"e\"] => int(5)\\n}\\n\\narray(5) {\\n    [\"a\"] => int(1)\\n    [\"b\"] => int(2)\\n    [\"c\"] => int(3)\\n    [\"d\"] => int(4)\\n    [\"e\"] => int(5)\\n}\\nFew Points to remember:\\njson_decodejsonNULL\\njson_last_error()\\nutf8json_decodeNULL\\n', '// Using json as php array \\n\\n$json = \\'[{\"user_id\":\"1\",\"user_name\":\"Sayeed Amin\",\"time\":\"2019-11-06 13:21:26\"}]\\';\\n\\n//or use from file\\n//$json = file_get_contents(\\'results.json\\');\\n\\n$someArray = json_decode($json, true);\\n\\nforeach ($someArray as $key => $value) {\\n    echo $value[\"user_id\"] . \", \" . $value[\"user_name\"] . \", \" . $value[\"time\"] . \"<br>\";\\n}\\n', '1) json_decode($json_string) // it returns object2) json_decode($json_string,true) // it returns array$json_string = \\'{\\n    \"type\": \"donut\",\\n    \"name\": \"Cake\",\\n    \"toppings\": [\\n        { \"id\": \"5002\", \"type\": \"Glazed\" },\\n        { \"id\": \"5006\", \"type\": \"Chocolate with Sprinkles\" },\\n        { \"id\": \"5004\", \"type\": \"Maple\" }\\n    ]\\n}\\';\\n$array = json_decode($json_string,true);\\n\\necho $array[\\'type\\']; //it gives donut\\n', 'Consider using JSONPath There is a pretty clear explanation of how to use it and parse a JSON-file  proposed. If you are familiar with XPath for XML you will start loving this approach. ', 'The acepted Answer is very detailed and correct in most of the cases.I just want to add that i was getting an error while attempting to load a JSON text file encoded with UTF8, i had a well formatted JSON but the \\'json_decode\\' always returned me with NULL, it was due the .To solve it, i made this PHP function:function load_utf8_file($filePath)\\n{\\n    $response = null;\\n    try\\n    {\\n        if (file_exists($filePath)) {\\n            $text = file_get_contents($filePath);\\n            $response = preg_replace(\"/^\\\\xEF\\\\xBB\\\\xBF/\", \\'\\', $text);          \\n        }     \\n    } catch (Exception $e) {\\n      echo \\'ERROR: \\',  $e->getMessage(), \"\\\\n\";\\n   }\\n   finally{  }\\n   return $response;\\n}\\nThen i use it like this to load a JSON file and get a value from it:$str = load_utf8_file(\\'appconfig.json\\'); \\n$json = json_decode($str, true); \\n//print_r($json);\\necho $json[\\'prod\\'][\\'deploy\\'][\\'hostname\\'];\\n', 'Check below code for converting json to array in PHP,\\nIf JSON is correct then json_decode() works well, and will return an array,\\nBut if malformed JSON, then It will return NULL,<?php\\nfunction jsonDecode1($json){\\n    $arr = json_decode($json, true);\\n    return $arr;\\n}\\n\\n// In case of malformed JSON, it will return NULL\\nvar_dump( jsonDecode1($json) );\\nIf malformed JSON, and you are expecting only array, then you can use this function,<?php\\nfunction jsonDecode2($json){\\n    $arr = (array) json_decode($json, true);\\n    return $arr;\\n}\\n\\n// In case of malformed JSON, it will return an empty array()\\nvar_dump( jsonDecode2($json) );\\nIf malformed JSON, and you want to stop code execution, then you can use this function,<?php\\nfunction jsonDecode3($json){\\n    $arr = (array) json_decode($json, true);\\n\\n    if(empty(json_last_error())){\\n        return $arr;\\n    }\\n    else{\\n        throw new ErrorException( json_last_error_msg() );\\n    }\\n}\\n\\n// In case of malformed JSON, Fatal error will be generated\\nvar_dump( jsonDecode3($json) );\\nYou can use any function depends on your requirement,']\n",
      "How does the SQL injection from the “Bobby Tables” XKCD comic work?\n",
      "Just looking at:\n",
      "What does this SQL do:Robert'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --\n",
      "I know both ' and -- are for comments, but doesn't the word DROP get commented as well since it is part of the same line?\n",
      "[\"Just looking at:\\nWhat does this SQL do:Robert'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --\\nI know both ' and -- are for comments, but doesn't the word DROP get commented as well since it is part of the same line?\", 'The original code in the school\\'s program probably looks something likeq = \"INSERT INTO Students VALUES (\\'\" + FNMName.Text + \"\\', \\'\" + LName.Text + \"\\')\";\\nThis is the naive way to add text input into a query, and is , as you will see.After the values from the first name, middle name textbox  (which is Robert\\'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --) and the last name textbox  (let\\'s call it Derper) are concatenated with the rest of the query, the result is now actually  separated by the  (semicolon).  The second query has been  into the first.  When the code executes this query against the database, it will look like thisINSERT INTO Students VALUES (\\'Robert\\'); DROP TABLE Students; --\\', \\'Derper\\')\\nwhich, in plain English, roughly translates to the two queries:Add a new record to the Students table with a Name value of \\'Robert\\'andDelete the Students tableEverything past the second query is :  --\\', \\'Derper\\')The \\' in the student\\'s name is not a comment, it\\'s the closing .  Since the student\\'s name is a string, it\\'s needed syntactically to complete the hypothetical query.  Injection attacks only work .', \"Let's say the name was used in a variable, $Name.   You then run this :INSERT INTO Students VALUES ( '$Name' )\\nThe code is mistakenly placing anything the user supplied as the variable.You wanted the  to be:INSERT INTO Students VALUES ( '` )But a clever user can supply whatever they want:INSERT INTO Students VALUES ( '' ) What you get is:INSERT INTO Students VALUES ( 'Robert' );  DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --' )\\nThe -- only comments the remainder of the line.\", 'As everyone else has pointed out already, the \\'); closes the original statement and then a second statement follows. Most frameworks, including languages like PHP, have default security settings by now that don\\'t allow multiple statements in one SQL string. In PHP, for example, you can only run multiple statements in one SQL string by using the mysqli_multi_query function.You can, however, manipulate an existing SQL statement via SQL injection without having to add a second statement. Let\\'s say you have a login system which checks a username and a password with this simple select:$query=\"SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=\\'\" . $_REQUEST[\\'user\\'] . \"\\' and (password=\\'\".$_REQUEST[\\'pass\\'].\"\\')\";\\n$result=mysql_query($query);\\nIf you provide peter as the username and secret as the password, the resulting SQL string would look like this:SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=\\'peter\\' and (password=\\'secret\\')\\nEverything\\'s fine. Now imagine you provide this string as the password:\\' OR \\'1\\'=\\'1\\nThen the resulting SQL string would be this:SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=\\'peter\\' and (password=\\'\\' OR \\'1\\'=\\'1\\')\\nThat would enable you to log in to any account without knowing the password. So you don\\'t need to be able to use two statements in order to use SQL injection, although you can do more destructive things if you are able to supply multiple statements.', \"No, ' isn't a comment in SQL, but a delimiter.Mom supposed the database programmer made a request looking like:INSERT INTO 'students' ('first_name', 'last_name') VALUES ('$firstName', '$lastName');\\n(for example) to add the new student, where the $xxx variable contents was taken directly out of an HTML form, without checking format nor escaping special characters.So if $firstName contains Robert'); DROP TABLE students; -- the database program will execute the following request directly on the DB: INSERT INTO 'students' ('first_name', 'last_name') VALUES ('Robert'); DROP TABLE students; --', 'XKCD');\\nie. it will terminate early the insert statement, execute whatever malicious code the cracker wants, then comment out whatever remainder of code there might be.Mmm, I am too slow, I see already 8 answers before mine in the orange band... :-) A popular topic, it seems.\", \"()To make it clear what's happening, let's try this with a simple table containing only the name field and add a single row:Let's assume the application uses the following SQL to insert data into the table:Replace foobar with the actual name of the student. A normal insert operation would look like this:When we query the table, we get this:What happens when we insert Little Bobby Tables's name into the table?The SQL injection here is the result of the name of the student terminating the statement and including a separate DROP TABLE command; the two dashes at the end of the input are intended to comment out any leftover code that would otherwise cause an error. The last line of the output confirms that the database server has dropped the table.It's important to notice that during the INSERT operation the application isn't checking the input for any special characters, and is therefore allowing arbitrary input to be entered into the SQL command. This means that a malicious user can insert, into a field normally intended for user input, special symbols such as quotes along with arbitrary SQL code to cause the database system to execute it, hence .The result?SQL injection is the database equivalent of a remote  vulnerability in an operating system or application.  The potential impact of a successful SQL injection attack cannot be underestimated--depending on the database system and application configuration, it can be used by an attacker to cause data loss (as in this case), gain unauthorized access to data, or even execute arbitrary code on the host machine itself.As noted by the XKCD comic, one way of protecting against SQL injection attacks is to sanitize database inputs, such as by escaping special characters, so that they cannot modify the underlying SQL command and therefore cannot cause execution of arbitrary SQL code.  If you use parameterized queries, such as by using SqlParameter in ADO.NET, the input will, at minimum, be automatically sanitized to guard against SQL injection.However, sanitizing inputs at the application level may not stop more advanced SQL injection techniques. For example, mysql_real_escape_string. For added protection, many database systems support . If properly implemented in the backend, prepared statements can make SQL injection impossible by treating data inputs as semantically separate from the rest of the command.\", 'Say you naively wrote a student creation method like this:void createStudent(String name) {\\n    database.execute(\"INSERT INTO students (name) VALUES (\\'\" + name + \"\\')\");\\n}\\nAnd someone enters the name Robert\\'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --What gets run on the database is this query:INSERT INTO students (name) VALUES (\\'Robert\\'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS --\\')\\nThe semicolon ends the insert command and starts another; the -- comments out the rest of the line. The DROP TABLE command is executed...This is why bind parameters are a good thing.', \"A single quote is the start and end of a string. A semicolon is the end of a statement. So if they were doing a select like this:Select *\\nFrom Students\\nWhere (Name = '<NameGetsInsertedHere>')\\nThe SQL would become:Select *\\nFrom Students\\nWhere (Name = 'Robert'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --')\\n--             ^-------------------------------^\\nOn some systems, the select would get ran first followed by the drop statement! The message is: DONT EMBED VALUES INTO YOUR SQL. Instead use parameters!\", \"The '); ends the query, it doesn't start a comment. Then it drops the students table and comments the rest of the query that was supposed to be executed.\", 'The writer of the database probably did a sql = \"SELECT * FROM STUDENTS WHERE (STUDENT_NAME = \\'\" + student_name + \"\\') AND other stuff\";\\nexecute(sql);\\nIf student_name is the one given, that does the selection with the name \"Robert\" and then drops the table.  The \"-- \" part changes the rest of the given query into a comment.', 'In this case, \\' is not a comment character.  It\\'s used to delimit string literals.  The comic artist is banking on the idea that the school in question has dynamic sql somewhere that looks something like this:$sql = \"INSERT INTO `Students` (FirstName, LastName) VALUES (\\'\" . $fname . \"\\', \\'\" . $lname . \"\\')\";\\nSo now the \\' character ends the string literal before the programmer was expecting it.  Combined with the ; character to end the statement, an attacker can now add whatever sql they want.  The -- comment at the end is to make sure any remaining sql in the original statement does not prevent the query from compiling on the server.FWIW, I also think the comic in question has an important detail wrong: if you\\'re thinking about  your database inputs, as the comic suggests, you\\'re still doing it wrong. Instead, you should think in terms of  your database inputs, and the correct way to do this is via parameterized queries.', \"The ' character in SQL is used  for string constants. In this case it is used for ending the string constant and not for comment.\", 'This is how it works:\\nLets suppose the administrator is looking for records of student  Robert\\'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --\\nSince the admin account has high privileges deleting the table from this account is possible.The code to retrieve user name from request isNow the query would be something like this (to search the student table)String query=\"Select * from student where username=\\'\"+student_name+\"\\'\";\\n\\nstatement.executeQuery(query); //Rest of the code follows\\nThe resultant query becomesSelect * from student where username=\\'Robert\\'); DROP TABLE STUDENTS; --\\nSince the user input is not sanitized, The above query has is manipulated into 2 partsSelect * from student where username=\\'Robert\\'); \\n\\nDROP TABLE STUDENTS; --\\nThe double dash (--) will just comment out remaining part of the query. This is dangerous as it can nullify password authentication, if presentThe first one will do the normal search. The second one will drop the table student if the account has sufficient privileges (Generally the school admin account will run such query and will have the privileges talked about above).', 'No one pointed this out before so through I might alert some of you. Mostly we will try to patch forms input. But this is not the only place where you can get attacked with SQL injection. You can do very simple attack with URL which send data through GET request;\\nConsider the fallowing example:<a href=\"/show?id=1\">show something</a>\\nYour url would look \\nNow someone could try something like this http://yoursite.com/show?id=1;TRUNCATE table_name\\nTry to replace table_name with the real table name. If he get your table name right they would empty your table! Your query would look something like this...\"SELECT * FROM page WHERE id = 4;TRUNCATE page\"\\n<?php\\n...\\n$id = $_GET[\\'id\\'];\\n\\n$pdo = new PDO($database_dsn, $database_user, $database_pass);\\n$query = \"SELECT * FROM page WHERE id = {$id}\";\\n$stmt = $pdo->query($query);\\n$data = $stmt->fetch(); \\n/************* You have lost your data!!! :( *************/\\n...\\n<?php\\n...\\n$id = $_GET[\\'id\\'];\\n\\n$query = \\'SELECT * FROM page WHERE id = :idVal\\';\\n$stmt = $pdo->prepare($query);\\n$stmt->bindParam(\\'idVal\\', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT);\\n$stmt->execute();\\n$data = $stmt->fetch();\\n/************* Your data is safe! :) *************/\\n...\\n']\n",
      "Convert one date format into another in PHP\n",
      "Is there a simple way to convert one date format into another date format in PHP?I have this:$old_date = date('y-m-d-h-i-s');            // works\n",
      "\n",
      "$middle = strtotime($old_date);             // returns bool(false)\n",
      "\n",
      "$new_date = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $middle);   // returns 1970-01-01 00:00:00\n",
      "But I'd of course like it to return a current date rather than the crack 'o dawn. What am I doing wrong?\n",
      "[\"Is there a simple way to convert one date format into another date format in PHP?I have this:$old_date = date('y-m-d-h-i-s');            // works\\n\\n$middle = strtotime($old_date);             // returns bool(false)\\n\\n$new_date = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $middle);   // returns 1970-01-01 00:00:00\\nBut I'd of course like it to return a current date rather than the crack 'o dawn. What am I doing wrong?\", \"The second parameter to date() needs to be a proper timestamp (seconds since January 1, 1970). You are passing a string, which date() can't recognize.You can use  to convert a date string into a timestamp. However, even strtotime() doesn't recognize the y-m-d-h-i-s format.Use DateTime::createFromFormat. It allows you to specify an exact mask - using the date() syntax - to parse incoming string dates with.You will have to parse the elements (year, month, day, hour, minute, second) manually using substr() and hand the results to  that will build you a timestamp. But that's a lot of work! I recommend using a different format that strftime() can understand. strftime() understands   date input short of the next time joe will slip on the ice. for example, this works:$old_date = date('l, F d y h:i:s');              // returns Saturday, January 30 10 02:06:34\\n$old_date_timestamp = strtotime($old_date);\\n$new_date = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $old_date_timestamp);   \\n\", \"The easiest way to do this is$myDateTime = DateTime::createFromFormat('Y-m-d', $dateString);\\n$newDateString = $myDateTime->format('m/d/Y');\\nYou are first giving it the format $dateString is in. Then you are telling it the format you want $newDateString to be in.This also avoids the use of strtotime, which can be hard to work with at times.If you are not transforming from one date format to another, but just want the current date (or datetime) in a specific format then it's even easier:$now = new DateTime();\\n$timestring = $now->format('Y-m-d h:i:s');\\nThis other question also refers to the same topic: .\", \"The simplist way to convert one date format into another is to use strtotime() with date(). strtotime() will convert the date into a . That Unix Timestamp can then be passed to date() to convert it to the new format. $timestamp = strtotime('2008-07-01T22:35:17.02');\\n$new_date_format = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $timestamp);\\nOr as a one-liner:   $new_date_format = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', strtotime('2008-07-01T22:35:17.02'));\\nKeep in mind that strtotime() requires the date to be in a . Failure to provide a valid format will result in strtotime() returning false which will cause your date to be 1969-12-31.DateTime()As of PHP 5.2, PHP offered the DateTime() class which offers us more powerful tools for working with dates (and time). We can rewrite the above code using DateTime() as so:$date = new DateTime('2008-07-01T22:35:17.02');\\n$new_date_format = $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');\\ndate() takes a Unix timeatamp as its second parameter and returns a formatted date for you:$new_date_format = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', '1234567890');\\nDateTime() works with Unix timestamps by adding an @ before the timestamp:$date = new DateTime('@1234567890');\\n$new_date_format = $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');\\nIf the timestamp you have is in milliseconds (it may end in 000 and/or the timestamp is thirteen characters long) you will need to convert it to seconds before you can can convert it to another format. There's two ways to do this:\\nsubstr()\\nTrimming the last three digits can be acheived several ways, but using substr() is the easiest:$timestamp = substr('1234567899000', -3);\\n\\n\\nYou can also convert the timestamp into seconds by dividing by 1000. Because the timestamp is too large for 32 bit systems to do math on you will need to use the  library to do the math as strings:$timestamp = bcdiv('1234567899000', '1000');\\nTo get a Unix Timestamp you can use strtotime() which returns a Unix Timestamp:$timestamp = strtotime('1973-04-18');\\nWith DateTime() you can use DateTime::getTimestamp()$date = new DateTime('2008-07-01T22:35:17.02');\\n$timestamp = $date->getTimestamp();\\nIf you're running PHP 5.2 you can use the U formatting option instead:$date = new DateTime('2008-07-01T22:35:17.02');\\n$timestamp = $date->format('U');\\n    Unfortunately not all dates that a developer has to work with are in a standard format. Fortunately PHP 5.3 provided us with a solution for that. DateTime::createFromFormat() allows us to tell PHP what format a date string is in so it can be successfully parsed into a DateTime object for further manipulation.$date = DateTime::createFromFormat('F-d-Y h:i A', 'April-18-1973 9:48 AM');\\n$new_date_format = $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');\\nIn PHP 5.4 we gained the ability to do class member access on instantiation has been added which allows us to turn our DateTime() code into a one-liner:$new_date_format = (new DateTime('2008-07-01T22:35:17.02'))->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');\\n\\n$new_date_format = DateTime::createFromFormat('F-d-Y h:i A', 'April-18-1973 9:48 AM')->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');\\n\", \"Try this:$old_date = date('y-m-d-h-i-s');\\n$new_date = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', strtotime($old_date));\\n\", \"To convert $date from dd-mm-yyyy hh:mm:ss to a proper MySQL datetime\\nI go like this:$date = DateTime::createFromFormat('d-m-Y H:i:s',$date)->format('Y-m-d H:i:s');\\n\", 'The following is an easy method to convert dates to different formats.// Create a new DateTime object\\n$date = DateTime::createFromFormat(\\'Y-m-d\\', \\'2016-03-25\\');\\n\\n// Output the date in different formats\\necho $date->format(\\'Y-m-d\\').\"\\\\n\";\\necho $date->format(\\'d-m-Y\\').\"\\\\n\";\\necho $date->format(\\'m-d-Y\\').\"\\\\n\";\\n', \"$old_date = date('y-m-d-h-i-s');       // works\\nyou are doing wrong here, this should be$old_date = date('y-m-d h:i:s');       // works\\nseparator of time is ':'I think this will help...$old_date = date('y-m-d-h-i-s');              // works\\n\\npreg_match_all('/(\\\\d+)-(\\\\d+)-(\\\\d+)-(\\\\d+)-(\\\\d+)-(\\\\d+)/', $old_date, $out, PREG_SET_ORDER);\\n$out = $out[0];\\n$time = mktime($out[4], $out[5], $out[6], $out[2], $out[3], $out[1]);\\n\\n$new_date = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $time); \\nOR$old_date = date('y-m-d-h-i-s');              // works\\n\\n$out = explode('-', $old_date);\\n$time = mktime($out[3], $out[4], $out[5], $out[1], $out[2], $out[0]);\\n\\n$new_date = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $time); \\n\", \"This native way will help to convert any inputted format to the desired format.$formatInput = 'd-m-Y'; //Give any format here, this would be converted into your format\\n$dateInput = '01-02-2018'; //date in above format\\n\\n$formatOut = 'Y-m-d'; // Your format\\n$dateOut = DateTime::createFromFormat($formatInput, $dateInput)->format($formatOut);\\n\", 'You need to convert the $old_date back into a timestamp, as the  requires a timestamp as its second argument.', 'strtotime will work that out. the dates are just not the same and all in us-format.<?php\\n$e1 = strtotime(\"2013-07-22T12:00:03Z\");\\necho date(\\'y.m.d H:i\\', $e1);\\necho \"2013-07-22T12:00:03Z\";\\n\\n$e2 = strtotime(\"2013-07-23T18:18:15Z\");\\necho date (\\'y.m.d H:i\\', $e2);\\necho \"2013-07-23T18:18:15Z\";\\n\\n$e1 = strtotime(\"2013-07-21T23:57:04Z\");\\necho date (\\'y.m.d H:i\\', $e2);\\necho \"2013-07-21T23:57:04Z\";\\n?>\\n', \"This solved for me,$old = '18-04-2018';\\n$new = date('Y-m-d', strtotime($old));\\necho $new;\\nOutput : 2018-04-18\", \"Try this:$tempDate = explode('-','03-23-15');\\n$date = '20'.$tempDate[2].'-'.$tempDate[0].'-'.$tempDate[1];\\n\", 'This is the other way you can convert date format <?php\\n$pastDate = \"Tuesday 11th October, 2016\";\\n$pastDate = str_replace(\",\",\"\",$pastDate);\\n\\n$date = new DateTime($pastDate);\\n$new_date_format = $date->format(\\'Y-m-d\\');\\n\\necho $new_date_format.\\' 23:59:59\\'; ?>\\n', 'Just using strings, for me is a good solution, less problems with mysql. Detects the current format and changes it if necessary, this solution is only for spanish/french format and english format, without use php datetime function.class dateTranslator {\\n\\n public static function translate($date, $lang) {\\n      $divider = \\'\\';\\n\\n      if (empty($date)){\\n           return null;   \\n      }\\n      if (strpos($date, \\'-\\') !== false) {\\n           $divider = \\'-\\';\\n      } else if (strpos($date, \\'/\\') !== false) {\\n           $divider = \\'/\\';\\n      }\\n      //spanish format DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm\\n      if (strcmp($lang, \\'es\\') == 0) {\\n\\n           $type = explode($divider, $date)[0];\\n           if (strlen($type) == 4) {\\n                $date = self::reverseDate($date,$divider);\\n           } \\n           if (strcmp($divider, \\'-\\') == 0) {\\n                $date = str_replace(\"-\", \"/\", $date);\\n           }\\n      //english format YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm\\n      } else {\\n\\n           $type = explode($divider, $date)[0];\\n           if (strlen($type) == 2) {\\n\\n                $date = self::reverseDate($date,$divider);\\n           } \\n           if (strcmp($divider, \\'/\\') == 0) {\\n                $date = str_replace(\"/\", \"-\", $date);\\n\\n           }   \\n      }\\n      return $date;\\n }\\n\\n public static function reverseDate($date) {\\n      $date2 = explode(\\' \\', $date);\\n      if (count($date2) == 2) {\\n           $date = implode(\"-\", array_reverse(preg_split(\"/\\\\D/\", $date2[0]))) . \\' \\' . $date2[1];\\n      } else {\\n           $date = implode(\"-\", array_reverse(preg_split(\"/\\\\D/\", $date)));\\n      }\\n\\n      return $date;\\n }\\ndateTranslator::translate($date, \\'en\\')\\n', 'I know this is old, but, in running into a vendor that inconsistently uses 5 different date formats in their APIs (and test servers with a variety of PHP versions from the 5\\'s through the latest 7\\'s), I decided to write a universal converter that works with a myriad of PHP versions. This converter will take virtually any input, including any standard datetime format (including with or without milliseconds)  any Epoch Time representation (including with or without milliseconds) and convert it to virtually any other format. To call it:$TheDateTimeIWant=convertAnyDateTome_toMyDateTime([thedateIhave],[theformatIwant]);\\nSending null for the format will make the function return the datetime in Epoch/Unix Time. Otherwise, send any format string that date() supports, as well as with \".u\" for milliseconds (I handle milliseconds as well, even though date() returns zeros).Here\\'s the code:        <?php   \\n        function convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($dttm,$dtFormat)\\n        {\\n            if (!isset($dttm))\\n            {\\n                return \"\";\\n            }\\n            $timepieces = array();\\n            if (is_numeric($dttm))\\n            {\\n                $rettime=$dttm;\\n            }\\n            else\\n            {\\n                $rettime=strtotime($dttm);\\n                if (strpos($dttm,\".\")>0 and strpos($dttm,\"-\",strpos($dttm,\".\"))>0)\\n                {\\n                    $rettime=$rettime.substr($dttm,strpos($dttm,\".\"),strpos($dttm,\"-\",strpos($dttm,\".\"))-strpos($dttm,\".\"));\\n                    $timepieces[1]=\"\";\\n                }\\n                else if (strpos($dttm,\".\")>0 and strpos($dttm,\"-\",strpos($dttm,\".\"))==0)\\n                {               \\n                    preg_match(\\'/([0-9]+)([^0-9]+)/\\',substr($dttm,strpos($dttm,\".\")).\" \",$timepieces);\\n                    $rettime=$rettime.\".\".$timepieces[1];\\n                }\\n            }\\n\\n            if (isset($dtFormat))\\n            {\\n                // RETURN as ANY date format sent\\n                if (strpos($dtFormat,\".u\")>0)       // Deal with milliseconds\\n                {\\n                    $rettime=date($dtFormat,$rettime);              \\n                    $rettime=substr($rettime,0,strripos($rettime,\".\")+1).$timepieces[1];                \\n                }\\n                else                                // NO milliseconds wanted\\n                {\\n                    $rettime=date($dtFormat,$rettime);\\n                }\\n            }\\n            else\\n            {\\n                // RETURN Epoch Time (do nothing, we already built Epoch Time)          \\n            }\\n            return $rettime;    \\n        }\\n    ?>\\nHere\\'s some sample calls - you will note it also handles any time zone data (though as noted above, any non GMT time is returned in your time zone).         $utctime1=\"2018-10-30T06:10:11.2185007-07:00\";\\n        $utctime2=\"2018-10-30T06:10:11.2185007\";\\n        $utctime3=\"2018-10-30T06:10:11.2185007 PDT\";\\n        $utctime4=\"2018-10-30T13:10:11.2185007Z\";\\n        $utctime5=\"2018-10-30T13:10:11Z\";\\n        $dttm=\"10/30/2018 09:10:11 AM EST\";\\n\\n        echo \"<pre>\";\\n        echo \"<b>Epoch Time to a standard format</b><br>\";\\n        echo \"<br>Epoch Tm: 1540905011    to STD DateTime     ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime(\"1540905011\",\"Y-m-d H:i:s\").\"<hr>\";\\n        echo \"<br>Epoch Tm: 1540905011          to UTC        ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime(\"1540905011\",\"c\");\\n        echo \"<br>Epoch Tm: 1540905011.2185007  to UTC        ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime(\"1540905011.2185007\",\"c\").\"<hr>\";\\n        echo \"<b>Returned as Epoch Time (the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 Thursday, 1 January 1970, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), minus leap seconds.)\";\\n        echo \"</b><br>\";\\n        echo \"<br>UTCTime1: \".$utctime1.\" ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($utctime1,null);\\n        echo \"<br>UTCTime2: \".$utctime2.\"       ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($utctime2,null);\\n        echo \"<br>UTCTime3: \".$utctime3.\"   ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($utctime3,null);\\n        echo \"<br>UTCTime4: \".$utctime4.\"      ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($utctime4,null);\\n        echo \"<br>UTCTime5: \".$utctime5.\"              ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($utctime5,null);\\n        echo \"<br>NO MILIS: \".$dttm.\"        ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($dttm,null);\\n        echo \"<hr>\";\\n        echo \"<hr>\";\\n        echo \"<b>Returned as whatever datetime format one desires</b>\";\\n        echo \"<br>UTCTime1: \".$utctime1.\" ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($utctime1,\"Y-m-d H:i:s\").\"              Y-m-d H:i:s\";\\n        echo \"<br>UTCTime2: \".$utctime2.\"       ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($utctime2,\"Y-m-d H:i:s.u\").\"      Y-m-d H:i:s.u\";\\n        echo \"<br>UTCTime3: \".$utctime3.\"   ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($utctime3,\"Y-m-d H:i:s.u\").\"      Y-m-d H:i:s.u\";\\n        echo \"<p><b>Returned as ISO8601</b>\";\\n        echo \"<br>UTCTime3: \".$utctime3.\"   ----RESULT: \".convertAnyDateTime_toMyDateTime($utctime3,\"c\").\"        ISO8601\";\\n        echo \"</pre>\";\\nHere\\'s the output:Epoch Tm: 1540905011                        ----RESULT: 2018-10-30 09:10:11\\n\\nEpoch Tm: 1540905011          to UTC        ----RESULT: 2018-10-30T09:10:11-04:00\\nEpoch Tm: 1540905011.2185007  to UTC        ----RESULT: 2018-10-30T09:10:11-04:00\\nReturned as Epoch Time (the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 Thursday, 1 January 1970, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), minus leap seconds.)\\n\\nUTCTime1: 2018-10-30T06:10:11.2185007-07:00 ----RESULT: 1540905011.2185007\\nUTCTime2: 2018-10-30T06:10:11.2185007       ----RESULT: 1540894211.2185007\\nUTCTime3: 2018-10-30T06:10:11.2185007 PDT   ----RESULT: 1540905011.2185007\\nUTCTime4: 2018-10-30T13:10:11.2185007Z      ----RESULT: 1540905011.2185007\\nUTCTime5: 2018-10-30T13:10:11Z              ----RESULT: 1540905011\\nNO MILIS: 10/30/2018 09:10:11 AM EST        ----RESULT: 1540908611\\nReturned as whatever datetime format one desires\\nUTCTime1: 2018-10-30T06:10:11.2185007-07:00 ----RESULT: 2018-10-30 09:10:11              Y-m-d H:i:s\\nUTCTime2: 2018-10-30T06:10:11.2185007       ----RESULT: 2018-10-30 06:10:11.2185007      Y-m-d H:i:s.u\\nUTCTime3: 2018-10-30T06:10:11.2185007 PDT   ----RESULT: 2018-10-30 09:10:11.2185007      Y-m-d H:i:s.u\\nReturned as ISO8601\\nUTCTime3: 2018-10-30T06:10:11.2185007 PDT   ----RESULT: 2018-10-30T09:10:11-04:00        ISO8601\\nThe only thing not in this version is the ability to select the time zone you want the returned datetime to be in. Originally, I wrote this to change any datetime to Epoch Time, so, I didn\\'t need time zone support. It\\'s trivial to add though. ', 'Easiest and simplest way to change date format in phpIn PHP any date can be converted into the required date format using different scenarios for example to change any date format into Day, Date Month Year$newdate = date(\"D, d M Y\", strtotime($date));\\nIt will show date in the following very well formatMon, 16 Nov 2020And if you have time as well in your existing date format for example if you have datetime format of SQL 2020-11-11 22:00:00 you can convert this into the required date format using the following$newdateformat = date(\"D, d M Y H:i:s\", strtotime($oldateformat));\\nIt will show date in following well looking formatSun, 15 Nov 2020 16:26:00']\n",
      "How do I get PHP errors to display?\n",
      "I have checked my PHP ini file (php.ini) and display_errors is set and also error reporting is E_ALL. I have restarted my Apache webserver.I have even put these lines at the top of my script, and it doesn't even catch simple parse errors. For example, I declare variables with a \"$\" and I don't close statements\";\". But all my scripts show a blank page on these errors, but I want to actually see the  in my browser output. error_reporting(E_ALL);\n",
      "ini_set('display_errors', 1);\n",
      "What is left to do?\n",
      "['I have checked my PHP ini file (php.ini) and display_errors is set and also error reporting is E_ALL. I have restarted my Apache webserver.I have even put these lines at the top of my script, and it doesn\\'t even catch simple parse errors. For example, I declare variables with a \"$\" and I don\\'t close statements\";\". But all my scripts show a blank page on these errors, but I want to actually see the  in my browser output. error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set(\\'display_errors\\', 1);\\nWhat is left to do?', \"This always works for me:ini_set('display_errors', '1');\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', '1');\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\nHowever, this doesn't make PHP to show parse errors - the only way to show those errors is to modify your php.ini with this line:display_errors = on\\n(if you don't have access to php.ini, then putting this line in .htaccess might work too):php_flag display_errors 1\\n\", \"You can't catch parse errors when enabling error output at runtime, because it parses the file before actually executing anything (and since it encounters an error during this, it won't execute anything). You'll need to change the actual server configuration so that display_errors is on and the approriate error_reporting level is used. If you don't have access to php.ini, you may be able to use .htaccess or similar, depending on the server. may provide additional info.\", 'Inside your :display_errors = on\\nThen restart your web server.', \"To display all errors you need to:index.phperror_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set('display_errors', '1');\\ndisplay_errors = Onphp.iniOtherwise, it can't even run those 2 lines!You can check for syntax errors in your script by running (at the command line):php -l index.php\\nIf you  the script from another PHP script then it  display syntax errors in the  script.  For example:index.phperror_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set('display_errors', '1');\\n\\n// Any syntax errors here will result in a blank screen in the browser\\n\\ninclude 'my_script.php';\\nmy_script.phpadjfkj // This syntax error will be displayed in the browser\\n\", 'Some web hosting providers allow you to change PHP parameters in the .htaccess file.You can add the following line:php_value display_errors 1\\nI had the same issue as yours and this solution fixed it.', 'You might find all of the settings for \"error reporting\" or \"display errors\" do not appear to work in PHP\\xa07. That is because error handling has changed. Try this instead:try{\\n     // Your code\\n} \\ncatch(Error $e) {\\n    $trace = $e->getTrace();\\n    echo $e->getMessage().\\' in \\'.$e->getFile().\\' on line \\'.$e->getLine().\\' called from \\'.$trace[0][\\'file\\'].\\' on line \\'.$trace[0][\\'line\\'];\\n}\\nOr, to catch exceptions and errors in one go (this is not backward compatible with PHP\\xa05):try{\\n     // Your code\\n} \\ncatch(Throwable $e) {\\n    $trace = $e->getTrace();\\n    echo $e->getMessage().\\' in \\'.$e->getFile().\\' on line \\'.$e->getLine().\\' called from \\'.$trace[0][\\'file\\'].\\' on line \\'.$trace[0][\\'line\\'];\\n}\\n', \"This will work:<?php\\n     error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n     ini_set('display_errors', 1);    \\n?>\\n\", \"Use:ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\nThis is the best way to write it, but a syntax error gives blank output, so use the console to check for syntax errors. The best way to debug PHP code is to use the console; run the following:php -l phpfilename.php\\n\", \"Set this in your  file:ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\", 'Create a file called  in the folder where your PHP file resides.Inside php.ini add the following code (I am giving an simple error showing code):display_errors = on\\n\\ndisplay_startup_errors = on\\n', \"If, despite following all of the above answers (or you can't edit your php.ini file), you still can't get an error message, try making a new PHP file that enables error reporting and then include the problem file. eg:error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nrequire_once('problem_file.php');\\nDespite having everything set properly in my php.ini file, this was the only way I could catch a namespace error. My exact scenario was://file1.php\\nnamespace a\\\\b;\\nclass x {\\n    ...\\n}\\n\\n//file2.php\\nnamespace c\\\\d;\\nuse c\\\\d\\\\x; //Dies because it's not sure which 'x' class to use\\nclass x {\\n    ...\\n}\\n\", 'As we are now running PHP 7, answers given here are not correct any more. The only one still OK is , as he talks about PHP\\xa07.On the other side, rather than trying to catch errors with a try/catch you can use a trick: use include.Here three pieces of code:File: tst1.php<?php\\n    error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n    ini_set(\\'display_errors\\', \\'On\\');\\n    // Missing \" and ;\\n    echo \"Testing\\n?>\\nRunning this in PHP\\xa07 will show nothing.Now, try this:File: tst2.php<?php\\n    error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n    ini_set(\\'display_errors\\', \\'On\\');\\n    include (\"tst3.php\");\\n?>\\nFile: tst3.php<?php\\n    // Missing \" and ;\\n    echo \"Testing\\n?>\\nNow run tst2 which sets the error reporting, and then include tst3. You will see:Parse error: syntax error, unexpected end of file, expecting variable (T_VARIABLE) or ${ (T_DOLLAR_OPEN_CURLY_BRACES) or {$ (T_CURLY_OPEN) in tst3.php on line 4', \"I would usually go with the following code in my plain PHP projects.if(!defined('ENVIRONMENT')){\\n    define('ENVIRONMENT', 'DEVELOPMENT');\\n}\\n\\n$base_url = null;\\n\\nif (defined('ENVIRONMENT'))\\n{\\n    switch (ENVIRONMENT)\\n    {\\n        case 'DEVELOPMENT':\\n            $base_url = 'http://localhost/product/';\\n            ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\n            ini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\n            error_reporting(E_ALL|E_STRICT);\\n            break;\\n\\n        case 'PRODUCTION':\\n            $base_url = 'Production URL'; /* https://google.com */\\n            error_reporting(0);\\n            /* Mechanism to log errors */\\n            break;\\n\\n        default:\\n            exit('The application environment is not set correctly.');\\n    }\\n}\\n\", 'If you somehow find yourself in a situation where you can\\'t modifiy the setting via php.ini or .htaccess you\\'re out of luck for displaying errors when your PHP scripts contain parse errors. You\\'d then have to resolve to  like this:find . -name \\'*.php\\' -type f -print0 | xargs -0 -n1 -P8 php -l | grep -v \"No syntax errors\"\\nIf your host is so locked down that it does not allow changing the value via php.ini or .htaccess, it may also disallow changing the value via ini_set. You can check that with the following PHP script:<?php\\nif( !ini_set( \\'display_errors\\', 1 ) ) {\\n  echo \"display_errors cannot be set.\";\\n} else {\\n  echo \"changing display_errors via script is possible.\";\\n}\\n', \"You can do something like below:Set the below parameters in your main index file:    ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\n    ini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nThen based on your requirement you can choose which you want to show:For  errors, warnings and notices:    error_reporting(E_ALL); OR error_reporting(-1);\\nFor  errors:    error_reporting(E_ERROR);\\nFor  warnings:    error_reporting(E_WARNING);\\nFor  notices:    error_reporting(E_NOTICE);\\nFor more information, check .\", 'You can add your own custom error handler, which can provide extra debug information. Furthermore, you can set it up to send you the information via email.function ERR_HANDLER($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){\\n    $msg = \"<b>Something bad happened.</b> [$errno] $errstr <br><br>\\n    <b>File:</b> $errfile <br>\\n    <b>Line:</b> $errline <br>\\n    <pre>\".json_encode(debug_backtrace(), JSON_PRETTY_PRINT).\"</pre> <br>\";\\n\\n    echo $msg;\\n\\n    return false;\\n}\\n\\nfunction EXC_HANDLER($exception){\\n    ERR_HANDLER(0, $exception->getMessage(), $exception->getFile(), $exception->getLine());\\n}\\n\\nfunction shutDownFunction() {\\n    $error = error_get_last();\\n    if ($error[\"type\"] == 1) {\\n        ERR_HANDLER($error[\"type\"], $error[\"message\"], $error[\"file\"], $error[\"line\"]);\\n    }\\n}\\n\\nset_error_handler (\"ERR_HANDLER\", E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT & ~E_DEPRECATED);\\nregister_shutdown_function(\"shutdownFunction\");\\nset_exception_handler(\"EXC_HANDLER\");\\n', 'This code on top should work:error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nHowever, try to edit the code on the phone in the file:error_reporting =on\\n', 'The best/easy/fast solution that you can use if it\\'s a quick debugging, is to surround your code with catching exceptions. That\\'s what I\\'m doing when I want to check something fast in production.try {\\n    // Page code\\n}\\ncatch (Exception $e) {\\n    echo \\'Caught exception: \\',  $e->getMessage(), \"\\\\n\";\\n}\\n', '    <?php\\n    // Turn off error reporting\\n    error_reporting(0);\\n\\n    // Report runtime errors\\n    error_reporting(E_ERROR | E_WARNING | E_PARSE);\\n\\n    // Report all errors\\n    error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\\n    // Same as error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n    ini_set(\"error_reporting\", E_ALL);\\n\\n    // Report all errors except E_NOTICE\\n    error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE);\\n    ?>\\nWhile your site is live, the php.ini file should have display_errors disabled for security reasons. However, for the development environment, display_errors can be enabled for troubleshooting. ', 'Just write:error_reporting(-1);\\n', \"You can do this by changing the  php.ini file and add the following display_errors = on\\ndisplay_startup_errors = on\\nOR you can also use the following code as this always works for meini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\", \"If you have  installed you can override every setting by setting:xdebug.force_display_errors = 1;\\nxdebug.force_error_reporting = -1;\\nforce_display_errorsType: int, Default value: 0, Introduced in Xdebug >= 2.3 If this\\n  setting is set to 1 then errors will always be displayed, no matter\\n  what the setting of PHP's display_errors is.force_error_reportingType: int, Default value: 0, Introduced in Xdebug >= 2.3\\n  This setting is a bitmask, like error_reporting. This bitmask will be logically ORed with the bitmask represented by error_reporting to dermine which errors should be displayed. This setting can only be made in php.ini and allows you to force certain errors from being shown no matter what an application does with ini_set().\", \"You might want to use this code:ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\", \"Report all errors except E_NOTICEerror_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE);\\nDisplay all PHP errors error_reporting(E_ALL);  or ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);\\nTurn off all error reportingerror_reporting(0);\\n\", 'If it is on the command line, you can run php with -ddisplay_errors=1 to override the setting in php.ini:php -ddisplay_errors=1 script.php\\n', \"display_errors = on;\\nphp_flag display_errors 1\\nini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\", 'In Unix , it\\'s very practical to redirect :./script 2> errors.log\\nFrom your script, either use var_dump() or equivalent as usual (both STDOUT and STDERR will receive the output), but  file:fwrite(STDERR, \"Debug infos\\\\n\"); // Write in errors.log^\\nThen from another shell, for live changes:tail -f errors.log\\nor simplywatch cat errors.log\\n']\n",
      "How can I get useful error messages in PHP?\n",
      "Quite often I will try and run a PHP script and just get a blank screen back. No error message; just an empty screen. The cause might have been a simple syntax error (wrong bracket, missing semicolon), or a failed function call, or something else entirely.It is very difficult to figure out what went wrong. I end up commenting out code, entering \"echo\" statements everywhere, etc. trying to narrow down the problem. But there surely must be a better way, right?Is there a way to get PHP to produce a useful error message, like Java does?\n",
      "['Quite often I will try and run a PHP script and just get a blank screen back. No error message; just an empty screen. The cause might have been a simple syntax error (wrong bracket, missing semicolon), or a failed function call, or something else entirely.It is very difficult to figure out what went wrong. I end up commenting out code, entering \"echo\" statements everywhere, etc. trying to narrow down the problem. But there surely must be a better way, right?Is there a way to get PHP to produce a useful error message, like Java does?', 'For syntax errors, you need to enable error display in the php.ini. By default these are turned off because you don\\'t want a \"customer\" seeing the error messages.  in the PHP documentation for information on the 2 directives: error_reporting and display_errors. display_errors is probably the one you want to change. If you can\\'t modify the php.ini, you can also add the following lines to an .htaccess file:php_flag  display_errors        on\\nphp_value error_reporting       2039\\nYou may want to consider using the value of E_ALL (as mentioned by Gumbo) for your version of PHP for error_reporting to get all of the errors. 3 other items: (1) You can check the error log file as it will have all of the errors (unless logging has been disabled). (2) Adding the following 2 lines will help you debug errors that are not syntax errors:error_reporting(-1);\\nini_set(\\'display_errors\\', \\'On\\');\\n(3) Another option is to use an editor that checks for errors when you type, such as . PhpEd also comes with a debugger which can provide more detailed information. (The PhpEd debugger is very similar to xdebug and integrates directly into the editor so you use 1 program to do everything.)Cartman\\'s  is also very good: ', \"The following enables all errors:ini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(-1);\\nAlso see the following links\\n\\n\\n\\n\", 'The following code should display all errors:<?php\\n\\n// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n// - Display Errors\\n// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\nini_set(\\'display_errors\\', \\'On\\');\\nini_set(\\'html_errors\\', 0);\\n\\n// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n// - Error Reporting\\n// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\nerror_reporting(-1);\\n\\n// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n// - Shutdown Handler\\n// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\nfunction ShutdownHandler()\\n{\\n    if(@is_array($error = @error_get_last()))\\n    {\\n        return(@call_user_func_array(\\'ErrorHandler\\', $error));\\n    };\\n\\n    return(TRUE);\\n};\\n\\nregister_shutdown_function(\\'ShutdownHandler\\');\\n\\n// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\n// - Error Handler\\n// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\\nfunction ErrorHandler($type, $message, $file, $line)\\n{\\n    $_ERRORS = Array(\\n        0x0001 => \\'E_ERROR\\',\\n        0x0002 => \\'E_WARNING\\',\\n        0x0004 => \\'E_PARSE\\',\\n        0x0008 => \\'E_NOTICE\\',\\n        0x0010 => \\'E_CORE_ERROR\\',\\n        0x0020 => \\'E_CORE_WARNING\\',\\n        0x0040 => \\'E_COMPILE_ERROR\\',\\n        0x0080 => \\'E_COMPILE_WARNING\\',\\n        0x0100 => \\'E_USER_ERROR\\',\\n        0x0200 => \\'E_USER_WARNING\\',\\n        0x0400 => \\'E_USER_NOTICE\\',\\n        0x0800 => \\'E_STRICT\\',\\n        0x1000 => \\'E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR\\',\\n        0x2000 => \\'E_DEPRECATED\\',\\n        0x4000 => \\'E_USER_DEPRECATED\\'\\n    );\\n\\n    if(!@is_string($name = @array_search($type, @array_flip($_ERRORS))))\\n    {\\n        $name = \\'E_UNKNOWN\\';\\n    };\\n\\n    return(print(@sprintf(\"%s Error in file \\\\xBB%s\\\\xAB at line %d: %s\\\\n\", $name, @basename($file), $line, $message)));\\n};\\n\\n$old_error_handler = set_error_handler(\"ErrorHandler\");\\n\\n// other php code\\n\\n?>\\nThe only way to generate a blank page with this code is when you have a error in the shutdown handler. I copied and pasted this from my own cms without testing it, but I am sure it works.', \"You can include the following lines in the file you want to debug:error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set('display_errors', '1');\\nThis overrides the default settings in php.ini, which just make PHP report the errors to the log.\", 'Errors and warnings usually appear in ....\\\\logs\\\\php_error.log or ....\\\\logs\\\\apache_error.log depending on your php.ini settings.Also useful errors are often directed to the browser, but as they are not valid html they are not displayed.So \"tail -f\" your log files and when you get a blank screen use IEs \"view\" -> \"source\" menu options to view the raw output.', '2 entries in  dictate the output of errors:display_errorserror_reportingIn , display_errors is usually set to Off (Which is a good thing, because error display in production sites is generally not desirable!).However, in , it should be set to On, so that errors get displayed. !error_reporting (as of PHP 5.3) is set by default to E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE & ~E_STRICT & ~E_DEPRECATED (meaning, everything is shown except for notices, strict standards and deprecation notices). When in doubt, set it to E_ALL to display  the errors. !That\\'s a shame. Usually shared hosts do not allow the alteration of their php.ini file, and so, that option is sadly unavailable. But fear not! We have !In the desired script, we can alter the php.ini entries in runtime! Meaning, it\\'ll run when the script runs! Sweet!(E_ALL);\\n(\"display_errors\", \"On\");These two lines will do the same effect as altering the php.ini entries as above! Awesome!That means that the script hadn\\'t even run! That usually happens when you have a syntax error!With syntax errors, the script doesn\\'t even get to runtime. It fails at , meaning that it\\'ll use the values in php.ini, which if you hadn\\'t changed, may not allow the display of errors.In addition, PHP by default logs errors. In shared hosting, it may be in a dedicated folder or on the same folder as the offending script.If you have access to php.ini, you can find it under the error_log entry.', \"I'm always using this syntax at the very top of the php script.ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);\\nini_set('display_errors', 'On');  //On or Off\\n\", 'There is a really useful extension called \"\" that will make your reports much nicer as well.', \"For quick, hands-on troubleshooting I normally suggest here on SO:error_reporting(~0); ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nto be put at the beginning of the script that is under trouble-shooting. This is not perfect, the perfect variant is that you also enable that in the php.ini and that you log the errors in PHP to catch syntax and startup errors.The settings outlined here display all errors, notices and warnings, including strict ones, regardless which PHP version.Next things to consider:\\n\\nSee as well:\\n\\n\\nerror_reporting()\\ndisplay_errors\\n\", \"It is possible to register an hook to make the last error or warning visible.function shutdown(){\\n  var_dump(error_get_last());\\n}\\n\\nregister_shutdown_function('shutdown');\\nadding this code to the beginning of you index.php will help you debug the problems.\", 'If you are super cool, you might try:$test_server = $_SERVER[\\'SERVER_NAME\\'] == \"127.0.0.1\" || $_SERVER[\\'SERVER_NAME\\'] == \"localhost\" || substr($_SERVER[\\'SERVER_NAME\\'],0,3) == \"192\";\\n\\nini_set(\\'display_errors\\',$test_server);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL|E_STRICT);\\nThis will only display errors when you are running locally. It also gives you the test_server variable to use in other places where appropriate.Any errors that happen before the script runs won\\'t be caught, but for 99% of errors that I make, that\\'s not an issue.', 'On the top of the page choose a parameter error_reporting(E_ERROR | E_WARNING | E_PARSE);\\n', \"It's important to recognize that a syntax error or parse error happens during the  or  step, which means that PHP will bail before it's even had a chance to execute any of your code. So if you are modifying PHP's display_errors configuration during runtime, (this includes anything from using ini_set in your code to using .htaccess, which is a runtime configuration file) then only the default  are in play.To avoid a WSOD you want to make sure that your  has display_errors on and error_reporting set to -1 (). Don't hardcode the constant value of E_ALL, because that value is subject to change between different versions of PHP.Loaded configuration is either your loaded php.ini file or your apache.conf or httpd.conf or virtualhost file. Those files are only read once during the startup stage (when you first start apache httpd or php-fpm, for example) and only overridden by runtime configuration changes. Making sure that display_errors = 1 and error_reporting = -1 in your loaded configuration file ensures that you will never see a  regardless of syntax or parse error that occur before a runtime change like ini_set('display_errors', 1); or error_reporting(E_ALL); can take place.To locate your loaded configuration file(s) just create a new PHP file with only the following code...<?php\\nphpinfo();\\nThen point your browser there and look at  and , which are usually at the top of your phpinfo() and will include the absolute path to all your loaded configuration files.If you see (none) instead of the file, that means you don't have a php.ini in . So you can  and copy that to your configuration file path as php.ini then make sure your php user has sufficient permissions to read from that file. You'll need to restart httpd or php-fpm to load it in. Remember, this is the  php.ini file that comes bundled with the PHP source. So please don't use it in production!This really is the best way to avoid a WSOD in development. Anyone suggesting that you put ini_set('display_errors', 1); or error_reporting(E_ALL); at the top of your PHP script or using .htaccess like you did here, is not going to help you avoid a WSOD when a syntax or parse error occurs (like in your case here) if your loaded configuration file has display_errors turned off.Many people (and stock installations of PHP) will use a production-ini file that has display_errors turned off by default, which typically results in this same frustration you've experienced here. Because PHP already has it turned off when it starts up, then encounters a syntax or parse error, and bails with nothing to output. You expect that your ini_set('display_errors',1); at the top of your PHP script should have avoided that, but it won't matter if PHP can't parse your code because it will never have reached the runtime.\", \"To persist this and make it confortale, you can edit your php.ini file. It is usually stored in /etc/php.ini or /etc/php/php.ini, but more local php.ini's may overwrite it, depending on your hosting provider's setup guidelines. Check a phpinfo() file for Loaded Configuration File at the top, to be sure which one gets loaded last.Search for display_errors in that file. There should be only 3 instances, of which 2 are commented.Change the uncommented line to:display_errors = stdout\\n\", 'Dunno if it will help, but here is a piece of my standard config file for php projects.  I tend not to depend too much on the apache configs even on my own server.I never have the disappearing error problem, so perhaps something here will give you an idea./*\\nAPPLICATION_LIVE will be used in process to tell if we are in a development or production environment.  It\\'s generally set as early as possible (often the first code to run), before any config, url routing, etc.\\n*/\\n\\nif ( preg_match( \"%^(www.)?livedomain.com$%\", $_SERVER[\"HTTP_HOST\"]) ) {\\n    define(\\'APPLICATION_LIVE\\', true);\\n} elseif ( preg_match( \"%^(www.)?devdomain.net$%\", $_SERVER[\"HTTP_HOST\"]) ) {\\n    define(\\'APPLICATION_LIVE\\', false);\\n} else {\\n    die(\"INVALID HOST REQUEST (\".$_SERVER[\"HTTP_HOST\"].\")\");\\n    // Log or take other appropriate action.\\n}\\n\\n\\n/*\\n--------------------------------------------------------------------\\nDEFAULT ERROR HANDLING\\n--------------------------------------------------------------------\\nDefault error logging.  Some of these may be changed later based on APPLICATION_LIVE.\\n*/\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_STRICT);\\nini_set ( \"display_errors\", \"0\");\\nini_set ( \"display_startup_errors\", \"0\");\\nini_set ( \"log_errors\", 1);\\nini_set ( \"log_errors_max_len\", 0);\\nini_set ( \"error_log\", APPLICATION_ROOT.\"logs/php_error_log.txt\");\\nini_set ( \"display_errors\", \"0\");\\nini_set ( \"display_startup_errors\", \"0\");\\n\\nif ( ! APPLICATION_LIVE ) {\\n    // A few changes to error handling for development.\\n    // We will want errors to be visible during development.\\n    ini_set ( \"display_errors\", \"1\");\\n    ini_set ( \"display_startup_errors\", \"1\");\\n    ini_set ( \"html_errors\", \"1\");\\n    ini_set ( \"docref_root\", \"http://www.php.net/\");\\n    ini_set ( \"error_prepend_string\", \"<div style=\\'color:red; font-family:verdana; border:1px solid red; padding:5px;\\'>\");\\n    ini_set ( \"error_append_string\", \"</div>\");\\n}\\n', \"error_reporting(E_ALL | E_STRICT);\\nini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('html_errors', 1);\\nIn addition, you can get more detailed information with .\", 'I recommend  for better visualization of errors and exceptions in PHP:', \"ini_set('display_errors', 1);\\nini_set('display_startup_errors', 1);\\nerror_reporting(E_ALL);\\n\", 'error_reporting(E_ALL | E_STRICT);\\nAnd turn on display errors in php.ini', \"You can register your own  in PHP. Dumping all errors to a file might help you in these obscure cases, for example. Note that your function will get called, no matter what your current  is set to. Very basic example:function dump_error_to_file($errno, $errstr) {\\n    file_put_contents('/tmp/php-errors', date('Y-m-d H:i:s - ') . $errstr, FILE_APPEND);\\n}\\nset_error_handler('dump_error_to_file');\\n\", \"The two key lines you need to get useful errors out of PHP are:ini_set('display_errors',1);\\n error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nAs pointed out by other contributors, these are switched off by default for security reasons. As a useful tip - when you're setting up your site it's handy to do a switch for your different environments so that these errors are ON by default in your local and development environments. This can be achieved with the following code (ideally in your index.php or config file so this is active from the start):switch($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])\\n{\\n    // local\\n    case 'yourdomain.dev':\\n    // dev\\n    case 'dev.yourdomain.com':\\n        ini_set('display_errors',1);\\n        error_reporting(E_ALL);\\n    break;\\n    //live\\n    case 'yourdomain.com':\\n        //...\\n    break;\\n}\\n\", ' can be useful as well.', \"open your php.ini, \\nmake sure it's set to:display_errors = On\\nrestart your server.\", 'You might also want to try PHPStorm as your code editor.  It will find many PHP and other syntax errors right as you are typing in the editor. ', 'if you are a ubuntu user then goto your terminal and run this commandsudo tail -50f /var/log/apache2/error.log\\nwhere it will display recent 50 errors. \\nThere is a error file error.log for apache2 which logs all the errors.', \"To turn on full error reporting, add this to your script:error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nThis causes even minimal warnings to show up. And, just in case:ini_set('display_errors', '1');\\nWill force the display of errors. This should be turned off in production servers, but not when you're developing.\", 'The “ERRORS” are the most useful things for the developers to know their mistakes and resolved them  to make the system working perfect.PHP provides some of better ways to know the developers why and where their piece of code is getting the errors, so by knowing those errors developers can make their code better in many ways.Best ways to write following two lines on the top of script to get all errors messages:error_reporting(E_ALL);\\nini_set(\"display_errors\", 1);\\nAnother way to use debugger tools like  in your IDE.', 'You can enable full error reporting (including notices and strict messages). Some people find this too verbose, but it\\'s worth a try. Set error_reporting to E_ALL | E_STRICT in your php.ini.error_reporting = E_ALL | E_STRICT\\nE_STRICT will notify you about deprecated functions and give you recommendations about the best methods to do certain tasks.If you don\\'t want notices, but you find other message types helpful, try excluding notices:error_reporting = (E_ALL | E_STRICT) & ~E_NOTICE\\nAlso make sure that display_errors is enabled in php.ini. If your PHP version is older than 5.2.4, set it to On:display_errors = \"On\"\\nIf your version is 5.2.4 or newer, use:display_errors = \"stderr\"\\n', \"Aside from error_reporting and the display_errors ini setting, you can get SYNTAX errors from your web server's log files. When I'm developing PHP I load my development system's web server logs into my editor. Whenever I test a page and get a blank screen, the log file goes stale and my editor asks if I want to reload it. When I do, I jump to the bottom and there is the syntax error. For example:[Sun Apr 19 19:09:11 2009] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] PHP Parse error:  syntax error, unexpected T_ENCAPSED_AND_WHITESPACE, expecting T_STRING or T_VARIABLE or T_NUM_STRING in D:\\\\\\\\webroot\\\\\\\\test\\\\\\\\test.php on line 9\\n\", \"For those who use nginx and have a white screen even for file with <?php echo 123;. In my case I didn't have this required option for PHP in nginx config file:fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;\\nThis option wasn't in fastcgi_params file, so PHP didn't work and there wasn't any errors in logs.\"]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "for i in search(\" Sql  [duplicate] \"):\n",
    "    result = es.search(index=\"test-database1\",body={\"query\": {\n",
    "    \"terms\": {\n",
    "      \"_id\": ['{}'.format(i[1])]\n",
    "    }\n",
    "  }})\n",
    "    for x in result['hits']['hits']:\n",
    "        print (x['_source']['question'])\n",
    "        print (x['_source']['details'])\n",
    "        print (x['_source']['answers'])\n",
    "\n",
    "    "
   ]
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