NASM Assembler codes for Linux
Let's start with registers and their assignments:
| Name 64 bit | Assignments | Preserved across function calls | 32 bit | 16 bit | 8 bit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAX | return register, syscall number | no | EAX | AX | AL |
| RBX | callee-saved register | yes | EBX | BX | BL |
| RDI | 1st argument | no | EDI | DI | DIL |
| RSI | 2nd argument | no | ESI | SI | SIL |
| RDX | 3rd argument | no | EDX | DX | DL |
| RCX | 4th argument | no | ECX | CX | CL |
| RBP | callee-saved register | yes | EBP | BP | BPl |
| RSP | stack pointer | yes | ESP | SP | SPL |
| R8 | 5th argument | no | R8D | R8W | R8B |
| R9 | 6th arguemnt | no | R9D | R9W | R9B |
| R10 | temporary register | no | R10D | R10W | R10B |
| R11 | temporary register | no | R11D | R11W | R11B |
| R12 | callee-saved register | yes | R12D | R12W | R12B |
| R13 | callee-saved register | yes | R13D | R13W | R13B |
| R14 | callee-saved register | yes | R14D | R14W | R14B |
| R15 | callee-saved register | yes | R15D | R15W | R15B |
| Name 128 bit | Assignments | Preserved across function calls | 32 bit | 16 bit | 8 bit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| XMMO | floating point, 1st argument, return register | no | |||
| XMM1 | floating point, 2sd argument | no | . | . | . |
| XMM2 | floating point, 3rd argument | no | . | . | . |
| XMM3 | floating point, 4th argument | no | . | . | . |
| XMM4 | floating point, 5th argument | no | . | . | . |
| XMM5 | floating point, 6th argument | no | . | . | . |
| XMM6 | floating point, 7th argument | no | . | . | . |
| ... | ... | ... | . | . | . |
| XMM15 | no | . | . | . |
Data types:
| System | Range | Byte | Initialized | Uninitialized | Bits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| byte | 0 to 255 | 1 | db | resb | 8 |
| word | 0 to 65.535 | 2 | dw | resw | 16 |
| doubleword | 0 to 4.294.967.295 | 4 | dd | resd | 32 |
| quadword | 0 to 18.446.744.073.709.551.615 | 8 | dq | resq | 64 |
Linux Syscalls values: linux-syscall-table.
| Id (RAX) | Name | Entry point |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | read | sys_read |
| 1 | write | sys_write |
| 2 | open | sys_open |
| 3 | close | sys_close |
| 57 | fork | sys_fork |
| 60 | exit | sys_exit |
Linux syscall open args:
| Syscall | Id (RAX) | 1st arg (RDI) | 2sd arg (RSI) | 3rd arg (RDX) | 4th arg (RCX) | 5th arg (R8) | 6th arg (R9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| open | 2 | $filename | #flags | #mode | . | . | . |
linux syscall read args:
| Syscall | Id (RAX) | 1st arg (RDI) | 2sd arg (RSI) | 3rd arg (RDX) | 4th arg (RCX) | 5th arg (R8) | 6th arg (R9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| read | 0 | #filedescriptor | $buffer | #count/length | . | . | . |
linux syscall write args:
| Syscall | Id (RAX) | 1st arg (RDI) | 2sd arg (RSI) | 3rd arg (RDX) | 4th arg (RCX) | 5th arg (R8) | 6th arg (R9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| write | 1 | #filedescriptor | $buffer | #count/length | . | . | . |
linux syscall close args:
| Syscall | Id (RAX) | 1st arg (RDI) | 2sd arg (RSI) | 3rd arg (RDX) | 4th arg (RCX) | 5th arg (R8) | 6th arg (R9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| close | 3 | #filedescriptor | . | . | . | . | . |
linux syscall exit args:
| Syscall | Id (RAX) | 1st arg (RDI) | 2sd arg (RSI) | 3rd arg (RDX) | 4th arg (RCX) | 5th arg (R8) | 6th arg (R9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| exit | 60 | #exitcode | . | . | . | . | . |