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Biometric Access Control System Using ID Card / Passport

The proposed solution is a two-factor physical authentication system (something you have, something you are).

The first factor is an authentic ID card or passport, and the second factor is a biometric factor using a facial scan.

The first factor is verified using the ICAO e-passport applet available in the document. Cryptographic checks are performed according to ICAO Doc 9303 specification1 to verify the integrity of the biometric data stored in the card and the authenticity of the document.

The second factor is verified by downloading the cardholder's facial image from the document and using face recognition technology to compare it to the picture taken from the webcam.

The proposed solution can be used on the entrances to buildings or self-checkout machines where strong identity verification is needed. In such cases, if biometric authentication is necessary it needs to be supervised. In cases where biometric verification is not necessary, just the first factor can be used.

1https://www.icao.int/publications/pages/publication.aspx?docnum=9303

Also check out the delta_building_demo branch for a more visual application with some of the features removed.

Motivation

This is a Master Thesis project, this technology will be aimed at automated border control, but it could also be used for automated or semi-automated access control. The thesis can be read here: https://comserv.cs.ut.ee/ati_thesis/datasheet.php?id=72515&year=2021

In action

a demo of the program The image shown on the phone is taken from https://thispersondoesnotexist.com/

Requirements

  • Linux computer with python3.6 and above
  • Contactless smart card reader
  • Webcam
  • Internet connection to manually update CRLs and perform document online validity check (only Estonian Documents)

Dependencies

On Debian/Ubuntu:

First, enable the universe repository. Then download the necessary packages:

sudo apt-get install git wget build-essential cmake python3-dev python3-venv python3-tk swig libpcsclite-dev pcscd libldap2-dev libsasl2-dev libssl-dev tesseract-ocr libtesseract-dev libleptonica-dev pkg-config

On Arch Linux/Manjaro:

Download the necessary packages and enable the smart card service:

sudo pacman -S git wget python tk base-devel cmake swig ccid opensc tesseract openblas cblas
sudo systemctl enable --now pcscd.service

Installation

git clone --recurse-submodules https://github.com/Fethbita/eMRTD_face_access.git
cd eMRTD_face_access
# Create virtualenv named '.venv'
python3 -m venv .venv
# Activate virtualenv
source .venv/bin/activate
# Upgrade pip
pip3 install --upgrade pip
# The following command is memory intensive because dlib is being built.
# Make sure you have available ram before attempting this command
pip3 install -r requirements.txt
# Download text detection and face detection assets
./download_assets.sh

Download each file from https://download.pkd.icao.int/ and put them in their respective folder.
icaopkd-001-dsccrl-xxxxxx.ldif goes into certs/icao_pkd_dsccrl,
icaopkd-002-ml-xxxxxx.ldif goes into certs/icao_pkd_ml,
icaopkd-003-nc-xxxxxx.ldif goes into certs/icao_pkd_nc.

Running

Before running, make sure you activate the virtual environment with

source .venv/bin/activate

You can run the main program by running the module (See Usage for program arguments or run python3 -m emrtd_face_access -h)

python3 -m emrtd_face_access -mrz

You can run individual modules, for example face_compare.py with

python3 -m emrtd_face_access.face_compare path_to_image_one path_to_image_two

build_database.py with

python3 -m emrtd_face_access.build_database [-h] [-add | -delete]

small_demo.py with

python3 -m emrtd_face_access.small_demo

Usage

usage: __main__.py [-h] [-no-debug] [-online] (-ee | -mrz) [-bio | -no-bio] [--db DB] [--certs CERTS] [--crls CRLS] [--output OUTPUT]

Biometric (Facial) Access Control System Using ID Card

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -no-debug             Disable debug panel and print logging information on stdout.
  -online               Download crl and csca certificates online.
  -ee                   Estonian id card/passport
  -mrz                  MRZ info will be given
  -bio                  (default) Use biometric control (facial recognition)
  -no-bio               Do not use biometric control (facial recognition)
  --db DB               Database to be used for controlling
  --certs CERTS         Directory to CSCA certificates
  --crls CRLS           Directory to certificate revocation lists
  --output OUTPUT, --o OUTPUT
                        Directory to save read card files

Database Builder Usage

usage: build_database.py [-h] [-add | -delete]

Build an allowed document database for emrtd_face_access

optional arguments:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit
  -add        (default) Add a card to the database
  -delete     Remove a card from the database