docker-entrypoint.sh

#!/bin/bash
set -eo pipefail
shopt -s nullglob

# logging functions
mysql_log() {
	local type="$1"; shift
	printf '%s [%s] [Entrypoint]: %s\n' "$(date --rfc-3339=seconds)" "$type" "$*"
}
mysql_note() {
	mysql_log Note "$@"
}
mysql_warn() {
	mysql_log Warn "$@" >&2
}
mysql_error() {
	mysql_log ERROR "$@" >&2
	exit 1
}

# usage: file_env VAR [DEFAULT]
#    ie: file_env 'XYZ_DB_PASSWORD' 'example'
# (will allow for "$XYZ_DB_PASSWORD_FILE" to fill in the value of
#  "$XYZ_DB_PASSWORD" from a file, especially for Docker's secrets feature)
file_env() {
	local var="$1"
	local fileVar="${var}_FILE"
	local def="${2:-}"
	if [ "${!var:-}" ] && [ "${!fileVar:-}" ]; then
		mysql_error "Both $var and $fileVar are set (but are exclusive)"
	fi
	local val="$def"
	if [ "${!var:-}" ]; then
		val="${!var}"
	elif [ "${!fileVar:-}" ]; then
		val="$(< "${!fileVar}")"
	fi
	export "$var"="$val"
	unset "$fileVar"
}

# set MARIADB_xyz from MYSQL_xyz when MARIADB_xyz is unset
# and make them the same value (so user scripts can use either)
_mariadb_file_env() {
	local var="$1"; shift
	local maria="MARIADB_${var#MYSQL_}"
	file_env "$var" "$@"
	file_env "$maria" "${!var}"
	if [ "${!maria:-}" ]; then
		export "$var"="${!maria}"
	fi
}

# check to see if this file is being run or sourced from another script
_is_sourced() {
	# https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/215279
	[ "${#FUNCNAME[@]}" -ge 2 ] \
		&& [ "${FUNCNAME[0]}" = '_is_sourced' ] \
		&& [ "${FUNCNAME[1]}" = 'source' ]
}

# usage: docker_process_init_files [file [file [...]]]
#    ie: docker_process_init_files /always-initdb.d/*
# process initializer files, based on file extensions
docker_process_init_files() {
	# mysql here for backwards compatibility "${mysql[@]}"
	mysql=( docker_process_sql )

	echo
	local f
	for f; do
		case "$f" in
			*.sh)
				# https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/issues/450#issuecomment-393167936
				# https://github.com/docker-library/postgres/pull/452
				if [ -x "$f" ]; then
					mysql_note "$0: running $f"
					"$f"
				else
					mysql_note "$0: sourcing $f"
					. "$f"
				fi
				;;
			*.sql)    mysql_note "$0: running $f"; docker_process_sql < "$f"; echo ;;
			*.sql.gz) mysql_note "$0: running $f"; gunzip -c "$f" | docker_process_sql; echo ;;
			*.sql.xz) mysql_note "$0: running $f"; xzcat "$f" | docker_process_sql; echo ;;
			*)        mysql_warn "$0: ignoring $f" ;;
		esac
		echo
	done
}

# arguments necessary to run "mysqld --verbose --help" successfully (used for testing configuration validity and for extracting default/configured values)
_verboseHelpArgs=(
	--verbose --help
	--log-bin-index="$(mktemp -u)" # https://github.com/docker-library/mysql/issues/136
	--encrypt-tmp-files=0 # https://github.com/docker-library/mariadb/issues/339
)

mysql_check_config() {
	local toRun=( "$@" "${_verboseHelpArgs[@]}" ) errors
	if ! errors="$("${toRun[@]}" 2>&1 >/dev/null)"; then
		mysql_error $'mysqld failed while attempting to check config\n\tcommand was: '"${toRun[*]}"$'\n\t'"$errors"
	fi
}

# Fetch value from server config
# We use mysqld --verbose --help instead of my_print_defaults because the
# latter only show values present in config files, and not server defaults
mysql_get_config() {
	local conf="$1"; shift
	"$@" "${_verboseHelpArgs[@]}" 2>/dev/null \
		| awk -v conf="$conf" '$1 == conf && /^[^ \t]/ { sub(/^[^ \t]+[ \t]+/, ""); print; exit }'
	# match "datadir      /some/path with/spaces in/it here" but not "--xyz=abc\n     datadir (xyz)"
}

# Do a temporary startup of the MariaDB server, for init purposes
docker_temp_server_start() {
	"$@" --skip-networking --socket="${SOCKET}" &
	mysql_note "Waiting for server startup"
	local i
	for i in {30..0}; do
		# only use the root password if the database has already been initializaed
		# so that it won't try to fill in a password file when it hasn't been set yet
		extraArgs=()
		if [ -z "$DATABASE_ALREADY_EXISTS" ]; then
			extraArgs+=( '--dont-use-mysql-root-password' )
		fi
		if docker_process_sql "${extraArgs[@]}" --database=mysql <<<'SELECT 1' &> /dev/null; then
			break
		fi
		sleep 1
	done
	if [ "$i" = 0 ]; then
		mysql_error "Unable to start server."
	fi
}

# Stop the server. When using a local socket file mysqladmin will block until
# the shutdown is complete.
docker_temp_server_stop() {
	export MYSQL_PWD=$MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD
	if ! mysqladmin shutdown -uroot --socket="${SOCKET}"; then
		mysql_error "Unable to shut down server."
	fi
	unset MYSQL_PWD
}

# Verify that the minimally required password settings are set for new databases.
docker_verify_minimum_env() {
	if [ -z "$MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD" -a -z "$MARIADB_ALLOW_EMPTY_ROOT_PASSWORD" -a -z "$MARIADB_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
		mysql_error $'Database is uninitialized and password option is not specified\n\tYou need to specify one of MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD, MARIADB_ALLOW_EMPTY_ROOT_PASSWORD and MARIADB_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD'
	fi
}

# creates folders for the database
# also ensures permission for user mysql of run as root
docker_create_db_directories() {
	local user; user="$(id -u)"

	# TODO other directories that are used by default? like /var/lib/mysql-files
	# see https://github.com/docker-library/mysql/issues/562
	mkdir -p "$DATADIR"

	if [ "$user" = "0" ]; then
		# this will cause less disk access than `chown -R`
		find "$DATADIR" \! -user mysql -exec chown mysql '{}' +
	fi
}

# initializes the database directory
docker_init_database_dir() {
	mysql_note "Initializing database files"
	installArgs=( --datadir="$DATADIR" --rpm --auth-root-authentication-method=normal )
	if { mysql_install_db --help || :; } | grep -q -- '--skip-test-db'; then
		# 10.3+
		installArgs+=( --skip-test-db )
	fi
	# "Other options are passed to mysqld." (so we pass all "mysqld" arguments directly here)
	mysql_install_db "${installArgs[@]}" "${@:2}"
	mysql_note "Database files initialized"
}

# Loads various settings that are used elsewhere in the script
# This should be called after mysql_check_config, but before any other functions
docker_setup_env() {
	# Get config
	declare -g DATADIR SOCKET
	DATADIR="$(mysql_get_config 'datadir' "$@")"
	SOCKET="$(mysql_get_config 'socket' "$@")"


	# Initialize values that might be stored in a file
	_mariadb_file_env 'MYSQL_ROOT_HOST' '%'
	_mariadb_file_env 'MYSQL_DATABASE'
	_mariadb_file_env 'MYSQL_USER'
	_mariadb_file_env 'MYSQL_PASSWORD'
	_mariadb_file_env 'MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD'

	# set MARIADB_ from MYSQL_ when it is unset and then make them the same value
	: "${MARIADB_ALLOW_EMPTY_ROOT_PASSWORD:=${MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD:-}}"
	export MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD="$MARIADB_ALLOW_EMPTY_ROOT_PASSWORD" MARIADB_ALLOW_EMPTY_ROOT_PASSWORD
	: "${MARIADB_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD:=${MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD:-}}"
	export MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD="$MARIADB_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD" MARIADB_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
	: "${MARIADB_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO:=${MYSQL_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO:-}}"
	export MYSQL_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO="$MARIADB_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO" MARIADB_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO

	declare -g DATABASE_ALREADY_EXISTS
	if [ -d "$DATADIR/mysql" ]; then
		DATABASE_ALREADY_EXISTS='true'
	fi
}

# Execute sql script, passed via stdin
# usage: docker_process_sql [--dont-use-mysql-root-password] [mysql-cli-args]
#    ie: docker_process_sql --database=mydb <<<'INSERT ...'
#    ie: docker_process_sql --dont-use-mysql-root-password --database=mydb <my-file.sql
docker_process_sql() {
	passfileArgs=()
	if [ '--dont-use-mysql-root-password' = "$1" ]; then
		shift
		unset MYSQL_PWD
	else
		export MYSQL_PWD=$MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD
	fi
	local count=5
	while [ $count -gt 0 ] && [ ! -S "${SOCKET}" ]
	do
		count=$(( $count - 1 ))
		mysql_note "Waiting for MariaDB to start, $count more seconds"
		sleep 1
	done
	# args sent in can override this db, since they will be later in the command
	if [ -n "$MYSQL_DATABASE" ]; then
		set -- --database="$MYSQL_DATABASE" "$@"
	fi

	mysql --protocol=socket -uroot -hlocalhost --socket="${SOCKET}" "$@"
	unset MYSQL_PWD
}

# SQL escape the string $1 to be placed in a string literal.
# escape, \ followed by '
docker_sql_escape_string_literal() {
	local escaped=${1//\\/\\\\}
	echo "${escaped//\'/\\\'}"
}

# Initializes database with timezone info and root password, plus optional extra db/user
docker_setup_db() {
	# Load timezone info into database
	if [ -z "$MARIADB_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO" ]; then
		{
			# Aria in 10.4+ is slow due to "transactional" (crash safety)
			# https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-23326
			# https://github.com/docker-library/mariadb/issues/262
			local tztables=( time_zone time_zone_leap_second time_zone_name time_zone_transition time_zone_transition_type )
			for table in "${tztables[@]}"; do
				echo "/*!100400 ALTER TABLE $table TRANSACTIONAL=0 */;"
			done

			# sed is for https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=20545
			mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo \
				| sed 's/Local time zone must be set--see zic manual page/FCTY/'

			for table in "${tztables[@]}"; do
				echo "/*!100400 ALTER TABLE $table TRANSACTIONAL=1 */;"
			done
		} | docker_process_sql --dont-use-mysql-root-password --database=mysql
		# tell docker_process_sql to not use MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD since it is not set yet
	fi
	# Generate random root password
	if [ -n "$MARIADB_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD" ]; then
		export MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD="$(pwgen --numerals --capitalize --symbols --remove-chars="'\\" -1 32)"
		export MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=$MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD
		mysql_note "GENERATED ROOT PASSWORD: $MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD"
	fi
	# Sets root password and creates root users for non-localhost hosts
	local rootCreate=
	local rootPasswordEscaped=$( docker_sql_escape_string_literal "${MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD}" )

	# default root to listen for connections from anywhere
	if [ -n "$MARIADB_ROOT_HOST" ] && [ "$MARIADB_ROOT_HOST" != 'localhost' ]; then
		# no, we don't care if read finds a terminating character in this heredoc
		# https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/265149/why-is-set-o-errexit-breaking-this-read-heredoc-expression/265151#265151
		read -r -d '' rootCreate <<-EOSQL || true
			CREATE USER 'root'@'${MARIADB_ROOT_HOST}' IDENTIFIED BY '${rootPasswordEscaped}' ;
			GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'${MARIADB_ROOT_HOST}' WITH GRANT OPTION ;
		EOSQL
	fi

	# tell docker_process_sql to not use MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD since it is just now being set
	# --binary-mode to save us from the semi-mad users go out of their way to confuse the encoding.
	docker_process_sql --dont-use-mysql-root-password --database=mysql --binary-mode <<-EOSQL
		-- What's done in this file shouldn't be replicated
		--  or products like mysql-fabric won't work
		SET @@SESSION.SQL_LOG_BIN=0;
                -- we need the SQL_MODE NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES mode to be clear for the password to be set
		SET @@SESSION.SQL_MODE=REPLACE(@@SESSION.SQL_MODE, 'NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES', '');

		DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE user NOT IN ('mysql.sys', 'mariadb.sys', 'mysqlxsys', 'root') OR host NOT IN ('localhost') ;
		SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost'=PASSWORD('${rootPasswordEscaped}') ;
		-- 10.1: https://github.com/MariaDB/server/blob/d925aec1c10cebf6c34825a7de50afe4e630aff4/scripts/mysql_secure_installation.sh#L347-L365
		-- 10.5: https://github.com/MariaDB/server/blob/00c3a28820c67c37ebbca72691f4897b57f2eed5/scripts/mysql_secure_installation.sh#L351-L369
		DELETE FROM mysql.db WHERE Db='test' OR Db='test\_%' ;

		GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION ;
		FLUSH PRIVILEGES ;
		${rootCreate}
		DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test ;
	EOSQL

	# Creates a custom database and user if specified
	if [ -n "$MARIADB_DATABASE" ]; then
		mysql_note "Creating database ${MARIADB_DATABASE}"
		docker_process_sql --database=mysql <<<"CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS \`$MARIADB_DATABASE\` ;"
	fi

	if [ -n "$MARIADB_USER" ] && [ -n "$MARIADB_PASSWORD" ]; then
		mysql_note "Creating user ${MARIADB_USER}"
		# SQL escape the user password, \ followed by '
		local userPasswordEscaped=$( docker_sql_escape_string_literal "${MARIADB_PASSWORD}" )
		docker_process_sql --database=mysql --binary-mode <<-EOSQL_USER
			SET @@SESSION.SQL_MODE=REPLACE(@@SESSION.SQL_MODE, 'NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES', '');
			CREATE USER '$MARIADB_USER'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '$userPasswordEscaped';
		EOSQL_USER

		if [ -n "$MARIADB_DATABASE" ]; then
			mysql_note "Giving user ${MARIADB_USER} access to schema ${MARIADB_DATABASE}"
			docker_process_sql --database=mysql <<<"GRANT ALL ON \`${MARIADB_DATABASE//_/\\_}\`.* TO '$MARIADB_USER'@'%' ;"
		fi
	fi
}

# check arguments for an option that would cause mysqld to stop
# return true if there is one
_mysql_want_help() {
	local arg
	for arg; do
		case "$arg" in
			-'?'|--help|--print-defaults|-V|--version)
				return 0
				;;
		esac
	done
	return 1
}

_main() {
	# if command starts with an option, prepend mysqld
	if [ "${1:0:1}" = '-' ]; then
		set -- mysqld "$@"
	fi

	# skip setup if they aren't running mysqld or want an option that stops mysqld
	if [ "$1" = 'mysqld' ] && ! _mysql_want_help "$@"; then
		mysql_note "Entrypoint script for MariaDB Server ${MARIADB_VERSION} started."

		mysql_check_config "$@"
		# Load various environment variables
		docker_setup_env "$@"
		docker_create_db_directories

		# If container is started as root user, restart as dedicated mysql user
		if [ "$(id -u)" = "0" ]; then
			mysql_note "Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'"
			exec gosu mysql "$BASH_SOURCE" "$@"
		fi

		# there's no database, so it needs to be initialized
		if [ -z "$DATABASE_ALREADY_EXISTS" ]; then
			docker_verify_minimum_env

			# check dir permissions to reduce likelihood of half-initialized database
			ls /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/ > /dev/null

			docker_init_database_dir "$@"

			mysql_note "Starting temporary server"
			docker_temp_server_start "$@"
			mysql_note "Temporary server started."

			docker_setup_db
			docker_process_init_files /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*

			mysql_note "Stopping temporary server"
			docker_temp_server_stop
			mysql_note "Temporary server stopped"

			echo
			mysql_note "MariaDB init process done. Ready for start up."
			echo
		fi
	fi
	exec "$@"
}

# If we are sourced from elsewhere, don't perform any further actions
if ! _is_sourced; then
	_main "$@"
fi